Relationship between Spiritual Experiences and Organizational Commitment with Perceived Stress at the staff of Tehran Oil Hospital

Abstract Introduction: There have been numerous researches carried out in the field of organizational health with the aim of identifying ways to counteract the negative effects of stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual experiences and organizational commitment with the perceived stress of the staff of the Tehran Oil Hospital. Methods: The research population of all Tehran Nursing Hospital nursing staff was stratified randomly based on the formula for determining the sample population in 2017. For data collection, standardized questionnaires were used to measure each variable and the extracted data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Results: Statistical analysis of the research data showed that there was a significant relationship between spiritual experiences and its components such as meaningful work, sense of correlation and alignment of values, and the pillars of the organizational commitment such as emotional commitment, continuous commitment and normative commitment with perceived stress at a significant level of P<0.05. According to the results of regression with multivariate correlation coefficient for linear combination of variables of spiritual experiences (work with meaning, sense of correlation and values alignment), organizational commitment and perceived stress were equal to MR =35.70and RS =0.19,Which is significant at P<0.0001. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the spiritual experiences of employees have a positive and significant relationship with organizational commitment and reducing perceived stress. In other words, those with high spirituality feel less stress and more organizational commitment

The Effects of Different Agitation Techniques of Canal Irrigant on Tubular Penetration of a Bioceramic Sealer

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effects of different agitation techniques of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) as the final irrigation with XP-Finisher file, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Er:YAG laser and irrigation with conventional syringes, on penetration of Sure Seal Root bioceramic sealer into dentinal tubules. Methods and Materials: Forty freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth were included in the present in vitro study. All the teeth were prepared up to #40 (4%) with Bio Race rotary file system, using crown-down technique. After chemomechanical preparation, the teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups based on the agitation protocol: conventional needle irrigation (CNI) with a 30-G needle in a syringe, PUI, Er:YAG laser and XP-Finisher file, Subsequent to the agitation procedure, the root canals were obturated with tapered bioceramic-covered gutta-percha point and, bioceramic sealer, using the single-cone technique. The maximum penetration of the sealer into the dentinal tubules was determined in the coronal, middle and apical thirds using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique. After confirmation of the normal distribution of data with Shapiro-Wilk test, Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: The mean penetration depth of the bioceramic sealer into the dentinal tubules in the PUI group was greater than that of other groups; however, the difference between the two PUI and Er:YAG laser groups in the apical third was not significant (P=0.078). Er:YAG laser, PUI and XP-Finisher file agitation techniques resulted in significantly greater penetration of the bioceramic sealer into the dentinal tubules compared to the CNI (P<0.001). The XP-Finisher file technique in the apical (P=0.752) and middle thirds (P=0.339) and the Er:YAG laser technique in the apical thirds (P=0.086) were not significantly different from the conventional irrigation technique. Conclusion: The PUI technique resulted in significantly deeper penetration of the Bioceramic sealer into the dentinal tubules compared to the three other techniques. Keywords: Endodontics; Lasers; Root Canal Preparation; Ultrasonic; XP Endo Finisher

An Overview of Additive Manufacturing Technologies—A Review to Technical Synthesis in Numerical Study of Selective Laser Melting

Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes enable their deployment in broad applications from aerospace to art, design, and architecture. Part quality and performance are the main concerns during AM processes execution that the achievement of adequate characteristics can be guaranteed, considering a wide range of influencing factors, such as process parameters, material, environment, measurement, and operators training. Investigating the effects of not only the influential AM processes variables but also their interactions and coupled impacts are essential to process optimization which requires huge efforts to be made. Therefore, numerical simulation can be an effective tool that facilities the evaluation of the AM processes principles. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a widespread Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) AM process that due to its superior advantages, such as capability to print complex and highly customized components, which leads to an increasing attention paid by industries and academia. Temperature distribution and melt pool dynamics have paramount importance to be well simulated and correlated by part quality in terms of surface finish, induced residual stress and microstructure evolution during SLM. Summarizing numerical simulations of SLM in this survey is pointed out as one important research perspective as well as exploring the contribution of adopted approaches and practices. This review survey has been organized to give an overview of AM processes such as extrusion, photopolymerization, material jetting, laminated object manufacturing, and powder bed fusion. And in particular is targeted to discuss the conducted numerical simulation of SLM to illustrate a uniform picture of existing nonproprietary approaches to predict the heat transfer, melt pool behavior, microstructure and residual stresses analysis

Comparing the Resulted Strategies from the SWOT and the SPACE (Electricity Company as Case Study)

Abstract The present study was aimed to compare the implementation of two models in terms of strategic planning. In order to this, firstly, several field studies have been done in terms of the SWOT and the SPACE analysis. In the next step, a team of the meddle and senior managers that have studied in terms of SWOT analysis seek to identify the organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats and then develop their related strategies. They also develop and indicate the SPACE questionnaire. Based on the results of this questionnaire and determining the organization’s strategic position, they strive to develop the appropriate strategies. Finally, the strategies that have been derived from these models were compared to each other and their strengths and weaknesses were analyzed

Effect of the Bone Graft on the Surface Microhardness of Endodontic Biomaterials

Introduction: During periapical surgery, using of bone products in large endodontic lesions, is a treatment option that could affect the properties of the retro-filling endodontic material. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of Osteon II bone powder on the surface microhardness of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Methods and Materials: Each material was mixed and carried into 40 sterile custom-made plastic cylinders. Half of the samples in each group were exposed to Osteon II. All cylinders were submerged in simulated tissue fluid and incubated at 37°C and 100% relative humidity for 7 days. Surface microhardness values of each study group was attained using Vickers microhardness test. The data were analyzed statistically using two-way ANOVA and independent t-test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The highest and lowest microhardness values were recorded in the MTA/without Osteon and MTA/with Osteon groups, respectively. Irrespective of the presence or absence of bone powder, the overall microhardness of CEM cement and MTA was not significantly different. In the MTA group, the presence of the powder resulted in a significant decrease (P<0.05) of the microhardness; however, its effect on CEM cement was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Under the limitations of the present in vitro study, the presence of Osteon bone powder had no negative effect on the microhardness of CEM cement, contrary to its effect on MTA.Keywords: Bone Graft; Calcium-enriched Mixture; Hardness; Mineral Trioxide Aggregat

Comparison of apical Microleakage using Ni-Ti with stainless steel finger spreaders

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare apical microleakage after obturation with Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) compared to Stainless Steel (SS) finger spreaders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty straight single-rooted human teeth were instrumented using step-back technique. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups. The two experimental groups (n=30) and the negative control group (n=10) were obturated by lateral condensation technique with Ariadent gutta-percha and AH26 sealer. The roots in the positive control group (n=10) were instrumented but not obturated. In one group, SS and in another group NiTi spreaders were used. Microleakage evaluation was conducted using dye penetration method t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results showed statistically significant differences between NiTi and SS groups (P=0.022), with the greatest dye penetration in SS group and the least in NiTi group. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the present study using NiTi spreader decrease apical microleakage in endodontically treated teeth. [Iranian Endodontic Journal 2009;4(4):149-51

Fuel Switching Impacts of the Industry Sector under the Clean Development Mechanism: A General Equilibrium Analysis of Iran

The importance of international cooperation in reducing the Green House Gas (GHG) has been widely recognized. The primary tool for involving developing countries in carbon reduction without hindering their development is the clean development mechanism. In order to simulate numerically the impact of the Iran clean energy development of the industrial sector under the CDM, a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is used. The numerical simulations reveal the growth potential and sustainable development benefits that represent the CDM for Iran, though the environmental impact in terms of carbon emission of sectors appears broadly mixed. Based on results some sectors benefit from these clean investment flows -including industry- other sectors show carbon emission increases, but the overall emission of the economy decrease and results in lower environmental costs in green GDP. Keywords: Clean Development Mechanism, Computable General Equilibrium, Industry Sector, Iran. JEL Classifications: D58, O13, Q56

The Effect of Different Mixing Methods on the pH and Solubility of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium-Enriched Mixture

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different mixing techniques on the pH and solubility of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM). Methods and Materials: Five samples were prepared from each biomaterial with different mixing techniques including hand-, amalgamator- or ultrasonic-mixing and were then placed in pre-weighted plastic tubes to determine their pH values. Each tube was then incubated in 10 mL deionized distilled water for 1 h at 37ºC. An electrode was placed in the fluid in each flask at 24ºC and the pH was recorded. In the next stage, six samples from each mixing technique/material were separately placed in glass bottles containing 50 mL of distilled water at 37ºC for 1 h and were let dry for 1 h at 37ºC. The samples’ weights were measured and recorded twice. The procedure was repeated at 1-, 7- and 21-day intervals. Data were analyzed with the repeated measures ANOVA (for solubility) and two-way ANOVA (for pH) and then the post-hoc Tukey’s test was done. Results: The pH of the materials was not significantly affected by mixing methods (P=0.8 for CEM and P=0.1 for MTA). The solubility of all test groups was within the acceptable range (≤3%). However, the solubility of CEM at 1- and 21-day intervals was significantly different (P=0.03 for 1 day and P=0.001 for 21 days). Different mixing techniques had significant effects on the solubility of MTA at the three time points (P=0.004, 0.003 and 0.002 for 1-, 7- and 21-day intervals, respectively). Conclusion: The pH of biomaterials was not influenced by the mixing technique and their solubility was within the acceptable range

Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Asexual Reproduction Optimization

As the number of credit card users has increased, detecting fraud in this domain has become a vital issue. Previous literature has applied various supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods to find an effective fraud detection system. However, some of these methods require an enormous amount of time to achieve reasonable accuracy. In this paper, an Asexual Reproduction Optimization (ARO) approach was employed, which is a supervised method to detect credit card fraud. ARO refers to a kind of production in which one parent produces some offspring. By applying this method and sampling just from the majority class, the effectiveness of the classification is increased. A comparison to Artificial Immune Systems (AIS), which is one of the best methods implemented on current datasets, has shown that the proposed method is able to remarkably reduce the required training time and at the same time increase the recall that is important in fraud detection problems. The obtained results show that ARO achieves the best cost in a short time, and consequently, it can be considered a real-time fraud detection system

Connective Tissue Reaction to White and Gray MTA Mixed With Distilled Water or Chlorhexidine in Rats

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the histocompatibility of white (WMTA) and gray (GMTA) mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and distilled water (DW) in subcutaneous connective tissues of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The freshly mixed WMTA and GMTA with CHX or DW were inserted in polyethylene tubes and implanted into dorsal subcutaneous connective tissue of 50 Wistar Albino rats; tissue biopsies were collected and were then examined histologically 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after the implantation procedure. The histology results were scored from 1-4; score 4 was considered as the worst finding. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA tests. RESULTS: All experimented materials were tolerated well by the connective tissues after 90-day evaluation, except for the WMTA/CHX group that had significantly more mean inflammatory scores (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean inflammation grades between experimental groups in each interval (P<0.001). After 90 days, GMTA/CHX group had the lowest inflammatory score. CONCLUSION: Although adding CHX to WMTA produces significantly higher inflammatory response, it seems a suitable substitute for DW in combination with GMTA. Further research is necessary to recommend this mixture for clinical use