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The Influence of Patient Exposure to Breast Reconstruction Approaches and Education on Patient Choices in Breast Cancer Treatment.
BackgroundThe landscape of surgical and medical management and patient choices for breast cancer treatment changes as breast reconstruction and oncoplastic approaches improve and diversify. Increased access to breast reconstruction, in addition to patient education, influences the breast cancer patient. Therefore, the examination of the possible impact of reconstructive surgery on all stages of the breast cancer management per se seemed timely.MethodsPlastic surgery consults were arranged for 520 new patients diagnosed with breast cancer (2012-2016) including patients with noninvasive breast cancer but at high risk of further cancer development. To test the plastic surgery impact on patient choices regarding the management of the cancer, a subset of 90 patients was identified to test the plastic surgery impact on patient choices. These patients were referred to plastic surgery, following the first round of consultations by surgical and medical oncologists with only the preliminary oncological management plan defined. After a plastic surgery consultation, but prior to finalization of the overall oncological management plan, they were surveyed on the subject of modification of their personal choices and requests pertaining to their cancer management.ResultsIn this subset of 90 patients 40 (44%) returned to their surgical or medical oncologist considering changes of the primary management plan after their plastic surgery consultation. Twenty-six (28%) ultimately altered their plan, and the following patient-driven changes were made: mastectomy as opposed to lumpectomy (18 patients [20%]), contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (11 patients [12%]), nipple/areola removal as opposed to nipple/areola sparing suggested by the oncologists (5 patients [6%]), oncoplastic breast reduction as part of lumpectomy (5 patients [6%]), and other modifications (3 patients [3%]).ConclusionsDecisions for altering the preliminary oncologic plan or choosing a specific alternative (eg, lumpectomy plus radiation vs mastectomy) resulted from patient education on (1) reconstructive options, (2) aesthetic pitfalls and results. and (3) their interfacing with the oncological outcomes. Ultimately, plastic surgeons influence the multispecialty breast cancer management and patient decision-making process. Therefore, oncological literacy for plastic surgeons is essential to provide state-of-the-art breast cancer care and avoidance of suboptimal patient decisions
Asset Liability Management of Conventional and Islamic Banks in Malaysia
The objective of the paper is to investigate the effect of asset liability management on the financial performance of 6 conventional and 6 Islamic banks in Malaysia during the period of 2010 to 2013. The variables used in the study are capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earnings quality, liquidity, size of bank and degree of risk aversion in relation to asset liability management to examine the return on equity (ROE), which is the measure of profitability of the banks. The quantitative analysis using correlation and regression analysis concluded that there is a positive relationship between asset liability management and the financial performance of the banks.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v9i1.333
Tree species composition, growing space and management in Hong Kong’s commercial sky gardens
Sky gardens, a type of above-ground urban green space, have been increasingly welcomed and installed in cities. However, few studies have assessed tree planting, management and health in high-rise greenery. This study investigated tree species composition, planting space design and management, and their relationships with tree health in sky gardens in 15 commercial sky gardens with 480 trees in Hong Kong. We assessed the differences between old and new sites regarding tree species, height, crown diameter, and health. We also evaluated selected planting and management factors, including planter type, distance to neighbor trees, root-growth obstacles, canopy barriers, canopy overlap and topping history. Tree species selection in commercial sky gardens was substantially different from public and private residential green spaces. Older sky gardens had more palm trees by species and tree counts. Newer gardens had increased adoption of broadleaf and conifer species with high ornamental value and compact form but fewer native tree species and lower species diversity. The widely planted Ficus spp. had created long-term management issues. Trees were often densely planted, particularly in newer sky gardens. The common practice of topping indicates poor species selection and mismanagement. Planter types with insufficient growing space had dampened tree health. Our findings reveal the trend of tree species adoption, narrower planting spaces and wider adoption of the sunken planter. Improvements in species selection, growing space design and management practices could promote healthy, stable and safe trees in sky gardens with contributions to biodiversity and other ecosystem services
Optical studies of carrier and phonon dynamics in Ga_{1-x}Mn_{x}As
We present a time-resolved optical study of the dynamics of carriers and
phonons in Ga_{1-x}Mn_{x}As layers for a series of Mn and hole concentrations.
While band filling is the dominant effect in transient optical absorption in
low-temperature-grown (LT) GaAs, band gap renormalization effects become
important with increasing Mn concentration in Ga_{1-x}Mn_{x}As, as inferred
from the sign of the absorption change. We also report direct observation on
lattice vibrations in Ga1-xMnxAs layers via reflective electro-optic sampling
technique. The data show increasingly fast dephasing of LO phonon oscillations
for samples with increasing Mn and hole concentration, which can be understood
in term of phonon scattering by the holes.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures replaced Fig.1 after finding a mistake in
previous versio
Polarization dependence of coherent phonon generation and detection in highly-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes
We have investigated the polarization dependence of the generation and
detection of radial breathing mode (RBM) coherent phonons (CP) in
highly-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes. Using polarization-dependent
pump-probe differential-transmission spectroscopy, we measured RBM CPs as a
function of angle for two different geometries. In Type I geometry, the pump
and probe polarizations were fixed, and the sample orientation was rotated,
whereas, in Type II geometry, the probe polarization and sample orientation
were fixed, and the pump polarization was rotated. In both geometries, we
observed a very nearly complete quenching of the RBM CPs when the pump
polarization was perpendicular to the nanotubes. For both Type I and II
geometries, we have developed a microscopic theoretical model to simulate CP
generation and detection as a function of polarization angle and found that the
CP signal decreases as the angle goes from 0 degrees (parallel to the tube) to
90 degrees (perpendicular to the tube). We compare theory with experiment in
detail for RBM CPs created by pumping at the E44 optical transition in an
ensemble of single-walled carbon nanotubes with a diameter distribution
centered around 3 nm, taking into account realistic band structure and
imperfect nanotube alignment in the sample
Chirality-Selective Excitation of Coherent Phonons in Carbon Nanotubes
Using pre-designed trains of femtosecond optical pulses, we have selectively
excited coherent phonons of the radial breathing mode of specific-chirality
single-walled carbon nanotubes within an ensemble sample. By analyzing the
initial phase of the phonon oscillations, we prove that the tube diameter
initially increases in response to ultrafast photoexcitation. Furthermore, from
excitation profiles, we demonstrate that an excitonic absorption peak of carbon
nanotubes periodically oscillates as a function of time when the tube diameter
undergoes radial breathing mode oscillations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Resonant Coherent Phonon Spectroscopy of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy with pulse shaping techniques, one
can generate and detect coherent phonons in chirality-specific semiconducting
single-walled carbon nanotubes. The signals are resonantly enhanced when the
pump photon energy coincides with an interband exciton resonance, and analysis
of such data provides a wealth of information on the chirality-dependence of
light absorption, phonon generation, and phonon-induced band structure
modulations. To explain our experimental results, we have developed a
microscopic theory for the generation and detection of coherent phonons in
single-walled carbon nanotubes using a tight-binding model for the electronic
states and a valence force field model for the phonons. We find that the
coherent phonon amplitudes satisfy a driven oscillator equation with the
driving term depending on photoexcited carrier density. We compared our
theoretical results with experimental results on mod 2 nanotubes and found that
our model provides satisfactory overall trends in the relative strengths of the
coherent phonon signal both within and between different mod 2 families. We
also find that the coherent phonon intensities are considerably weaker in mod 1
nanotubes in comparison with mod~2 nanotubes, which is also in excellent
agreement with experiment.Comment: 21 pages, 22 figure
The Red-Sequence Luminosity Function in Galaxy Clusters since z~1
We use a statistical sample of ~500 rich clusters taken from 72 square
degrees of the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS-1) to study the evolution of
~30,000 red-sequence galaxies in clusters over the redshift range 0.35<z<0.95.
We construct red-sequence luminosity functions (RSLFs) for a well-defined,
homogeneously selected, richness limited sample. The RSLF at higher redshifts
shows a deficit of faint red galaxies (to M_V=> -19.7) with their numbers
increasing towards the present epoch. This is consistent with the `down-sizing`
picture in which star-formation ended at earlier times for the most massive
(luminous) galaxies and more recently for less massive (fainter) galaxies. We
observe a richness dependence to the down-sizing effect in the sense that, at a
given redshift, the drop-off of faint red galaxies is greater for poorer (less
massive) clusters, suggesting that star-formation ended earlier for galaxies in
more massive clusters. The decrease in faint red-sequence galaxies is
accompanied by an increase in faint blue galaxies, implying that the process
responsible for this evolution of faint galaxies is the termination of
star-formation, possibly with little or no need for merging. At the bright end,
we also see an increase in the number of blue galaxies with increasing
redshift, suggesting that termination of star-formation in higher mass galaxies
may also be an important formation mechanism for higher mass ellipticals. By
comparing with a low-redshift Abell Cluster sample, we find that the
down-sizing trend seen within RCS-1 has continued to the local universe.Comment: ApJ accepted. 11 pages, 5 figure
Holographic two dimensional QCD and Chern-Simons term
We present a holographic realization of large Nc massless QCD in two
dimensions using a D2/D8 brane construction. The flavor axial anomaly is dual
to a three dimensional Chern-Simons term which turns out to be of leading
order, and it affects the meson spectrum and holographic renormalization in
crucial ways. The massless flavor bosons that exist in the spectrum are found
to decouple from the heavier mesons, in agreement with the general lore of
non-Abelian bosonization. We also show that an external dynamical photon
acquires a mass through the three dimensional Chern-Simons term as expected
from the Schwinger mechanism. Massless two dimensional QCD at large Nc exhibits
anti-vector-meson dominance due to the axial anomaly.Comment: 22 page
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