The Examination of The Postgrade Theses on Harmonization Programs in Preschool Period: Analysis of Problems and Solution Suggestions

The preschool education of children who need special care has become obligatory in the delegated legislation no 573 on special education, issued in 1997, and in the regulations of special education services, prepared in 2006 on the basis of that legislation. The harmonization education is defined as special education practices “ based on the principle suggesting that individuals in need of special education can continue their educations, together with their peers without any incapability, at public or private, preschool, primary school, secondary school, and widespread education institutions”. As well as in this legislation, the regulations related to the harmonization education were also made in the MONE legislation of Preschool Educational Institutions. It is seen that preschool educations of children in need of special care have been guaranteed by legal arrangements. The important problems arising in harmonization education have caused scientific studies and postgraduate studies to focus on this issue. The purpose of the study is to examine the postgraduate theses on harmonization programs in the preschool period in Turkey and analyze the defined problems and solution suggestions. The study was done in a mixed pattern, and document analysis method was used in it. The qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques were used in the analysis of the data. The postgraduate theses used in the study were selected through the thesis review page of Higher Education Institution. For the identification of the theses, the keywords, including “harmonization, preschool, program”, were used, and accordingly, a total of 17 postgraduate theses were reached. The data were collected by “ Pre School Harmonization Programs and Postgrade Thesis Studies Review Form” prepared by the researcher. The form contains 11 items that include variables such as the types of postgraduate theses, their production year, production institute, department, sampling, research type, these data collection place. Besides, the conclusion and suggestions parts of the theses were deeply examined with content analysis method. As a result of the study, it was found that the theses of harmonization programs in preschool period in Turkey mainly were done on postgraduate level, their majority were studied at the departments of Educational Sciences Institution, and mainly at special education sections, and their majority were descriptive studies based on teacher views, and the problems identified at postgraduate theses of harmonization education and solution suggestions of that were deeply examined with content analysis, and thematically submitted, and the suggestions of the studies to be newly conducted on this issue were offered

Acute cyanide poisoning caused by apricot kernel

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In vitro bioaccessibilities of vitamin C in baby biscuits prepared with or without UHT cow's milk

© 2022 Elsevier Inc.Vitamins C is an essential nutritional component of complementary baby foods. Knowing the bioaccessibility of vitamin C is important to determine daily vitamin intake for infants and young children. There is not enough information about the bioaccessibility of vitamin C added to baby biscuits and follow-on milk and the effect of UHT milk on vitamin C bioaccessibility. This study aimed to examine the bioaccessibility of vitamin C in baby biscuits and follow-on milk by an in vitro gastrointestinal system at different pH levels. Measured vitamin C concentrations were generally lower than the amounts declared on their labels. The average bioaccessibility of vitamin C in baby biscuits with and without added UHT cow's milk was 18.27 % and 0.34 % at gastric pH 1.5, respectively. It was 13.7 % and 0.30 % for gastric pH 4, respectively. The average bioaccessibility of vitamin C in follow-on milk was only 9.8 % and 9.1 %. In comparison, the bioaccessibility of naturally occurring vitamin C in UHT cow's milk was 91.6 % and 90.5 % at gastric pH 1.5 and gastric pH 4, respectively. As revealed in this research, the bioaccessibility of vitamin C in baby biscuits with UHT cow's milk was higher than that without adding UHT cow's milk in both gastric pH conditions. Naturally occurring vitamin C in milk was more bioaccessible in both gastric pH 1.5 and pH 4

In vitro bioaccessibility of vitamins B1, B2, and B3 from various vegetables

© 2022 Elsevier LtdB group vitamins, except folate, are involved in at least one step of cellular energy production. Vegetables are considered essential for a healthy diet plan. Vegetables significantly affect diet quality by contributing to the adequate intake of some B group vitamins. Our results demonstrated that the level of vitamins B1, B2, and B3 in the studied vegetables was in the range of 9–85 µg/100 g, 22–319 µg/100 g, and 459–3497 µg/100 g, respectively. However, it is fundamental to investigate the bioaccessibility of all vitamins to identify primary dietary sources. We observed that the average bioaccessibility values for vitamins B1 and B2 were 68.9% and 63.9%, respectively. The bioaccessibility of the nicotinic acid form of vitamin B3 was 40%, while the nicotinamide form was 33.9%. As revealed in this research, the bioaccessibilities of vitamins B1, B2, and B3 in vegetables were generally low in vitro