A Toxicity study on “Karuveppilai Chooranam”

The ingredients of Karuveppilai Chooranam were purified and the drug was prepared according to the process mentioned in Anuboga vaidhya navaneetham (Part – 8, Pg.No. 121, Second Edition - 2002, Hakim P. Mohamed Abdulla Sahib) and it was selected for evaluating the toxic effects and mortality when given in short and long duration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of the drug Karuveppilai Chooranam by administering it to Wistar albino rats at various dose levels. In review of literature, the ingredients of Karuveppilai Chooranam were discussed in depth with a special attention paid to their medicinal uses and toxicological aspects. The ingredients of Karuveppilai Chooranam are karuveppilai, sundaivattral, mangkottai paruppu, omam, nelli mulli, mathulai odu, venthayam. All this drugs were purchased from Palayamkottai. The raw samples were taken purification and test medicine was prepared, as per the method narrated in the literature. Biochemical analysis of Karuveppilai Chooranam indicated the presence of amino acid, tannic acid, unsaturated compound, ferrous iron, starch and reducing sugar. Phytochemical analysis of Karuveppilai Chooranam shows the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, fixed oils and fats. FTIR study of Karuveppilai Chooranam shows the presence of halo compounds, aliphatic halo compound, aromatics, alkanes, δ-lactone, phosphorus and phosphines. Scanned Electron Microscope study of end product shows that the particles were stabilized and have irregular morphology. The particles were distributed in range 10μm and the size is below 1 μm. The Acute toxicity study was conducted to know single dose toxicity of Karuveppilai Chooranam on female Wistar Albino Rats. The study was conducted using 15 female Wistar Albino Rats. The female animals were selected for study of 6 weeks old with weight range of within ±20% of mean body weight at the time of randomization. The groups were numbered as group I, II, III, IV and V and dose with control, 5mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 2000mg/kg of Karuveppilai Chooranam The drug was administered by oral route single time and observed for 14 days. Daily the animals were observed for clinical signs and mortality. Body weight of animals was recorded once in a week. There were no physical and general behavioral changes observed in wistar albino rats of 5mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 2000mg/kg to rats during 14 days. Body weight of all animals did not reveal any significant change as compared to vehicle control group. Food consumption of all group animals was normal. Mortality was not observed in all treated groups. In Sub-acute toxicity study, the animals were selected randomly grouped into three different groups containing minimum 6 animals (3male and 3 female in each group). The groups were numbered as group I, II, III and dose with control, 250mg/kg (low dose), 500mg/kg (High dose), of Karuveppilai Chooranam. The Karuveppilai Chooranam was administered as single dose for 28 days and all animals were observed daily once. These observations were also performed on week ends. The observations included clinical signs of toxicity, food intake, water intake, body weight. No signs of toxicity were observed. There was no significant changes in food intake, water intake and body weight. No mortality occurred till the last day of the study. The blood samples were used to evaluate Hematological parameters (like RBC, WBC, HB, DC) and evaluate biochemical parameters (like SGOT, SGPT, ALP, UREA and CREATININE). No changes in haematological parameters and biochemical parameters. On completion of the 28th day of drug administration, Wistar Albino Rats were sacrificed. In macroscopic examination the Heart, Kidneys and Liver organs were weighed. The organs were normal when compared with control group. Histopathological examination revealed normal architecture in comparison with control and drug treated animal. CONCLUSION: Karuveppilai Chooranam was studied for its acute and sub-acute toxicity effect using laboratory animals. In acute toxicity study, Karuveppilai Chooranam did not produce any specific toxicity or mortality even at the dose of 2000mg/kg in wister albino rats. So No - Observed – Adverse – Effect – Level (NOAEL) of Karuveppilai Chooranam is 2000mg/kg body weight of animal. In sub-acute toxicity study, 250 and 500mg/kg of Karuveppilai Chooranam was used and it was administered once daily for 28 days through oral route. In conclusion Karuveppilai Chooranam can be considered safe, as it did not cause either any lethality or adverse changes with general behavior of rats and also there were no observable detrimental effects (250mg/kg, 500mg/kg) over a period of 28 days. It is concluded that the Karuveppilai Chooranam is relatively safe when administered orally in human for long administration upto the dose 500mg/kg

COVID-19 Pandemic and the Debatable Use of Hydroxychloroquine

Healthcare professionals and scientists were not able to provide a good answer to the COVID-19 pandemic that shook the whole world. Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial drug with a good safety profile. It can be used in pediatric subjects as well as pregnant and breastfeeding women. Hydroxychloroquine is a widely used, essential drug in dermatology. It has got anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. It was globally prescribed to prevent and treat COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The use of this drug in treating COVID-19 is debatable and for sure is not indicated in the labelling documents provided by the companies that manufacture this drug. The unnecessary use of this drug also led to short supply. We hereby review its properties, mechanism, safety profile and the issue COVID pandemic has caused to the supply of this drug

IMPLEMENTASI PEMBERIAN GANTI RUGI PEMILIK HAK ATAS TANAH YANG DIBEBASKAN DALAM PENGADAAN TANAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN UMUM KABUPATEN MALANG (STUDI KASUS DI BADAN PERTANAHAN NASIONAL KABUPATEN MALANG)

The government is carrying out infrastructure development, one of which is widening the Gondanglegi-Bantur road in Malang Regency for public purposes. However, this development is not in line with the needs of the people who feel they have become victims of the land acquisition case in Bantur Village. So the researcher is interested in raising the problem formulation, namely, what are the procedures for implementing land acquisition and determining compensation for widening the Gondanglegi-Bantur Road, Malang Regency and what are the inhibiting factors in implementing land acquisition for widening the Gondanglegi-Bantur Road, Malang Regency. To answer this problem, this research uses a sociological juridical research method where the data used is secondary data and primary data. Next, the data collection method is conducting interviews and documents. The results of the research stated that land acquisition procedures for development in the public interest had been carried out through four stages, namely planning, preparation, implementation and delivery of results, while the implementation of providing compensation to the community was in accordance with the legal provisions regulated in Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition. For Development in the Public Interest, both in relation to the stages and in the implementation of providing compensation, however the losses provided are still felt to be insufficient because the losses provided are not in accordance with the price desired by the affected community but the implementation of land acquisition is still carried out by entrusting the money to the court to be given to recipients of land acquisition compensation or known as Konas. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are the lack of communication between the parties involved and there are still many people who refuse to provide compensation which is considered very small and not in accordance with the land given

A Review of Wavelet Based Fingerprint Image Retrieval

A digital image is composed of pixels and information about brightness of image and RGB triples are used to encode color information. Image retrieval problem encountered when searching and retrieving images that is relevant to a user’s request from a database. In Content based image retrieval, input goes in the form of an image. In these images, different features are extracted and then the other images from database are retrieved accordingly. Biometric distinguishes the people by their physical or behavioral qualities. Fingerprints are viewed as a standout amongst the most solid for human distinguishment because of their uniqueness and ingenuity. To retrieve fingerprint images on the basis of their textural features,by using different wavelets. From the input fingerprint image, first of all center point area is selected and then its textural features are extracted and stored in database. When a query image comes then again its center point is selected and then its texture feature are extracted. Then these features are matched for similarity and then resultant image is displayed. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15026

Ethical and Sustainable Quantum Computing: Conceptual Model and Implications

Today, computing power is advancing with significant transformation in quantum technologies and provides state-of-the-art functionalities for next-generation digital solutions. At the same time, computing capabilities are influencing the various spheres of humanity while touching the operating models and end-user experiences. The advent of quantum computing raised many questions about the system design, development, implementation, and associated risks for human beings and species. The questions raised the call for a conceptual model to study ethics and quantum computing as a whole. The primary objective of the research is to develop a conceptual ethical and sustainable quantum computing model to investigate the ethics standards, trust levels, social aspects, access rights, privacy, moral and good-duties issues based on the current situations. The paper adopts the literature survey approach based on existing business ethics models to evaluate the model's human, organisation (society) and opportunity factors. The research has investigated the ethical constitutes of quantum computing led digital transformation. The research findings provide the substantial foundations for the research and managerial applicability to integrate the social, human, technology-based inclusive, ethical issues