Transcriptomic analysis of gene expression in mice treated with troxerutin.

Troxerutin, a semi-synthetic derivative of the natural bioflavanoid rutin, has been reported to possess many beneficial effects in human bodies, such as vasoprotection, immune support, anti-inflammation and anti-aging. However, the effects of troxerutin on genome-wide transcription in blood cells are still unknown. In order to find out effects of troxerutin on gene transcription, a high-throughput RNA sequencing was employed to analysis differential gene expression in blood cells consisting of leucocytes, erythrocytes and platelets isolated from the mice received subcutaneous injection of troxerutin. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the expression of only fifteen genes was significantly changed by the treatment with troxerutin, among which 5 genes were up-regulated and 10 genes were down-regulated. Bioinformatic analysis of the fifteen differentially expressed genes was made by utilizing the Gene Ontology (GO), and the differential expression induced by troxerutin was further evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR)

Profiling of Differential Expression of Genes in Mice Carrying Both Mutant Presenilin 1 and Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenes with or without Knockout of Β2 Adrenergic Receptor Gene

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a lifelong progressive neurodegenerativa disease related with accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) produced by processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the brain. In spite of several-decades effort on AD, there is still no medicine used to intervene with its pathological processes. Our previous studies made in transgenic animal models harboring familial AD genes of mutant presenilin 1 and amyloid precursor protein (APP) showed that β2AR gene knock-out (β2AR-KO) is beneficial in senile AD animals. Consistently, an epidemiological study lasted for two decades showed that the sole usage of β blockers as antihypertensive medicines is associated with fewer brain lesions and less brain shrinkage seen in senile AD patients. In order to understand why senile β2AR-KO AD mice had better learning and memory, genomic effects of β2AR-KO in the double transgenic AD mice were investigated. In the analysis, major genomic significance of β2AR-KO was directed to influence protein-processing and presentation involving membrane structure and MHC class I and II protein complex, and lysosome and hydrolase activity for protein degradation, which are critical for accumulation of amyloid β peptide, the hallmark of AD

Transcriptomic analysis of gene expression in mice treated with troxerutin

<div><p>Troxerutin, a semi-synthetic derivative of the natural bioflavanoid rutin, has been reported to possess many beneficial effects in human bodies, such as vasoprotection, immune support, anti-inflammation and anti-aging. However, the effects of troxerutin on genome-wide transcription in blood cells are still unknown. In order to find out effects of troxerutin on gene transcription, a high-throughput RNA sequencing was employed to analysis differential gene expression in blood cells consisting of leucocytes, erythrocytes and platelets isolated from the mice received subcutaneous injection of troxerutin. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the expression of only fifteen genes was significantly changed by the treatment with troxerutin, among which 5 genes were up-regulated and 10 genes were down-regulated. Bioinformatic analysis of the fifteen differentially expressed genes was made by utilizing the Gene Ontology (GO), and the differential expression induced by troxerutin was further evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR).</p></div

Directed acyclic graph (DAG) for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the biological process (BP) ontology.

<p>Directed acyclic graph (DAG) for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the biological process (BP) ontology.</p

Directed acyclic graph (DAG) for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the cellular component (CC) ontology.

<p>Directed acyclic graph (DAG) for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the cellular component (CC) ontology.</p

Q-PCR primers.

<p>Q-PCR primers.</p

Gene Ontology (GO) classification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

<p>DEGs are classified into three major domains: biological process (BP), cellular component (CC) and molecular function (MF). The left y-axis indicates the percentage of a specific category of genes in a domain. The right y-axis indicates the number of genes in the category. (Con, control group; YR, experimental group).</p

Pleiotropic effects of troxerutin.

<p>Pleiotropic effects of troxerutin.</p

Reads coverage mapping to the reference genome of Kunming (Swiss) mice.

<p>C1, C2 and C3 represent control groups that received injection of normal saline (NS), and YR1, YR2 and YR3 represent experimental groups that received subcutaneous injection of TX dissolved in NS at a dose of 130 mg/kg, twice daily. Blue, green and orange refer to intergenic, exon and intron region respectively.</p

Q-PCR for nine differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

<p>Relative gene expression was normalized by comparison with the expression of β-actin, and calculated using the 2^−ΔΔCT. (C, control group; TX, troxerutin, s.c. injected at a dose of 130 mg/kg, twice daily. *P < 0.05 and ** P<0.01 vs control group, N = 6–8).</p