Medicina Tradicional en la Urbe: El Funcionamiento del Sistema de Salud Mapuche en Santiago

En Santiago, Chile, una ciudad con más de 5 millones de personas, el pueblo originario Mapuche ha logrado la reconstrucción de su sistema tradicional de salud para servir la comunidad urbana de la comunidad mapuche. Hoy en día, la mayoría de gente mapuche viven en ambientes urbanos debido a una migración masiva desde su territorio ancestral en el sur, que creó una población distinta de gente mapuche llamada warriache, o gente de la ciudad. Después de una expansión nacional de los derechos básicos de pueblos originarios en los años ‘90, el pueblo originario Mapuche, junto con otros pueblos originarios, podía fortificar su sistema de medicina tradicional y expandirlo a funcionar en ambientes urbanos. Ahora, hay centros de salud mapuche alrededor de Santiago que sirven miles de pacientes, ambos mapuche y no mapuche. A través de entrevistas con miembros de la red de salud mapuche, esta investigación cualitativa explora como el sistema de salud funciona en Santiago en un contexto post pandemia. Enfoca en el impacto del ambiente urbano y la pandemia de COVID-19 en el sistema de salud mapuche, además de la relación compleja entre el sistema y el modelo de salud intercultural en Chile. Los resultados del estudio muestran un vínculo permanente entre el sistema de salud urbano y el sistema de salud rural además de recursos y reconocimiento insuficiente desde PESPI, el programa de salud intercultural. Sin embargo, también destacan la adaptabilidad y fuerte liderazgo de las Asociaciones Indígenas en Santiago adentro del sistema de salud mapuche. In Santiago, Chile, a city of over 5 million people, the Mapuche indigenous group has managed to reconstruct its traditional health system to serve the urban mapuche community. The majority of mapuche people now live in urban settings due to a mass migration from their southern ancestral territory, creating a distinct population referred to as warriache, or “people of the city.” Following a nationwide expansion in basic rights for indigenous communities during the 1990’s, the Mapuche indigenous group, alongside other indigenous groups in the nation, was able to fortify its traditional medicine system and expand it to function in urban settings. Today, there are health centers throughout Santiago serving thousands of patients, both mapuche and non-mapuche. Through interviews with members of the mapuche health network, this qualitative investigation explores how the health system functions in Santiago in a post-pandemic context. It focuses on the impact of an urban setting and the COVID-19 pandemic on the mapuche health system, as well as the system’s complex relationship to Chile’s intercultural health model. The results of the study reveal a permanent link between the urban and rural mapuche health systems as well as insufficient resources and recognition from PESPI, the intercultural health program. However, it also highlights the adaptability and strong leadership of Indigenous Associations in Santiago within the mapuche health system

Development of cross-sectional classes to express a secure house living space using various construction techniques

In this research, we aim to foster the ability to propose a sustainable living environment in a three-dimensional space trying to organize a lesson in order to clarify the image of the child in the living space: "house". First, we revealed the change of the image of the "house" of the fourth graders through the model making: the children have become conscious of their own life on the durability of the house, or the attachment to the ground through the experience of model making. In addition, we found their interest to the exterior space

The Interface between Marketing and Logistics

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Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus and its genotypes among a cohort of drug users in Kenya

Background: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus and that of its main genotypes varies between the worlds geographic regions. The risk factors for infection with HCV include blood transfusion, tattoing and injecting drug use. Objectives: To examine the prevalence of HCV and determine its main genotypes among a cohort of drug users in Kenya. Design: A laboratory based study. Setting: Hepatitis research laboratory in the Centre for Virus Research at the Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi. Subjects: Three hundred and fourteen male and 19 female intravenous and non-intravenous drug users aged between 15-55 years. Results: Seventy four (22.2%) out of 333 samples tested positive for anti-HCV. Sixty nine out of the 74 serum samples were assayed for HCV RNA and 38 (55.5%) were positive. The RNA positive samples were further subjected to sequencing and 19 (73%) of the samples were classified as genotype la, while seven (27%) samples were classified as genotype 4. Genotypes 2, 3, 5 and 6 were not identified in this study. Conclusions: These results demonstrate a high HCV infection prevalence among this cohort of drug users (22.2 %) as compared to that of the general population, which is estimated to be 0.2- 0.9%. The study also confirms the presence of at least two major genotypes among Kenyan drug users (genotypes 1 and 4). East African Medical Journal Vol. 85 (7) 2008: pp. 318-32

The role of intersystem crossing in the deactivation of the singlet excited aminoÑuorenones

Solvent and substituent e †ects on the competition between internal conversion and triplet formation were studied systematically for aminoÑuorenones and their N-methylated derivatives. Intersystem crossing (ISC) was found to be the dominant process for the singlet excited 1-amino-and 1-methylaminoÑuorenone in all solvents. The short Ñuorescence decay time of these compounds does not originate from intramolecular hydrogen bonding induced internal conversion but it is due to the fast triplet formation. Rather slow s~1) and solvent insensitive intersystem crossing characterizes the photophysical behavior of (k ISC O 4.8 ] 107 2-, 3-and 4-aminoÑuorenones but their internal conversion rate strongly increases with solvent polarity. The change of the internal conversion rate constants with molecular structure and solvent can be rationalized in terms of the energy gap law

Serum amyloid A-induced IL-6 production by rheumatoid synoviocytes

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the role of serum amyloid A protein (SAA) in the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) using rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS). Recombinant SAA stimulation induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6, from RA-FLS. The signaling events induced by SAA included the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kineases, p38 and JNK1/2 and the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Inhibitor studies have shown SAA-induced IL-6 production to be down-regulated by NF-κB inhibition and partially inhibited by p38 or JNK inhibitors. Our findings demonstrate that SAA is a significant inducer of IL-6, which is critically involved in RA pathogenesis

Why some stems are red: cauline anthocyanins shield photosystem II against high light stress

Red-stemmed plants are extremely common, yet the functions of cauline anthocyanins are largely unknown. The possibility that photoabatement by anthocyanins in the periderm reduces the propensity for photoinhibition in cortical chlorenchyma was tested for Cornus stolonifera. Anthocyanins were induced in green stems exposed to full sunlight. PSII quantum yields (ФPSII) and photochemical quenching coefficients were depressed less in red than in green stems, both under a light ramp and after prolonged exposures to saturating white light. These differences were primarily attributable to the attenuation of PAR, especially green/yellow light, by anthocyanins. However, the red internodes also had less chlorophyll and higher carotenoid:chlorophyll ratios than the green, and when the anthocyanic periderm was removed, small differences in the ФPSII of the underlying chlorenchyma were retained. Thus, light screening by cauline anthocyanins is important, but is only part of a set of protective acclimations to high irradiance. Hourly measurements of ФPSII on established trees under natural daylight indicated a possible advantage of red versus green stems under sub-saturating diffuse, but not direct sunlight. To judge the wider applicability of the hypothesis, responses to high light were compared for red and green stems across five further unrelated species. There was a strong, linear, interspecific correlation between photoprotective advantage and anthocyanin concentration differences among red and green internodes. The photoprotective effect appears to be a widespread phenomenon

座談会 リスクと物流

座談会/経済貿易研究所主催/2011年11月30日（水）13：30～15：30/神奈川大学1号館5階505号

Measurement of hepatitis B virus core-related antigen is valuable for identifying patients who are at low risk of lamivudine resistance

ArticleLIVER INTERNATIONAL. 26(1): 90-96 (2006)journal articl