71 research outputs found
Anthropometric status and dietary habits of registered nurses, enrolled nurses and enrolled nursing auxilliaries workng at a private hospital in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal.
Masters Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg.The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been increasing over the years, particularly in South Africa (SA). A major contributor to this is poor lifestyle choices such as unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles. The rise in overweight and obesity is alarming as both are major risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Overweight and obesity are also becoming more prevalent among healthcare professionals, specifically nurses. However, nurses are expected to lead by example and should be role models to the patients they care for. Nurses are the backbone of healthcare facilities and being overweight or obese impacts both on themselves and on their patients. Factors contributing to overweight and obesity among nurses include consuming meals late, eating during stressful periods, low physical activity levels and working shifts.
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the anthropometric status and dietary habits of registered nurses (RNs), enrolled nurses (ENs) and enrolled nursing auxiliaries (ENAs) working at a private hospital in Pietermaritzburg (PMB), KwaZulu-Natal (KZN).
Objectives: (i) to determine the anthropometric status of RNs, ENs and ENAs working at a private hospital in PMB, KZN; (ii) to determine the dietary habits of RNs, ENs and ENAs working at a private hospital in PMB, KZN; (iii) to determine the factors contributing to the anthropometric status and dietary habits of RNs, ENs and ENAs working at a private hospital in PMB, KZN; (iv) to determine the prevalence of NCDs among RNs, ENs and ENAs working at a private hospital in PMB, KZN.
Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on RNs, ENs and ENAs working at a private hospital in PMB, KZN. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to obtain data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, body image and weight and eating habits. Anthropometric status was determined using selected anthropometric indices including weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Dietary habits was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a single 24-hour recall. The 24-hour recall was analysed using the Medical Research Council (MRC) Food Finder software programme version 1.0. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.
Results: The study sample consisted of 130 nurses; 40.8% (n=53) were RNs, 36.9% (n=48) were ENs, 2.3% (n=3) were midwives, 19.2% (n=25) were ENAs and one was a clinical nurse specialist in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A significant number of the participants were either overweight (25.4%; n=33) or obese class I (29.2%; n=38) (p<0.0005). Most participants did not smoke (82.3%; n=107) or consume alcohol (59.2%; n=77). Only 50%
(n=65) of participants exercised. A significant number (63.1%; n=82) indicated that they were not satisfied with their body shape/size and did not feel that they were at a healthy body weight (60%; n=78). The majority of participants underestimated their BMI using the Stunkard figure rating scale (76.9%; n=100).
The majority of participants stated they had tried to lose weight before (64.6%; n=84). The most common weight loss methods were cutting down on fast foods/takeaways (67.9%; n=57) (p=0.001) and exercising (63.1%; n=53). A significant number of nurses agreed that they were role models to their patients (70.8%; n=92) and believed it was important for a nurse to have an ideal body weight (92.3%; n=120). The majority of participants skipped meals (83.8%; n=109) with the only significantly skipped meal being breakfast (63.3%; n=69). A significant number of participants prepared their own meals at home (84.6%; n=110). Participants significantly agreed that time [M (mean)=3.98; p<0.0005], cost (M=3.26; p=0.021), emotions/stress (M=3.61; p<0.0005) and convenience (M=3.38; p<0.0005) were factors that influenced their meal choices. There was significant agreement that a lack of time to prepare meals (M=3.69; p<0.0005), lack of time to eat at work (M=4.04; p<0.0005), emotions/stress (M=3.30; p<0.0010) and healthy food not being available to buy at work (M=3.22; p<0.0036), were factors preventing nurses from eating healthily. The most common food item bought at the hospital cafeteria was pies (21.5%; n=17). Fruit (52.3%; n=68), sweets (34.6%; n=45) and sugar-sweetened soft drinks (32.3%; n=42) were consumed at least once a day.
The mean BMI for females (33.6 kg/m2) was significantly higher than that for males (28.1 kg/m2) (p=0.043). Most male participants had a WC above 94 cm (63.6%; n=7), while the majority of females (88.2%; n=105) had a WC above 80 cm. The mean BMI for non-smokers (BMI=33.8 kg/m2) was significantly higher than that of smokers (29.6 kg/m2) (p=0.030). A higher BMI was associated with less snacking. The mean BMI for those who skipped supper (36.3 kg/m2) was significantly higher than for those who ate supper (32.0 kg/m2) (p=0.013). The mean BMI for those who skipped meals (33.8 kg/m2) was significantly higher than for those who did not skip meals (29.6 kg/m2) (p=0.005).
The FFQ showed that the starches most frequently consumed were brown and white bread/rolls, white rice, phutu (crumbly maize meal porridge) and potatoes without skin. Sweets, chips (crisps), biscuits and chocolates were also frequently eaten. In the meat, poultry, fish, eggs and meat substitutes group, eggs, processed meats and chicken cuts with skin were frequently
(n=65) of participants exercised. A significant number (63.1%; n=82) indicated that they were not satisfied with their body shape/size and did not feel that they were at a healthy body weight (60%; n=78). The majority of participants underestimated their BMI using the Stunkard figure rating scale (76.9%; n=100).
The majority of participants stated they had tried to lose weight before (64.6%; n=84). The most common weight loss methods were cutting down on fast foods/takeaways (67.9%; n=57) (p=0.001) and exercising (63.1%; n=53). A significant number of nurses agreed that they were role models to their patients (70.8%; n=92) and believed it was important for a nurse to have an ideal body weight (92.3%; n=120). The majority of participants skipped meals (83.8%; n=109) with the only significantly skipped meal being breakfast (63.3%; n=69). A significant number of participants prepared their own meals at home (84.6%; n=110). Participants significantly agreed that time [M (mean)=3.98; p<0.0005], cost (M=3.26; p=0.021), emotions/stress (M=3.61; p<0.0005) and convenience (M=3.38; p<0.0005) were factors that influenced their meal choices. There was significant agreement that a lack of time to prepare meals (M=3.69; p<0.0005), lack of time to eat at work (M=4.04; p<0.0005), emotions/stress (M=3.30; p<0.0010) and healthy food not being available to buy at work (M=3.22; p<0.0036), were factors preventing nurses from eating healthily. The most common food item bought at the hospital cafeteria was pies (21.5%; n=17). Fruit (52.3%; n=68), sweets (34.6%; n=45) and sugar-sweetened soft drinks (32.3%; n=42) were consumed at least once a day.
The mean BMI for females (33.6 kg/m2) was significantly higher than that for males (28.1 kg/m2) (p=0.043). Most male participants had a WC above 94 cm (63.6%; n=7), while the majority of females (88.2%; n=105) had a WC above 80 cm. The mean BMI for non-smokers (BMI=33.8 kg/m2) was significantly higher than that of smokers (29.6 kg/m2) (p=0.030). A higher BMI was associated with less snacking. The mean BMI for those who skipped supper (36.3 kg/m2) was significantly higher than for those who ate supper (32.0 kg/m2) (p=0.013). The mean BMI for those who skipped meals (33.8 kg/m2) was significantly higher than for those who did not skip meals (29.6 kg/m2) (p=0.005).
The FFQ showed that the starches most frequently consumed were brown and white bread/rolls, white rice, phutu (crumbly maize meal porridge) and potatoes without skin. Sweets, chips (crisps), biscuits and chocolates were also frequently eaten. In the meat, poultry, fish, eggs and meat substitutes group, eggs, processed meats and chicken cuts with skin were frequently
consumed. The fruit and vegetables most frequently consumed were non-starchy vegetables, fresh fruit and fruit juice. Full cream milk, sunflower oil, tub/soft margarine and cheddar cheese were the dairy and fats eaten most often. Tea and water were consumed more often than sugar-sweetened beverages. Overall, the most frequently consumed foods were full cream milk, sunflower oil, tea, white sugar, fresh fruit, brown sugar, brown bread/rolls, tub/soft margarine, sweets and white bread/rolls.
Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the participants. According to WC, the majority of nurses had an increased risk for metabolic complications. However, most participants were not diagnosed with a NCD. Factors associated with a high BMI included being female, not smoking, skipping meals, skipping supper, less snacking and cost of meals. Nurses consumed both healthy and unhealthy foods. Overall, there was a higher intake of carbohydrates and protein and a lower intake of dietary fibre. Despite the many hours that they spend caring for patients, nurses should also pay attention to their own health and well-being. Nurses should be supported in their efforts to achieve and maintain a healthy weight and lead a healthy lifestyle
Deltamethrin resistance in the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer): Maternal inheritance and reduced apoptosis
publishedVersio
Gene expression and gastrointestinal function is altered in piglet small intestine by weaning and inclusion of Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a protein source
This study investigated the effect of feeding Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast on the development of gastrointestinal function and health in piglets during the first two challenging weeks after weaning. Changes in gastrointestinal function were mainly attributed to weaning, and not to dietary treatment. The post-weaning (PW) transcriptome profiles differed between dietary treatments showing an overall higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in control piglets than in yeast-fed piglets. DEGs in jejunum and ileum were compared between sampling timepoints within each feeding group and divided into clusters with similar expression trends. Pathway enrichment analysis was run on each cluster to reveal PW physiological changes. Weaning induced downregulation of several immune functions in the control piglets, which was not as evident in the yeast fed piglets. The results indicate that feeding C. jadinii yeast can improve PW gut homeostasis and give more robust piglets.publishedVersio
Towards population genomics in non-model species with large genomes : a case study of the marine zooplankton Calanus finmarchicus
publishedVersio
Quantitative analyses of the hepatic proteome of methylmercury-exposed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) suggest oxidative stress-mediated effects on cellular energy metabolism
Seeking an immortality through love : the reading of Oscar Wilde’s the picture of Dorian Gray and Angela Carter‘s the passion of new eve as appropriations of platonic ideals
This essay explores the idea of the immortality of love as discussed in Plato's Symposium. Dealing in depth with Aristophanes and Diotima's ideology in the subject matter, it explores the origin of the contemporary notion of heterosexual, homosexual relationships and how this acts towards attaining immortality in the beauty that Diotima suggests should be the result of love. Using this as the fundamental claim, the thesis proceeds to analyse how authors utilise this notion of sexuality in producing the wholesome ideal of love. The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde and The Passion of New Eve by Angela Carter take precedence with both novels being read as appropriations of Plato's theory with a conclusion of how immortality is only truly attained in a stage that transcends the material classifications. Thus depicting that ideal reproduction of love is not by one whole but in fact of two which presents multiplicity and infinite possibilities of reproduction so as to attain immortality.Bachelor of Art
Role of Environmental Contaminants in the Etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review
Effects of long-term feeding of rapeseed meal on skeletal muscle transcriptome, production efficiency and meat quality traits in Norwegian Landrace growing-finishing pigs
publishedVersio
Mitochondrial Metabolism, Redox, and Calcium Homeostasis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, secondary to sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and excessive obliterative pulmonary vascular remodeling. Work over the last decade has led to the identification of a critical role for metabolic reprogramming in the PAH pathogenesis. It is becoming clear that in addition to its role in ATP generation, the mitochondrion is an important organelle that regulates complex and integrative metabolic- and signal transduction pathways. This review focuses on mitochondrial metabolism alterations that occur in deranged pulmonary vessels and the right ventricle, including abnormalities in glycolysis and glucose oxidation, fatty acid oxidation, glutaminolysis, redox homeostasis, as well as iron and calcium metabolism. Further understanding of these mitochondrial metabolic mechanisms could provide viable therapeutic approaches for PAH patients
Recommended from our members
The mitochondrial redistribution of eNOS is involved in lipopolysaccharide induced inflammasome activation during acute lung injury
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating clinical syndrome with no effective therapies. Inflammasome activation has been reported to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of ALI. The molecular mechanisms involved in regulating the activation of inflammasome in ALI remains unresolved, although increases in mitochondrial derived reactive oxygen species (mito-ROS) are involved. Our previous work has shown that the mitochondrial redistribution of uncoupled eNOS impairs mitochondrial bioenergetics and increases mito-ROS generation. Thus, the focus of our study was to determine if lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammasome activation involves the mitochondrial redistribution of uncoupled eNOS. Our data show that the increase in mito-ROS involved in LPS-mediated inflammasome activation is associated with the disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) and the mitochondrial redistribution of eNOS. These effects are dependent on RhoA-ROCK signaling and are mediated via increased phosphorylation of eNOS at Threonine (T)-495. A derivative of the mitochondrial targeted Szeto-Schiller peptide (SSP) attached to the antioxidant Tiron (T-SSP), significantly attenuated LPS-mediated mito-ROS generation and inflammasome activation in HLMVEC. Further, T-SSP attenuated mitochondrial superoxide production in a mouse model of sepsis induced ALI. This in turn significantly reduced the inflammatory response and attenuated lung injury. Thus, our findings show that the mitochondrial redistribution of uncoupled eNOS is intimately involved in the activation of the inflammatory response in ALI and implicate attenuating mito-ROS as a therapeutic strategy in humans.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
- …