The Role of Positive Communication in Hospital Social Work Service

Objective: To study the role of positive communication in the social work service. Method: 82 families who were treated and hospitalized in the hospital were studied through dividing them randomly into an observation group and a control group, each with 41 families. Specifically, the control group was provided with routine social work services, while the observation group involved positive communication by volunteers, medical workers and psychological social workers during services. Then, the satisfactions of both groups were compared. Result: Families in the observation group has significantly higher satisfactions in social work services than families in the control group. The difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Using positive communication methods in hospital social work services contributes to effectively enhancing patients and their families’ satisfactions of the social work service as well as the hospital

Theoretical and experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of an axially moving nested clamped-hinged beam

The present paper is concerned with the transverse vibration properties of an axially moving nested clamped-hinged beam, which can be regarded as a stepped beam. The transverse vibration equation for the axially moving nested clamped-hinged beam is derived by D’Alembert’s principle. The modified Galerkin’s method, which uses the instantaneous modal function of the clamped-hinged stepped beam as a trial function, is used to solve the vibration equation. An axially moving nested clamped-hinged beam model is designed for the vibration test. The theoretical model is updated by calculating the flexural rigidity values of the first segment of the nested beam based on the measured first-order vibration frequencies, which are tested for different lengths in the main beam. The first order decay coefficients are identified by the logarithmic decrement method. Then, the functional relationship between the flexural rigidity and beam length, as well as the decay coefficient and beam length, is established using the polynomial fitting method. The calculated responses of the modified model agree well with the experimental results, which verifies the correctness of the proposed calculation model and indicates the effectiveness of the methods of model updating and damping determination. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the change law of the frequency with the main beam length increasing is a low-high-low-high trend. Further investigations into the non-damping free vibration properties of the nested clamped-hinged beam during extension and retraction of the main beam are performed. It is determined that there is no obvious change of the dynamic response amplitude of the nested structure during different axial moving rates in the main beam. Furthermore, as the length of the main beam increases, the vibration displacement decreases gradually, and the total mechanical energy increases constantly; therefore, the extension movement of the main beam becomes unstable. Moreover, the numerical results indicate that the non-damping free vibration characteristics of the nested clamped-hinged beam during extension and retraction of the main beam are inversely related

Prediction of pavement surface deterioration

Prediction of pavement performance is important to pavement engineers. Pavement surface deterioration is a dynamic and complicated process. Moisture damage and fatigue are considered as two major causes of pavement deterioration. During a pavement’s service life, the presence of water can lead to loss of stiffness and strength of the asphalt pavement structure. Apart from that, the presence of water can accelerate the propagation and severity of already existing distress. High tensile strain at the bottom of an asphalt layer results fatigue cracking in a pavement. The goal of this research was to develop a series of computational models to predict pavement surface deterioration under the effects of moisture and traffic. The first task was to calculate the pavement surface water pressure under a moving tyre. The water is compressed underneath the tyres, generating a water pressure pulse. This pressure allows surface water to penetrate into the pavement structure. Then the asphalt pavement internal structure (voids distribution) was determined and the water pressure distribution inside the pavement structure was calculated for both fully saturated and partially saturated condition using the surface water pressure. The water pressure expands the voids inside the pavement. Consequently, stress and strain at the edge of the voids, due to frequent traffic passes can lead to failure of the pavement. A ravelling failure probability line was then predicted with the help of cavity expansion theory and asphalt crack propagation law. The case study for the performance of four different asphalt types (HRA, SMA, AC, DBM) using the failure probability calculation shows a good correspondence with their real performance which indicates that this process of predicting failure probability is generally acceptable

Development of a continuous process for direct amide synthesis over titania based magnetic catalysts under RF heating.

In this work, TiO2 as the catalyst to catalyse the direct amide synthesis was firstly optimized by sulfation. The type and amount of sulfate sources were varied to modify the acid sites on the titania surface, resulting in different catalytic activities. Composite magnetic catalysts (CMCs) having magnetic and catalytic parts with three different structures have been synthesized. In the first method, a series of CMCs containing 33-50 wt.% of sulfated TiO2 onto NiFe2O4 were synthesized by ball milling. Mechanochemical synthesis was found to be a facile route to provide a strong contact between magnetic and catalytic nanoparticles. In the second method, TiO2/NiFe2O4 core-shell CMCs with a titania loading of 9-32 wt.% were synthesized by sol-gel method. The effects of calcination temperature and titania loading on their catalytic activity and stability were studied. The structure of TiO2/NiFe2O4 core-shell CMCs was further improved by synthesizing a middle layer of SiO2 between the core and TiO2 shell in the third method. The obtained CMCs were further sulfated by two methods to promote the activity. The CMCs were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, TGA, VSM, FT-IR of adsorbed pyridine, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and measurement of specific absorption rate. The catalytic activity was measured in the reaction between 4-phenylbutyric acid and aniline in the 140-200 oC range at a pressure of 6 bar in both batch and continuous modes. The reaction rate over the optimal sulfated TiO2 was four-fold of that over the initial TiO2. The effect of reaction temperature on deactivation was studied. For CMCs, the reaction rate over titania in an optimised NiFe2O4@SiO2@TiO2 CMC was 1.5 times higher than that over titania in ball milled CMC. The catalytic activity of this CMC could be totally recovered by a regeneration protocol in the RF-heated flow reactor at mild conditions. However, the catalyst deactivation kinetics was substantially reduced after each cycle. Finally, a near-isothermal RF-heated continuous reactor was designed to scale-up the amide synthesis to a larger production scale. The throughput of 4, N-diphenylbutyramide was 0.27 g/h, which was five-fold of that shown in the literature [1]

Direct amide synthesis over core-shell TiO2@NiFe2O4 catalysts in a continuous flow radio frequency-heated reactor

Core-shell composite magnetic catalysts TiO2@NiFe2O4 with a titania loading of 9–32 wt. % have been synthesised by sol-gel method for direct amide synthesis in a radiofrequency (RF)-heated continuous flow reactor. The catalyst calcination temperature was optimised in the range of 350-500 ºC and the highest activity was observed for the catalyst calcined at 500 ºC due to conversion of titania into catalytically active anatase phase. No reaction between the magnetic core and the titania shell was observed up to the calcination temperature of 1000 ºC and no sintering of titania shell was observed after calcination at 500 ºC. The comparison of direct amide synthesis in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor under conventional and RF heating demonstrated that the RF heating mode increased the apparent reaction rate by 60 % and decreased the deactivation rate due to a better temperature uniformity. The titania weight normalised reaction rate in the RF-heated reactor was constant for titania loadings above 17 wt. %, while it decreased by a factor of 3 at lower titania loadings because of interactions between the ferrite core on the thin layer of the catalyst. The catalyst deactivation study showed that the deactivation rate could be accurately described by a first order kinetics and that the main reason of deactivation was coking. The catalyst regeneration via calcination at 400 ºC resulted in the catalyst sintering, while a treatment with a hydrogen peroxide solution at 90 ºC fully recovered catalytic activity

Research Progress on the Modification Methods of Clay Minerals

Clay minerals are widely distributed in nature, and their applications have been rapidly developed in the last decade or so due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Since the most researched is the modification of clay minerals, this paper introduces the types of clay, basic structural characteristics and common modification methods. The methods of modified clay include high-temperature excitation and acid-base excitation methods to stimulate the activity of clay minerals, as well as interlayer ion exchange modification methods, clay surface grafting techniques such as sol-gel method, surface hydroxyl grafting modification and other methods, and also introduces the intercalation methods, including solution intercalation method, In situ polymerization intercalation method, etc. The applications and developments of clay minerals are summarized, from traditional industrial applications to environmental protection and high-tech nanomaterials, mainly in the automotive industry, environment-friendly materials and catalysts