Elizabeth Bathurst\u27s Soteriology and a List of Corrections in Several Editions of her Works

Elizabeth Bathurst (1655-1 685) was one of few Quaker systematic theologians in the Restoration. Her soteriology showed a pattern of traditional Quakerism common to earlier and contemporary Quakers like Fox and Barclay. However, her theology created a different theological atmosphere from them, in that she stoutly insisted on the sole authority of the Light and on the infallibility of human beings guided by the Holy Spirit against mainstream Quakerism after the 1660s. The first part of this paper briefly introduces the soteriology of Bathurst together with her understanding of human nature. In the second part, many citation errors from the Bible in Bathurst\u27s works are examined and compiled as a list of corrections to call editors\u27 and publishers\u27 attention to rough handling of research materials in the field of Quaker studies and publishing

動脈遮断肝における部分的門脈動脈血化法の長時間維持に関する実験的研究

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博乙第1221号,学位授与年月日：平成5年5月10日,学位授与年：199

Distribution of Choroidal Thickness and Choroidal Vessel Dilation in Healthy Japanese Individuals: The Nagahama Study

[Purpose] To report fundamental epidemiologic data for choroidal parameters such as choroidal thickness and index of choroidal vascularity in Japanese individuals and to evaluate their correlations with age, sex, systemic parameters, and other ocular parameters. [Design] Population-based cohort study. [Participants] A total of 9850 individuals participated in the first follow-up of the Nagahama Prospective Cohort for Comprehensive Human Bioscience (the Nagahama Study) conducted between 2013 and 2016. [Methods] All participants underwent standardized ophthalmic examinations, including OCT with enhanced depth imaging (EDI; RS-3000 Advance; Nidek). We manually segmented the choroidoscleral interface to measure subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and calculated the normalized choroidal intensity obtained with EDI (NCIEDI) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI). These are indices of choroidal brightness in OCT and reportedly represent the dilation of choroidal vessels. After summarizing the age-sex stratified distributions of SFCT, NCIEDI, and CVI, their associations with age, sex, axial length (AL), and spherical equivalent (SE) were evaluated using linear regression analysis with adjustments for possible confounders. [Main Outcome Measures] Distribution of SFCT, NCIEDI, and CVI in the healthy Japanese population and their characteristics. [Results] Age-sex standardized SFCT, NCIEDI, and CVI were 291.2 μm, 0.653, and 66.88%, respectively. In both men and women, SFCT was associated negatively with age (P < 0.001) and NCIEDI was associated positively with age (P < 0.001). Although both SFCT and NCIEDI did not differ significantly between men and women overall (P = 0.87 and P = 0.21, respectively), among younger participants (35–50 years of age), men showed significantly greater SFCT than women (P < 0.001). Only in men was CVI associated positively with age (P < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, SFCT was associated significantly with age, sex, AL, SE, and the interaction term of age and sex (P < 0.001). Independent of SFCT, NCIEDI and CVI were associated significantly with age (P < 0.001). [Conclusions] We report normative Japanese SFCT, NCIEDI, and CVI data using a large general Japanese cohort. The association analysis of SFCT with NCIEDI and CVI suggested that younger individuals have a more lumen-rich choroid for their choroidal thickness than older individuals

The Quiescent Intracluster Medium in the Core of the Perseus Cluster

Clusters of galaxies are the most massive gravitationally-bound objects in the Universe and are still forming. They are thus important probes of cosmological parameters and a host of astrophysical processes. Knowledge of the dynamics of the pervasive hot gas, which dominates in mass over stars in a cluster, is a crucial missing ingredient. It can enable new insights into mechanical energy injection by the central supermassive black hole and the use of hydrostatic equilibrium for the determination of cluster masses. X-rays from the core of the Perseus cluster are emitted by the 50 million K diffuse hot plasma filling its gravitational potential well. The Active Galactic Nucleus of the central galaxy NGC1275 is pumping jetted energy into the surrounding intracluster medium, creating buoyant bubbles filled with relativistic plasma. These likely induce motions in the intracluster medium and heat the inner gas preventing runaway radiative cooling; a process known as Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback. Here we report on Hitomi X-ray observations of the Perseus cluster core, which reveal a remarkably quiescent atmosphere where the gas has a line-of-sight velocity dispersion of 164+/-10 km/s in a region 30-60 kpc from the central nucleus. A gradient in the line-of-sight velocity of 150+/-70 km/s is found across the 60 kpc image of the cluster core. Turbulent pressure support in the gas is 4% or less of the thermodynamic pressure, with large scale shear at most doubling that estimate. We infer that total cluster masses determined from hydrostatic equilibrium in the central regions need little correction for turbulent pressure.Comment: 31 pages, 11 Figs, published in Nature July

Hitomi (ASTRO-H) X-ray Astronomy Satellite

The Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission is the sixth Japanese x-ray astronomy satellite developed by a large international collaboration, including Japan, USA, Canada, and Europe. The mission aimed to provide the highest energy resolution ever achieved at E  >  2  keV, using a microcalorimeter instrument, and to cover a wide energy range spanning four decades in energy from soft x-rays to gamma rays. After a successful launch on February 17, 2016, the spacecraft lost its function on March 26, 2016, but the commissioning phase for about a month provided valuable information on the onboard instruments and the spacecraft system, including astrophysical results obtained from first light observations. The paper describes the Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission, its capabilities, the initial operation, and the instruments/spacecraft performances confirmed during the commissioning operations for about a month

Self and Other in the theology of Robert Barclay

The thesis studies the Quaker thought of Robert Barclay (1648-90), focusing upon his theological views on the relationship between self and others, from his soteriology to peace testimony. The thesis has two main objects; the first is to raise the question about the modern view of Barclay. His theology has long been negatively treated as an exterior or foreign factor by the present Liberal Quakers’ self-affirmative theology. The second is to explore another possibility of understanding Quakerism and its practical applications in pacifism, from a different viewpoint than the empirical, individualistic one today. The whole research is conducted by using the concept of self as the central axis for analysis. By analysing Barclay’s theology and his peace testimony, and placing them within the contexts of traditional Christianity, the thesis indicates the other-absent character of Liberal Quakerism, and it shows an old-new Christian task that Quakers take on as a testimony to God and to Christ’s openness towards others. The specific themes are (1): ‘self-denial’ in Barclay’s theology as a counter-faith against self-reductive orthodox Calvinism and Arminianism, (2): Peculiarity of Liberal Quakerism and their historiography endorsed by an unexamined premise of self-affirmation, and the re-estimation of Barclay from that viewpoint, (3): Liberals’ self-centred orientation in pacifism in their simple belief in the calculability and reducibility of others, (4): The double-stance, or the possibility and impossibility, in Barclay’s view on perfection and the Kingdom, which is the reflection of self-other relations, as well described in Barclay’s theoretical connection of perfection to Christ’s command to ‘love one’s enemies,’ (5): the Church as a place to embody the Kingdom, and its practical extension to the entire world in pacifism, for the realisation of the Godly rule beyond the self-contained logic