Comparison the concepts of sense of place and attachment to place in architectural studies

Today, concepts such as place attachment, sense of place, meaning of place, place identity, and ... has devoted many studies In literature of architecture and urban design particularly in the field of environmental psychology. It is obvious that in all these concepts, various aspects of interaction between human and place and the impact that places have on people has been presented. This paper defines the concepts of sense of place and place attachment and explains the factors that affect them. Sense of place is a comprehensive concept which in it men feels places, percept them and attached meaning to them. Understanding the fundamental aspects of sense of place, can be effective in assess the level of public attachment to places and tendency of people to places. Place attachment refer to emotional and functional bonds between place and people which Interpreted in different scale from a district to a country in Environmental psychology. In this regard different studies point to varied of spatial and human factors. Review the literature, this paper achieves a comprehensive definition of these concepts and then it try to compare them to find their relationship. What will come eventually is that place attachment is one of the sense of place subsets. Thus in encounter of people and place if assume people sense of place a general feeling to that place, place attachment is a positive emotion which people have about the place

The Impacts of Sustainable Residential Interior Space on Inhabitant’s Emotions

Focusing on inhabitant’s climate comfort causes the neglect of personal and aesthetic factors that have effects on emotions and psychological comfort. Blindly adhering to sustainable design principles regardless of the basic architectural design parameters cause similar interior spaces in today’s housing of Iran. Interior space form is one the main design factors that has some effects on inhabitant’s emotions. It is a correlation research to study inhabitant’s emotions towards sustainable interior space by focusing on interior form. It illustrates that form can consider as an influential factor in creating and improving sustainable conditions according to inhabitant’s emotions.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Sustainable interior design; emotion; shape; PA

Concept Mapping in Learning Histology from the Viewpoint of Midwifery Students

Background & Objective: Concept mapping is an active, creative, and objective practice which improves the advanced learning process and students’ required skills. The aim of this study was the evaluation of concept mapping method in learning histology lessons from the point of view of midwifery students. Methods: The present research was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The target population consisted of all first-semester midwifery students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2015. After concept mapping education, the students were asked to make a concept map of the lessons of the same week and to hand it in the following session. At the end of the semester, students' views regarding the effect of concept mapping on learning were collected by completing the researcher-made questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software. Frequency distribution was presented in the form of frequency tables. One-sample ttest was used to compare the mean score of each question with its mean and 3 (the value of the mean). Results: In this study, 68.9% of students confirmed the usefulness of concept mapping during the semester. Among the students, 6.9% believed other methods to be more effective. However, 58.6% of students found it effective in memorizing histological terms and 65.5% emphasized that concept mapping helped them better understand histology lessons. Independent t-test results showed a significant difference between the mean score of each question and 3. This revealed that mapping was useful in better understanding (P = 0.003), maintaining terminology (P = 0.004), and answering questions (P = 0.001). In general, the majority of students approved the use of concept mapping as an effective learning method during the term (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that concept maps are acceptable among students as a means of learning new information. Therefore, in order to facilitate learning for students, the application of different training strategies, like concept mapping, is suggested in basic medical sciences educations. Key Words: Concept map, Learning, Histolog

Analyzing Effective Variables to Explain the Ratio Preferences among Autistic and Non-Autistic Children

Purpose: Despite the prevalent use of the golden ratio in the environment design for autistic users, there is no experimental research that explains their desired space ratio. This study aims to find the desired ratio in the learning environment, like an occupational therapy room for autistic users, while considering effective variables on their choices. Methodology: Based on McAllister's (2012) study, a scale model inspired by a dollhouse has been chosen to work and play with autistic children directly and find their desired space ratio. Meanwhile, the furniture configuration and the access type in the environment could also define the ratio for interviewees. Accordingly, the scale model was designed with six different scale rooms containing three ratios and two spatial access types represented by the furniture arrangement. 50 autistic children of different ages, genders, and disorders in the moderate and medium spectrum have been randomly sampled. Then, they were asked to choose their desired ratio by playing with the scale model and putting the doll in their preferred room. This study also included 50 non-autistic children as a control group with different genders and defined ages. Result: After interviewing both groups, the chi-square test with Cramer's V calculation analyzed the result to find the statistically significant correlation between control variables, among which two independent variables had a statistically significant correlation with the chosen ratio for all the interviewees. First, being autistic significantly impacted their desired ratio choice as autistic children went for a ratio of 2:5, and no autistic ones had a high tendency toward the golden ratio (1:1.6). The chi-square test also showed that the access type in the scale model was the effective variable for both groups when choosing their desired ratio. Conclusion: The access type of the room with its furniture configuration impacted how users perceived the room's ratio, as well as being autistic or non-autistic users

Designing Alternative Housing in an Old Context: Zargandeparsh, Tehran

Today, poor performance in old residential contexts in terms of memorable visual elements reduce the residents’ sense of belonging. The study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. To meet the needs of residents, a questionnaire was distributed among twenty-five experts. Data analysis was performed using fuzzy logic to calculate the weight of each criterion of hierarchical fuzzy (FAHP). According to the findings, the largest weight belonged to social interaction (0.288), physical (0.205) and dependence (0.179). The results showed that social interaction is imperative in increasing the residents’ sense of attachment.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Housing; old texture; place; sense of attachment

The Qualitative Interrelation between Open Spaces and Living Standards in a Residential Complex

From the early 50s onwards the major Iranian cities were subject to a massive immigration. The immediate solution to this crisis was residential complex in the less populated areas. After few decades of accommodating a large number of new citizens in these residential complexes, while having a limited open space, created physical, functional, semantic, environmental, and social problems. Today, the new challenge that confronted the designers and architectures of this field is therefore how to improve the quality of both open spaces and the living condition of the inhabitances and at the same time being able to compete in the housing market with budgetary restrictions on their expenditures.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Residential complex open space; open space factors; FAN

Classifying Façade Colors in Residential Buildings Based on Color-Emotional Scales

The lack of facade color control programs in urban planning policies in Iran and the choice of facade color based on the designer’s taste make it necessary to design façade colors based on scientific principles and users’ evaluations. In color studies, emotional scales have been used to describe color. Due to the relative nature of emotional terms and the lack of consensus on definitions of these scales under the influence of contextual factors and individual characteristics of users, there is a need to redefine these scales in the context of Iran.This study aims to identify and determine the scales and components to classify the color combination of the façade. For this purpose, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used. Twenty experts in the field of design and color participated in the Delphi survey, and the data were analyzed using the Q method. The finding presented three bipolar scales: temperature, harmony, and weight, to classify the facade color combination. In the next step, through semi-structured interviews with five architects and urban planners, components were determined to describe these three scales. Then, the authors of the study prepared a questionnaire to confirm the components completed by 20 former experts. Components affecting three scales and selected photos of each scale were extracted by analyzing data using the Q method in two steps. The quantitative values were collected through the color strip and HSL system codes of the final photos based on the percentage of color area in the façade, the number of hues, and their temperature, lightness, and saturation. Based on the results, the façade color combinations can be classified into eight treatments: cool-harmonious-light, cool-harmonious-heavy, cool-contrasting-light, cool-contrasting-heavy, warm-harmonious-light, warm-harmonious-heavy, warm-contrasting-light, and warm-contrasting-heavy, each of which can be defined using quantitative values

Husbands' Perception of Environmental Characteristics During Participation in Physiologic Delivery

Objective: Nowadays, the presence of husbands during the childbirth process is regarded as an important factor that can contribute to lower rate of the C-section, better success of physiologic delivery and higher satisfaction in childbirth experience. Considering the special sociocultural characteristics of the Iranian society, this method requires accurate assessment to be practical and effective. The aim of this research was finding out how husbands perceive the environmental and physical characteristics of delivery spaces via studying these physical characteristics, exploring them through husbands’ perception and finally discovering the mechanism behind formation of this perception. Materials and methods: First, the conceptual model of the study was developed after a review of the physiologic childbirth literature. Then, a research questionnaire was designed and distributed among 120 husbands who recently had the experience of accompanying their wives during physiologic childbirth. Results: The results showed that light, color and temperature play a significant role in husbands’ perception of delivery spaces under the special psychological conditions and stress that they experience during the childbirth. Designer should pay due attention to these three factors when designing the structure of childbirth spaces. Conclusion: Promoting the environmental quality of the physiologic delivery room based on husband's perception can help mothers and medical staff better manage childbirth pain which is an integral part of natural childbirths

Walking through Architectural Spaces: The Impact of Interior Forms on Human Brain Dynamics

Neuroarchitecture uses neuroscientific tools to better understand architectural design and its impact on human perception and subjective experience. The form or shape of the built environment is fundamental to architectural design, but not many studies have shown the impact of different forms on the inhabitants’ emotions. This study investigated the neurophysiological correlates of different interior forms on the perceivers’ affective state and the accompanying brain activity. To understand the impact of naturalistic three-dimensional (3D) architectural forms, it is essential to perceive forms from different perspectives. We computed clusters of form features extracted from pictures of residential interiors and constructed exemplary 3D room models based on and representing different formal clusters. To investigate human brain activity during 3D perception of architectural spaces, we used a mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) approach recording the electroencephalogram (EEG) of participants while they naturally walk through different interior forms in virtual reality (VR). The results revealed a strong impact of curvature geometries on activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Theta band activity in ACC correlated with specific feature types (rs (14) = 0.525, p = 0.037) and geometry (rs (14) = −0.579, p = 0.019), providing evidence for a role of this structure in processing architectural features beyond their emotional impact. The posterior cingulate cortex and the occipital lobe were involved in the perception of different room perspectives during the stroll through the rooms. This study sheds new light on the use of mobile EEG and VR in architectural studies and provides the opportunity to study human brain dynamics in participants that actively explore and realistically experience architectural spaces

Application of AI methods in the clustering of architecture interior forms

Form or shape is one of the main aspects of architecture design. A gap exists in scientific studies on categorizing different architecture interior forms according to design. This paper presents a methodology for categorizing interior forms of built places. The main innovation of this study was to evaluate the architecture interior forms of real built places as a base for any analysis on form. We proposed a clustering method by selecting 343 images of living rooms from residential places according to their history and interior design style. We labeled all the images in AutoCAD software depending on form features. The labeling results showed that images had 1104 distinct form features, including sloped, vertical and horizontal linear solids, and edges. Regarding the high dimension of data, we used Graphical Clustering Toolkit software for clustering, which involved the use of correlation coefficients and internal similarity among clusters. The clustering analysis grouped all the images into 25 clusters with the highest internal and the lowest external similarities. The descriptive features of each cluster could show its formal characteristics