Perkembangan Hidup Dan Daya Memangsa Curinus Coeruleus Mulsant Pada Beberapa Kutu Tanaman

The biological development and feeding ability of Curinus coeruleus Mulsant on several phytophthires. The research was conducted to investigate the survival and feeding capability of Curinus coeruleus Mulsant on Heteropsylla Cubana, Aleurocanthus spiniferus, Planococcus citri, and Aspidiotus destructor. The research was done in completely randomized design with eight replications. The result showed that C. coeruleus could not survive on A. spiniferus. The head width of C. coeruleus larvae did not differ significantly in A. destructor, P. citri, or H. Cubana. The head width increase of C. coeruleus larvae feeding on A. destructor followed Dyar\u27s law with growth ratio of 1,4. Larval stadium of C. coeruleus, imago stadium, longevity, and the number of consumed preys were affected by phytophthires species. C. coeruleus could feed on more H. Cubana than A. destructor, or P. citri

A Message Passing Strategy for Decentralized Connectivity Maintenance in Agent Removal

In a multi-agent system, agents coordinate to achieve global tasks through local communications. Coordination usually requires sufficient information flow, which is usually depicted by the connectivity of the communication network. In a networked system, removal of some agents may cause a disconnection. In order to maintain connectivity in agent removal, one can design a robust network topology that tolerates a finite number of agent losses, and/or develop a control strategy that recovers connectivity. This paper proposes a decentralized control scheme based on a sequence of replacements, each of which occurs between an agent and one of its immediate neighbors. The replacements always end with an agent, whose relocation does not cause a disconnection. We show that such an agent can be reached by a local rule utilizing only some local information available in agents' immediate neighborhoods. As such, the proposed message passing strategy guarantees the connectivity maintenance in arbitrary agent removal. Furthermore, we significantly improve the optimality of the proposed scheme by incorporating $\delta$-criticality (i.e. the criticality of an agent in its $\delta$-neighborhood).Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Plate on Plate Technique of Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis in Distal Tibial Fractures, an Easy and Inexpensive Method of Fracture Fixation

Background: Plate on plate technique can lessen operative time and patient morbidity. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) using plate on plate technique of locking plate fixation for closed fractures of distal tibia in a prospective study. Patients and Methods: Twenty-five patients with distal tibial fractures were treated by MIPPO using locking plate by plate on plate technique. Preoperative variables including age of patient, mode of trauma, type of fracture and soft tissue status were recorded for each patient. Perioperative variables included surgical time and radiation exposure. Postoperative variables included wound status, time to union, return to activity and the American orthopaedic foot and ankle score (AOFAS). Results: All the fractures had united at one year. The average time to union was 16.8 weeks. There were two cases of superficial infection and two cases of deep infection, which required removal of hardware after the fracture was united. The average AO foot and ankle score was 83.6 in our study population. Conclusions: MIPPO using locking plate by plate on plate technique was a safe, effective, inexpensive and easily reproducible method for the treatment of distal tibial fractures in properly selected patients, which minimized operative time and soft tissue morbidity

DBSnap 2: New Features to Construct Database Queries by Snapping Blocks

Block-based environments for creating computer programs have become very useful learning tools in computer science as they enable focusing on the logic of a program rather than on its syntactical details. While most block-based environments support conventional (imperative) instructions, a few tools have been proposed to create database queries. One of these tools is DBSnap, a highly dynamic and open-source tool to create database query trees by dragging and connecting visual blocks representing datasets and database operators. In this paper, we introduce DBSnap 2, an extension of DBSnap that provides a set of improvements to facilitate the creation of simple and complex queries. The improvements include the support of database views (a key database concept), saving and importing queries, inserting, updating, and deleting data, the creation of charts, and various visual improvements. The demonstration of DBSnap 2 will show how the new features simplify the creation of queries and enable the graphical visualization of query results

DBSnap-Eval: Identifying Database Query Construction Patterns

Learning to construct database queries can be a challenging task because students need to learn the specific query language syntax as well as properly understand the effect of each query operator and how multiple operators interact in a query. While some previous studies have looked into the types of database query errors students make and how the availability of expected query results can help to increase the success rate, there is very little that is known regarding the patterns that emerge while students are constructing a query. To be able to look into the process of constructing a query, in this paper we introduce DBSnap-Eval, a tool that supports tree-based queries (similar to SQL query plans) and a block-based querying interface to help separate the syntax and semantics of a query. DBSnap-Eval closely monitors the actions students take to construct a query such as adding a dataset or connecting a dataset with an operator. This paper presents an initial set of results about database query construction patterns using DBSnap-Eval. Particularly, it reports identified patterns in the process students follow to answer common database queries