Updated S2 K guidelines for the management of bullous pemphigoid initiated by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV).

BACKGROUND Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes. This disease typically affects the elderly and presents with itch and localized or, most frequently, generalized bullous lesions. A subset of patients only develops excoriations, prurigo-like lesions, and eczematous and/or urticarial erythematous lesions. The disease, which is significantly associated with neurological disorders, has high morbidity and severely impacts the quality of life. OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY The Autoimmune blistering diseases Task Force of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology sought to update the guidelines for the management of BP based on new clinical information, and new evidence on diagnostic tools and interventions. The recommendations are either evidence-based or rely on expert opinion. The degree of consent among all task force members was included. RESULTS Treatment depends on the severity of BP and patients' comorbidities. High-potency topical corticosteroids are recommended as the mainstay of treatment whenever possible. Oral prednisone at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day is a recommended alternative. In case of contraindications or resistance to corticosteroids, immunosuppressive therapies, such as methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolate acid, may be recommended. The use of doxycycline and dapsone is controversial. They may be recommended, in particular, in patients with contraindications to oral corticosteroids. B-cell-depleting therapy and intravenous immunoglobulins may be considered in treatment-resistant cases. Omalizumab and dupilumab have recently shown promising results. The final version of the guideline was consented to by several patient organizations. CONCLUSIONS The guidelines for the management of BP were updated. They summarize evidence- and expert-based recommendations useful in clinical practice

Photodimerizations of hydroxy- and benzoylated 4-azachalcones and quantum chemical investigation of the reactions

Photodimerization reactions of compounds 4-6 gave four new cyclobutane-containing compounds (7-9) with full control over the stereochemistry at the four stereogenic centers. These new cyclobutane- containing compounds had ?-truxinic (7a), ?-truxinic (7b and 9), and ?-truxillic (8) structures. However, o-, m-, and p-hydroxy 4-azachalcones (1-3) did not give photochemical cyclization products under any conditions (in solvent or in their solid or molten states). Experimental data suggested the possibility of frontier orbital control over stereochemical behavior, so some theoretical calculations were performed. Full geometrical optimization of compounds 1-9 was performed via DFT B3LYP/6-31+G**, and their electronic structures were also investigated. The geometries of the singlet and triplet states were initially optimized by density functional theory (DFT) and the configuration interaction singles (CIS) B3LYP/3-21 +G**level. An additional calculation was performed for the triplet state using the ground-state geometry. The possible photochemical dimerization products of compounds 7-9 (a-g) and the intrinsic reaction coordinates (IRCs) of the reactions of compounds 4-6 were calculated theoretically by the DFT/3-21+G**method. The configurations (reactant, transition state, product, and reaction pathway) corresponding to the stationary points (minima or saddle points) were determined. The intrinsic reaction coordinates were followed to verify the energy profiles that connect each TS to the appropriate local minimum. The dimeric products expected from the calculations coincided with the dimers produced experimentally. © Springer-Verlag 2010

Essential oil compositions of four mushrooms: Scleroderma verrucosum, Cortinarius infractus, Hypholama capnoides and Hypholama fasciculare from Turkey

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from four varieties of Mushrooms, ie. Scleroderma verrucosum, Cortinarius infractus, Hypholama capnoides and Hypholama fasciculare were analyzed by GC-MS. 13, 36, 8 and 10 components, respectively were identified in the essential oils and the main components were found to be 3-octanone from S. verrucosum, musk ambrette from C. infractus, l -octen-3-ol from H. capnoides and H. fasciculare in the ratios of 49.1, 62.3, 21.7 and 18.2 %, respectively. The isolated essential oils of the fruiting bodies of mushrooms were also tested for antimicrobial activity against the bacteria E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, S. aureus, B. cereus and the fungus C. tropicalis, at maximum essential oil concentrations in hexane of 500, 200, 50 and 250 ?g/mL, respectively. No biological activity was observed against all the test microorganisms

Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from the flower of Rhododendron luteum Sweet

Essential oil from air-dried flower of Rhododendron luteum Sweet (Ericaceae), was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. Sixty-four components were identified in the oil. The most abundant components in the investigated essential oil from the flower of R. luteum was found to be a-cadinol (8.9 %), d-cadinene (7.6 %), ?-terpineol (7.2 %), benzyl salicylate (6.2 %), ?-muurolene (4.1 %) and 1,6-germacradien-5?-ol (3.4 %). The antimicrobial activity of the isolated essential oil was investigated and it showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Serratia marcescens, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, but no antifungal activity was observed against yeast like fungi

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from the flowers of Delphinium formosum

The essential oil from the flowers of Delphinium formosum Boiss. et Huet. (Ranunculaceae) was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS. 68 Components were identified in the oil. The main components in the essential oil from the flowers of D. formosum were found to be tricosane (30.9 %), heneicosane (8.2 %), pentacosane (6.6 %), linalool (2.3 %) docosane (2.2 %) and phytol (2.1 %). The antimicrobial activity of the isolated essential oil from the flowers of the plant was also investigated and it showed moderate antibacterial activity against only E. faecalis and S. aureus. No antibacterial activity against other 5 bacteria and antifungal activity against 2 yeast-like fungi were observed

Synthesis of methyl (E)-2?,4?-thiazachalcones and their N-alkyl derivatives, photochemistry with theoretical calculations and antimicrobial activities

A series of 9 new (E) -thiazachalcones (1-3), and their N -alkyl substituted derivatives (4-6), and stereoselective dimerization products (7-9) were synthesized, then tested for antimicrobial activity against all test microorganisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The new compounds (1-6) without dimerization products (7-9) showed good antimicrobial property against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocitogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis. The possible dimerization products of compounds (1-3) were calculated theoretically. Experimental and theoretical calculation showed that ? -truxinic type dimer is the most stable isomer. © TÜBİTAK

Antimicrobial activity and essential oil compositions of two Ranunculus species from Turkey: R. constantinopolitanus and R. arvensis

The isolated essential oils of Ranunculus constantinopolitanus and Ranunculus arvensis were tested for antimicrobial activity against the bacteria E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, S. aureus, B. cereus and the fungus C. albicans. They showed moderate antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, S. aureus and C. albicans. The composition of essential oils obtained from the air-dried R. constantinopolitanus and R. arvensis were also analyzed by GC-MS. 45 and 36 Components were identified in the essential oils and the main component of these taxa was (Z)-phytol in the ratio 23.6 and 19.5 % from R. constantinopolitanus and R. arvensis, respectively

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Viburnum opulus, Viburnum lantana and Viburnum orientala

The composition of the essential oils obtained from the air-dried Viburnum opulus and Viburnum lantana were analyzed by GC-MS. 40 and 53 Components were identified in the essential oils and the main component of these taxons were phytol and occidenol in the ratios 7.8 and 6.3 % from V. opulus and V. lantana, respectively. The isolated essential oils of V. opulus, V. lantana and V. orientala were also tested for antimicrobial activity against the bacteria E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, S. aureus, B. cereus and the fungus C. tropicalis, at maximum essential oil concentrations in hexane of 250.500 and 1000 ?g/mL, respectively, though no activity was observed against all the test microorganisms for V. lantana and V. opulus. However, the essential oil of the V. orientale showed weak antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria

Essential oil analysis and antimicrobial activity of neckera complanata (Hedw.) huebener and neckera crispa Hedw. (Neckeraceae) grown in Turkey

In this work, the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Huebener and Neckera crispa Hedw (Neckeraceae) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Twenty-one compounds in the oil of N. complanata, representing 71.61 % and forty-two compounds in the oil of N. crispa, representing 82.12 %, were identified. The essential oil of N. crispa was rich in terpenes (58.68 %) with ?-phellandrene (20.00 %), camphene (10.36 %), ?-bisabolene-E (5.51 %) and ?-pinene (3.49 %) as the major components, respectively. 3-Octanone (22.26 %) and limonene (2.97 %) were the major constituents of the essential oil of N. complanata. The antimicrobial activities of the isolated essential oils of the mosses were also investigated. The essential oil of N. complanata showed only moderate antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus with 576 ?g/mL (each). But all the oils showed good antimycotic activity against Candida albicans with in the range of 573-576 ?g/mL, respectively. The aim of this work was to characterize the variation in the essential oil composition of N. complanata and N. crispa grown in Turkey and to identify environmental factors associated with differences in essential oil composition as well as to evaluate their antimicrobial activity