Tourist shopping behavior : a case of Shanghai outbound tourists / Yingzhi Guo...[et al.]

Shopping is an important tourist activity and its contribution to the economy is significant. For many visitors no trip is complete without having spent time shopping and tourists often feel they cannot return home without buying “something”. This research explored the basic shopping behaviour model of Shanghai outbound tourists. Data from 65 respondents were collected using the convenient sampling method. The motivations of Shanghai outbound tourists’ shopping behaviour were presented in seven dimensions including function, gift giving, affection, curiosity, scarcity, memory and cultural orientations. Quality, brand, shortage of specific goods in China’s domestic market, the lower price of goods in the outbound market and the convenient payments in the destinations are important attributes that spark their shopping behaviours. This outcome has at least had significant implications for tour operators and marketers to understand the needs of Chinese outbound tourists

Geochronology and geochemistry of the Shanagen hydrothermal vein-type Mo deposit in Derbugan metallogenic belt of the NE China and their geological significance

The Shanagen hydrothermal vein-type Mo deposit belongs to the Derbugan metallogenic belt, which is located in the Ergun block, NE China. The Mo mineralization is mainly developed in sericitized quartz siltstone around alkali-feldspar granite. In this paper, we present Molybdenite Re–Os dating, zircon U–Pb dating and geochemical data with the aim of determining metallogenic epoch and tectonic setting. Molybdenite Re–Os and zircon U–Pb dating of the alkali-feldspar granite indicate that the ore-formation and alkali-feldspar granite emplacement occurred at 143.1 ± 3.8 Ma, and 144.7 ± 0.7 Ma. Both were formed in the early Cretaceous. Chemically, the alkali-feldspar granites are enriched in L rare earth element and LILEs, depleted in H rare earth element and HFSEs, and pronounced negative Eu anomalies, are metaluminous and belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series and highly differentiated I-type granite. Geochemical features and concave upwards rare earth element pattern imply that alkali-feldspar granites were formed from magma generated by partial melting of lower crust. Combining the geochemistry, chronology, and the regional tectonic evolution, we infer that Shanagen hydrothermal vein-type Mo deposit was formed the extensional environment after the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean

The effect of maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on glycolipid metabolism of offspring rats and the improvement of vitamin D intervention after weaning

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is common, but whether maternal vitamin D status affects glycolipid metabolism of offspring remains unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on the glycolipid metabolism of offspring at different life-cycles (from birth to adulthood) and to explore the improvement of different dosages of vitamin D supplementation.MethodsSprague–Dawley rats were fed vitamin D-deprived (VDD group) or standard vitamin D diets (SC group) during pregnancy, and their diets were changed to standard vitamin D diets during lactation (the offspring were sorted into VDDoffspring and SCoffspring groups). After weaning, rats in the VDDoffspring group were randomly assigned to the VDDoffspring, VDDoffspring-S3300 and VDDoffspring-S10000 groups with diets containing standard, medium and high dosages of vitamin D for 12 wk. Serum was collected for biochemical analyses at postnatal Day 21, postnatal Day 56 and postnatal Day 84. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at postnatal Day 70.ResultsCompared to SCoffspring, rats in the VDDoffspring group had significantly lower birth weight with faster weight gain and higher levels of lipid metabolism in early life. After near adulthood, the differences in weight and lipid metabolism between the two groups disappeared. OGTT showed significantly higher blood glucose levels in the VDDoffspring group at 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min. The continuation of vitamin D supplementation at medium and high dosages after weaning did not cause any obvious changes in weight or glycolipid metabolism (except for postprandial hyperglycemia). OGTT demonstrated that the glucose levels in the VDDoffspring-S3300 group were lowest at all the time points and that those in the VDDoffspring-S10000 group were the highest at 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min among the three groups.ConclusionThe adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on glycolipid metabolism in offspring vary in different stages. Over a long time period, adequate vitamin D supplementation is beneficial to glycolipid metabolism for the offspring of subjects with vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy; however, further improvement is required

Effect of delivery mode on postpartum pelvic floor function in primiparous women

Objective To evaluate the pelvic floor functional status of primiparous women undergoing different delivery modes within 2 years postpartum. Methods Primiparous women admitted to the Pelvic Floor Center of Department of Gynecology were enrolled in this study. All participants were divided into the vaginal delivery and cesarean section groups according to the delivery mode. General clinical data were collected. Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification （POP-Q），pelvic floor muscle strength and electromyographic analysis were performed. Chronic pelvic pain，urinary and bowel function were evaluated. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire -12 （PISQ-12），Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire （I-QOL），Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 （PFDI-20），and Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） were performed. The differences in pelvic floor anatomy and clinical symptoms in primiparous women were assessed between the vaginal delivery and cesarean section groups. Results A total of 521 primiparous women completed the survey，including 402 cases undergoing vaginal delivery and 119 receiving cesarean section. Primiparous women who underwent vaginal delivery had lower levels of anterior vaginal wall POP-Q，uterine/cervix POP-Q，ClassⅠmuscle strength，ClassⅡmuscle strength， pre-rest， ClassⅠelectromyography，ClassⅡelectromyography，and post-rest compared with those who underwent cesarean section （all P < 0.05）. Moreover，primiparous women who had vaginal delivery were more prone to experiencing stress urinary incontinence （SUI） and lower I-QOL score compared with those receiving cesarean section （both P < 0.05）. In terms of clinical manifestations such as chronic pelvic pain，bowel disorders，sexual dysfunction，and depressive status，there were no significant differences observed between two groups （all P > 0.05）. Conclusions Vaginal delivery may be a risk factor for the increased incidence of postpartum pelvic organ prolapse （POP） and SUI in primiparous women. In clinical practice， early postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation exercises or interventions should be emphasized for primiparous women，especially for the changes in urinary function

Rapid and Precise Molecular Nanofiltration Using Ultra-Thin-Film Membranes Derived from 6,6′-Dihydroxy-2,2′-biphenyldiamine

A key challenge in efficient molecular separation is fabricating large-scale, highly selective polymeric membranes with precise pore control at the molecular scale. Herein, a new contorted monomer 6,6′-dihydroxy-2,2′-biphenyldiamine (DHBIPDA) is introduced as a building block to generate cross-linked, ultra-thin microporous nanofilms (sub-10 nm) via interfacial polymerization, enabling rapid, and precise molecular nanofiltration. Using diacyl chloride (TPC) as the cross-linker instead of trimesoyl chloride (TMC) significantly reduces the pore sizes within the membranes and achieves a narrower pore distribution due to a semi-crystalline structure. The film structures are confirmed using comprehensive characterization techniques including wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), CO2 adsorption analysis, and molecular-scale simulation. The DHBIPDA/TPC and DHBIPDA/TMC membranes achieve methanol permeance values of up to 16.4 and 15.1 LMH bar−1 coupled with molecular weight cutoffs (MWCOs) as low as 283 and 306 Da, respectively. The DHBIPDA/TPC membrane demonstrates both higher permeance and higher selectivity compared to its relatively disordered counterpart DHBIPDA/TMC, consistent with characterization data. The DHBIPDA-derived membrane efficiently separates dye mixtures with similar molecular weights and enables effective recycling of organometallic homogeneous catalysts, suggesting its potential for industrial applications.</p

Case Report: A papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patient with skip lymph node metastasis and multiple distant metastasis

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is defined as PTC with a diameter less than 1 centimeter. Most lymph nodes of PTC patients have metastasized to the central neck, and a few lymph nodes have metastasized to the lateral neck. Skip lymph node metastasis, that is, lateral cervical lymph node metastasis without central lymph node metastasis, is even less common. Additionally, distant metastasis of PTMC is also rare, mainly occurring in the lung and bone. Here, we reported a case of PTMC patient with skip lymph node metastasis and multiple distant metastasis. The patient presented with a huge shoulder mass and the primary tumor was found to originate from the thyroid. However, the patient only suffered with PTMC via postoperative pathological results, and interestingly, the patient only had skip lymph node metastasis. Thus, we should focus on PTMC patients with lateral cervical lymph nodes metastasis, especially those with skip metastasis. In addition, this case provides a new perspective for us to understand of skip lymph metastasis and distant metastasis of PTMC

Development of Ag/MnCeOx catalysts synthesized with ethanol or water for HCHO decomposition at ambient temperature

Formaldehyde, one of important pollutants in the indoor air, has received increasing attention due to damage to human health. To mitigate formaldehyde pollution, MnCeOx mixed oxides were synthesized by solvothermal method with different solvents and complexing agents, including water or ethanol, and citric acid or glycol, and these catalysts were investigated to catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde at ambient temperature under a real indoor environment, as a super low concentration of indoor formaldehyde (1.0 ± 0.5 mg/m3) and the air under static condition. The result indicated that the MnCeOx catalysts prepared with ethanol exhibited higher activities than samples synthesized with H2O. Structure and performance analysis by BET, XRD, SEM, TEM, TG, Raman, XPS, H2-TPR, and O2-TPD displayed that the MnCeOx oxides synthesized with ethanol (instead of using water) greatly promoted the structure and reducibility, resulting in a high activity for HCHO degradation. More than 90% conversion for HCHO degradation was finished at 36 h and no deactivation could be detected by a series of tests. More importantly, the MnCeOx oxides supported by an increasing of Ag exhibited the increased activity. Promoting effect of Ag over the MnCeOx oxides indicated a strong interplay between Ag and MnCeOx greatly affected the property of Ag/MnCeOx catalysts. The HCHO concentration could be decreased to less than 0.08 mg/m3 at 24 h over 2.0 wt%Ag/MnCeOx (E/G). The performance improvement was ascribed to the high reducibility and high distribution of metallic silver, which could increase the surface active oxygen species and improve the oxygen mobility, and also could weaken the surface Mn–O bond

High CD8+tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes indicate severe exhaustion and poor prognosis in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma

BackgroundExhaustion of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), characterized by the overexpression of immune checkpoints (IC), is a major impediment to anti-tumor immunity. However, the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs in AITL and its influence on prognosis.MethodsThe correlation between CD8+TILs and IC expression in AITL was analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing (n = 2), flow cytometry (n = 20), and RNA sequencing (n = 20). Biological changes related to CD8+TILs exhaustion at different cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) levels (mean expression levels of CD8A, CD8B, GZMA, GZMB, and PRF1) in AITL were evaluated using RNA sequencing (n = 20) and further validated using the GEO dataset (n = 51). The impact of CD8 protein expression and CTL levels on patient prognosis was analyzed using flow cytometry and RNA sequencing, respectively.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that the higher the infiltration of CD8+TILs, the higher was the proportion of exhausted CD8+TILs characterized by the overexpression of multiple IC. This was accompanied by extensive exhaustion-related biological changes, which suggested severe exhaustion in CD8+TILs and may be one of the main reasons for the poor prognosis of patients with high CD8+TILs and CTL.ConclusionOur study comprehensively reveals the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs and their potential negative impact on AITL prognosis, which facilitates further mechanistic studies and is valuable for guiding immunotherapy strategies

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo