Active Follow-Up Decision In Prostate Cancer; How Safe is The Biopsy Gleason Score?

Aim:With the invention of prostate specific antigen, incidental prostate cancer rates increased significantly and the patients had to be exposed to unnecessary treatments. For those patients with incidental prostate cancer, active surveillance was introduced in the guidelines and has been applied to the patients. But, the pathological mismatch between the transrectal ultrasonography guided biopsy and the radical prostatectomy specimens may risk the patients who need curative treatment. In this study, we aimed to compare the Gleason scores between radical prostatectomy specimens and transrectal ultrasonography guided biopsy.Material-Methods:The data of the patients, who had radical prostatectomy in our clinic between March 2011 and June 2016, had been retrospectively evaluated. The PSA value before transrectal ultrasonography guided biopsy, biopsy core numbers, cancer positive biopsy core numbers, cancer percentage and Gleason scores at biopsy have been noted, and compared with the Gleason score after radical prostatectomy, tissue cancer ratio in prostatectomy specimen, surgical margins and pathologic stage.Results:The data of 44 patients were evaluated. The Gleason score was 7 at 1 (16,6%) patient in both transrectal ultrasonography guided biopsy and radical prostatectomy.Conclusion:There are differences between transrectal ultrasonography guided biopsy Gleason scores and the radical prostatectomy Gleason scores. This differences especially are obvious in patients with Gleason score <7. The reliability of gleason scores reported by the pathologists might be questionable so, in order to decide active surveillance for patients, other variables (core-tumor ratio, tumor core number, PSA) must also be considered

A new species and a new natural hybrid of Origanum L. (Lamiaceae) from the west of Turkey

Origanum ayliniae Dirmenci &amp; Yazıcı, which differs significantly from O. dictamnus L., is described for the first time in this paper. In addition, a new hybrid, O. &times; adae Dirmenci &amp; Yazıcı, between O. ayliniae and O. sipyleum L., is described and investigated in detail. The general morphology, pollen structure, chromosome features, and nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (rpl32) genomes of collected specimens were studied. O. &times; adae was determined to have some intermediate properties morphologically and palynologically that place it between the parents. Pollen size and shape were important features in the diagnosis of the hybrid and its parents in this study. The somatic chromosome number of O. ayliniae , O . &times; adae , and O. sipyleum was counted as 2n 30. According to the results of these different approaches, O. ayliniae differs significantly from O. dictamnus , which has a close relationship with O. ayliniae , and O. &times; adae has a hybrid nature. These results support previous reports for the speciation of Origanum members via hybridization. This study aimed to present a new species ( O. ayliniae ), a new hybrid of O. &times; adae , and their differences. In conclusion, O. ayliniae , O. &times; adae , and O. sipyleum provide significant morphological, micromorphological, palynological, cytological, and molecular information about homoploid hybridization

Hybrid fiber use on flexural behavior of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete beams

In this study, the flexural behavior of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) beams produced in mono and hybrid forms were investigated experimentally and numerically. Twelve doubly reinforced concrete beams were casted with four different reinforcement ratios representing low to excessive levels. The beams were produced in three groups to study the effects of mono and hybrid steel fiber usages. The first group beams of four are non-fiber beams while the second group contains only short-straight fiber of 13 mm. The last group is composed of hybrid form where the short-straight fiber of 13 mm and the long-hooked fiber of 60 mm were blended together. The beams were subjected to four-point loading, and the parameters of deflection and curvature ductilities, flexural stiffness, flexural moment capacity, cracking behavior and compressive strain were discussed. The test results indicated that the UHPFRC beams with high reinforcement ratios above the limits in current design codes provide remarkable benefits through the fibers' contribution. It can be deduced that the hybrid fiber usage showed better flexural performance, in general, comparing to the mono form. In addition, two numerical approaches were proposed to predict nominal moment capacity of the UHPFRC beams in the mono or hybrid form

Flexural Behavior of Beams with Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete

In this study, the effects of using Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) on ductility, load bearing capacity, flexural stiffness, failure mode and cracking behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams were experimentally investigated. 150x250x2500 mm test beams with rectangular cross sections were used. Straight micro and hooked macro steel fibers were used together in the concrete and average compressive strength of 163 MPa was achieved. A total of nine RC test beams, with and without fibers, consisting of four different tensile reinforcement ratios were tested under four point bending and their flexural behaviors were investigated. The results of the study showed that the use of UHPFRC in the beams provided significant advantages in terms of investigated parameters

Ultra Yüksek Performanslı Lifli Beton İçeren Kirişlerin Eğilme Davranışı

In this study, the effects of using Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) on ductility, load bearing capacity, flexural stiffness, failure mode and cracking behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams were experimentally investigated. 150x250x2500 mm test beams with rectangular cross sections were used. Straight micro and hooked macro steel fibers were used together in the concrete and average compressive strength of 163 MPa was achieved. A total of nine RC test beams, with and without fibers, consisting of four different tensile reinforcement ratios were tested under four point bending and their flexural behaviors were investigated. The results of the study showed that the use of UHPFRC in the beams provided significant advantages in terms of investigated parameters