A New Approach to Surgical Gowns

Emerging diseases such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, SARS, and most recently the Covid 19 epidemic have increased the importance of hygiene in the world, bringing the need for personal protective equipment (PPE) to the forefront. An important part of PPE in healthcare is surgical gowns, which are worn by doctors and nurses in the operating room to serve a dual function of preventing the transmission of microorganisms and body fluids from surgical staff to patients and from patients to staff. This chapter presents the history and importance of surgical gowns. The factors to be considered in the selection of surgical gowns are discussed. The model characteristics and fabric properties of surgical gowns currently on the market and the environmental impact of reusable and disposable gowns are outlined. Finally, shortcomings in available gowns are discussed, a new knitted surgical gown design is introduced, and recommendations are given in the final section. The chapter provides broad coverage of surgical gowns for both experienced readers and those new to the field

Does the Change in the Indications of Endoscopic Sinonasal Surgery Continue? Data between 1994-2018

Objective: Endoscopic sinonasal surgery (ESS) has changing over the years in parallel with the developments in endoscopy devices, video-imaging techniques, and surgical instruments. In the present study we investigated whether the indications of patients who underwent surgery over a period of 25 years have accommodated to these changes.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 1173 patients who underwent surgery in our clinic from 1994 through 2007, and 954 patients who underwent surgery from 2008 through 2018. The patients were divided into three groups as follows: chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP), chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps (CRSsNP), and others. The changes in the indications during the first 14 years and the following 11 years were compared, and the results were statistically evaluated.Results: A significant decrease was observed in the number of patients who underwent surgery following the diagnosis of CRSsNP (p<0.001). In addition, a statistically significant increase was found in CRSwNP (p<0.001) and other (p<0.001) indications.Conclusion: When ESS indications identified in our clinic were reviewed, it was observed that the increasing trend in CRSwNP rate in the first 14 years continued, there was a significant increase in non-CRS indications in the last 11 years, and there has been an increase in patients with fungal sinusitis, especially in this group

COVID-19 in pediatric nephrology centers in Turkey

Background/aim: There is limited data on COVID-19 disease in children with kidney disease. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 in pediatric nephrology patients in Turkey. Materials and methods: This was a national, multicenter, retrospective cohort study based on an online survey evaluating the data between 11th March 2020 and 11th March 2021 as an initial step of a detailed pediatric nephrology COVID-19 registry. Results: Two hundred and three patients (89 girls and 114 boys) were diagnosed with COVID-19. One-third of these patients (36.9%) were between 10–15 years old. Half of the patients were on kidney replacement therapy: kidney transplant (KTx) recipients (n = 56, 27.5%), patients receiving chronic hemodialysis (n = 33, 16.3%) and those on peritoneal dialysis (PD) (n = 18, 8.9%). Fifty-four (26.6%) children were asymptomatic. Eighty-two (40.3%) patients were hospitalized and 23 (28%) needed intensive care unit admission. Fifty-five percent of the patients were not treated, while the remaining was given favipiravir (20.7%), steroid (16.3%), and hydroxychloroquine (11.3%). Acute kidney injury developed in 19.5% of hospitalized patients. Five (2.4%) had MIS-C. Eighty-three percent of the patients were discharged without any apparent sequelae, while 7 (3.4%) died. One hundred and eight health care staff were infected during the study period. Conclusion: COVID-19 was most commonly seen in patients who underwent KTx and received HD. The combined immunosuppressive therapy and frequent exposure to the hospital setting may increase these patients’ susceptibility. Staff infections before vaccination era were alarming, various precautions should be taken for infection control, particularly optimal vaccination coverage

Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi. Mimarlık Bölümü Mimarlık egitimi sistemi üzerine bir çalışma, 1956-1980.

This thesis explores the system of architectural education in the Middle East Technical University Department of Architecture between 1956 and 1980. The formation and the transformation of the system of architectural education in the school are investigated with references to the evolution of the social, political, economic and architectural context of Turkey in the period and the systems of architectural education applied in the country. The education in the Department of Architecture not only formed its system according to the Bauhaus program as applied in the postwar American context, but also transformed it with changing architectural theory and the design methodology. Both the school's system of architectural education and the institutional identity established by the school provided significant contributions to the institutionalization of architectural education in Turkey. Besides, in the following decades, the school's system of education became basic model for other institutions in the country in re-structuring their systems. In this respect, by focusing on the M.E.T.U. Department of Architecture's system of architectural education, this study aims to be a history of the Middle East Technical University and the social, political, economic and architectural context of the period as well.Bu tez, 1956-1980 yılları arasında Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Bölümü’ndeki mimarlık eğitimi sistemini incelemektedir. Bu okulun mimarlık eğitimi sisteminin oluşumu ve dönüşümü, bu dönemdeki Türkiye’nin sosyal, politik, ekonomik ve mimari bağlamların ve mimari eğitim sistemlerinin evrimlerini referans alarak araştırılmıştır. Mimarlık Bölümünün eğitimi yalnızca İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası Amerikan bağlamındaki Bauhaus programına göre oluşmamış, fakat aynı zamanda değişen mimarlık teorisi ve design metodları ile dönüşmüştür. Bu çerçeve vi içerisinde, gerek okulun mimarlık eğitim sistemi, gerek oluşturduğu kurumsal kimlik, Türkiye’de mimarlık eğitiminin kurumsallaşmasına önemli katkılar sağlamıştır. Ayrıca, sonraki yıllarda, okulun eğitim sistemi ülkedeki diğer kurumlar için sistemlerini yeniden yapılandırmada ana model olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Bölümü’nün mimarlık eğitimi sistemine odaklanan bu tez, aynı zamanda bu üniversitenin ve dönemin sosyal, politik, ekonomik ve mimari bağlamının tarihçesi niteliğini taşımaktadır.M.A. - Master of Art

Conus medullaris syndrome due to spinal cord iscemia: case report

Conus medullaris syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by symmetrical weakness in the legs, sensory loss and urinary and fecal incontinence. At the conus level, ischemia, hemorrhage, tumor or compression may result this clinical entity. In this article, we wanted to present 71 years old patient who had bilateral acute leg weakness, urinary and fecal incontinence and it was detected the findings of spinal ischemia at spinal images

Kapilar Sistemde Salata-Marul Yetiştiriciliğinde Mikoriza Uygulaması

Subirrigation, where water is applied from bottom of the plant root zone and risen with capillary forces through substrate profile is one of the promising applications of soilless culture because of its important advantages such as it isclosed system, saves water and fertilizer, causes no-runoff and not required any disinfection. However, the system has salinity risk in root zone. In order to be able to use nutrients in the nutrient solution and to tolerate salt stress in subirrigation system, roots should be well-grown. Hence, endo-mycorrhiza (vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza, VAM) was used in this research and the effects of mycorrhiza (with mycorrhiza: M(+), 250 kg/ha, and without mycorrhiza: M(-), Control) inoculation on lettuce (Yedikule: cv. Velvet and Iceberg: cv. Bombola) growing in different substrates (perlite, cocopeat and klinoptilolite) was aimed. Subirrigation system which is commercially registered as Autopot was used as the growing system. The effects of treatments on plant growth, yield and quality were determined. Results obtained showed that mycorrhiza inoculation increased root colonization which varied by different substrates and promoted plant growth and yield; reduced leaf nitrate content. Although there were no significant differences among cultivars, cocopeat showed better performance in all measured parameters among tested substrates. It was concluded that lettuce can be grown successfully in subirrigated systems if as growing media cocopeat inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi.Kapilar sistemler, besin çözeltisinin bitkiye alttan verildiği sistemler olup; kapalı sistemler olması, su ve gübre tasarrufu sağlaması, besin çözeltisinin dezenfeksiyon gereğini ortadan kaldırması, diğer topraksız tarım sistemlerine göre ucuz olması gibi önemli avantajları nedeniyle gelecek için umut verici uygulamalardır. Ancak ortamda tuz birikimi riski gibi olumsuzlukları da söz konusudur. Kapilar sistemlerde bitki köklerinin besin çözeltisinden yararlanabilmesi ve tuz stresini tolere edebilmesi için iyi bir kök gelişimi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle araştırmada kapilar sistemde bitki kök gelişimini arttırmak için endo-mikoriza (vesikular arbüsküler mikoriza, VAM) kullanılmış (Mikorizalı: M(+), 250 kg/ha ve mikorizasız: M(-), Kontrol) ve farklı yetiştirme ortamlarında (perlit, klinoptilolit ve Hindistan cevizi torfu) marul (Yedikule, cv.Velvet) ve baş salata (Iceberg, cv. Bombola) yetiştiriciliğine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Denemede ticari olarak AutoPot olarak adlandırılan kapilar sistem kullanılmıştır. Uygulamaların bitki gelişimi, baş ağırlığı ve kalitesine etkileri saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, ortama mikoriza inokulasyonunun kullanılan ortamlara göre değişmekle beraber, kök mikoriza kolonizasyonunu arttırarak, bitki gelişimi ve verim değerlerini arttırdığını, yaprakların nitrat içeriğini azalttığını göstermiştir. Kullanılan çeşitler arasında önemli bir fark görülmezken, ortamlar arasında Hindistan cevizi torfu ölçülen tüm parametrelerde en yüksek değerlere sahip olarak ön plana çıkmıştır. Hindistan cevizi torfu + mikoriza inokulasyonunun kapilar sistemlerde salata- marul üretiminde başarılı şekilde kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir