Bioalcohol As Green Energy -A review

Bioethanol has now become a big industry and this industry seems to become much bigger in the near future. People regard bioethanol as renewable and sustainable new energy source, although some contraversies such as the rivalry of bioethanol for human food widely exist. Actually, bioethanol can also be a good source of basic raw materials. In early days, ethylene, the most important organic chemical raw material, was produced from dehydration of ethanol. Later, things reversed as petrochemical industry well developed after World War II, when industrial ethanol was mostly produced mainly via hydration of ethylene. Now that bioethanol has already become an important fuel blender, we should well expect that bioethanol should also be new resources for basic organic raw materials, as well as other more valuable fine and specialty chemicals, instead of merely a fuel blender. Nowadays, countless new bioethanol companies are setting up every day. It should lead to more research on bioethanol also as a starting raw chemical material

PERJANJIAN LAUSANNE 1974 DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM KEKRISTENAN DI LINGKUNGAN GUNUNG SITOLI

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur yang menggunakan teknik triangulasi; observasi, interview dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian adalah 5 orang pakar yang sudah dianggap senior theology yang dipilih dengan tektik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen penelitian dalam bentuk angket tertutup dan interview serta observasi kajian literatur terkait dengan Perjanjian Lausanne 1974 dan implikasinya dalam kekristenan yang terfokus pada Revitalisasi Missio Dei Evanggelikal di lingkungan Kota Gunungsitoli Kepulauan Nias Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberi usulan konkrit terkait cara menjaga keharmonisan dan kesatuan dalam masyarakat kota Gunungsitoli yang pluralisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implikasi dari perjanjian Lausanne 1974 dalam hal Revitalisasi Missio Dei Evangelikal, menghadirkan sebuah temuan baru yakni konsep bahwa misi adalah bukan soal apa yang Allah katakan di dalam gereja melainkan apa yang Ia katakan di dalam dunia. Hal ini kemudian terekspresi secara kuat dan konkrit dimana kerjasama antar gereja dalam bentuk gerakan kehidupan dan tugas-tugas (tasks and life), Iman dan Tata Gereja (Faith and regulation) yang berjalan dengan harmonis di kota Gunungsitoli, kepulauan Nias. Interpretasi secara praksis adalah bahawa di kota Gunungsitoli tercapai cita-cita atau idealisme kemanusiaan secara utuh yang bermakana bahwa di situ pulalah misi kekristenan dilihat sebagai usaha untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dunia. Dengan kata lain, Perjanjian Lausanne dapat dikatakan sebagai refleksi keyakinan iman dan misi evangelikal yang diimplikasikan secara utuh, luas dan transformatif dimana misi di sini dilihat sebagai sebuah proses yang integral dari transformasi manusia secara keseluruhan.   Kata kunci: Perjanjian Lausanne, Misi dan Penginjilan, Revitalisasi Missio Dei Evangelikal.

Detection of Antibiotic Residues in Chicken Meat and Eggs from Traditional Markets at Yogyakarta City Using Bioassay Method

Studies on antibiotic residues content in food of animal origin are currently needed to support veterinary public health programs. The present study was described bioassay method for the detection of antibiotic residues in chicken meat and eggs from traditional market at Yogyakarta City. A number of twenty-four chicken meat samples and 24 egg samples were taken from 8 traditional markets in Yogyakarta city. Samples were examined at Centre for Veterinary Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia using bioassay method for screening detection of penicillin, aminoglycoside, macrolide and tetracycline residues. This bioassay method using some bacteria, such as Bacillus stearothermophillus, B. cereus, B. subtilis, and Kocuria rizophila. A percentage of the results showed that 8.33% (2/24) samples of chickens tested positively contained the oxytetracycline antibiotic residues. Meanwhile, as much as 75% (18/24) samples of positive eggs contain penicillin antibiotic residues, positive residues of aminoglycoside amounted to 12.5% (3/24) and the positive residues of oxytetracycline also amounted to 12.5% (3/24)

Tuberculosis: integrated studies for a complex disease 2050

Tuberculosis (TB) has been a disease for centuries with various challenges [1]. Like other places where challenges and opportunities come together, TB challenges were the inspiration for the scientific community to mobilize different groups for the purpose of interest. For example, with the emergence of drug resistance, there has been a huge volume of research on the discovery of new medicines and drug delivery methods and the repurposing of old drugs [2, 3]. Moreover, to enhance the capacity to detect TB cases, studies have sought diagnostics and biomarkers, with much hope recently expressed in the direction of point-of-care tests [4]. Despite all such efforts as being highlighted in 50 Chapters of this volume, we are still writing about TB and thinking about how to fight this old disease–implying that the problem of TB might be complex, so calling the need for an integrated science to deal with multiple dimensions in a simultaneous and effective manner. We are not the first one; there have been proposed integrated platform for TB research, integrated prevention services, integrated models for drug screening, integrated imaging protocol, integrated understanding of the disease pathogenesis, integrated control models, integrated mapping of the genome of the pathogen, etc. [5–12], to name some. These integrated jobs date back decades ago. So, a question arises: why is there a disease named TB yet? It might be due to the fact that this integration has happened to a scale that is not global, and so TB remains to be a problem, especially in resource-limited settings. Hope Tuberculosis: Integrated Studies for a Complex Disease helps to globalize the integrated science of TB.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio