The epidemiology and factors associated with nocturnal enuresis among boarding and daytime school children in southeast of Turkey: a cross sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nocturnal enuresis is an important problem among young children living in Turkey. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible differences in the prevalence of enuresis between children in boarding school and daytime school and the association of enuresis with sociodemographic factors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This was a cross-sectional survey. A total of 562 self-administered questionnaires were distrubuted to parents from two different types of schools. One of them was a day-time school and the other was a boarding school. To describe enuresis the ICD-10 definition of at least one wet night per month for three consecutive months was used. Chi-square test and a logistic regression model was used to identify significant predictive factors for enuresis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 14.9%. The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis declined with age. Of the 6 year old children 33.3% still wetted their beds, while the ratio was 2.6% for 15 years-olds. There was no significant difference in prevalence of nocturnal enuresis between boys and girls (14.3% versus 16. 8%). Enuresis was reported as 18.5% among children attending day time school and among those 11.5% attending boarding school (p < 0.05). Prevalence of enuresis was increased in children living in villages, with low income and with positive family history (p < 0.05). After multivariate analysis, history of urinary tract infection (OR = 2.02), age (OR = 1.28), low monthly income (OR = 2.86) and family history of enuresis (OR = 3.64) were factors associated with enuresis. 46.4% of parents and 57.1% of enuretic children were significantly concerned about the impact of enuresis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Enuresis was more frequent among children attending daytime school when compared to boarding school. Our findings suggest that nocturnal enuresis is a common problem among school children, especially with low income, smaller age, family history of enuresis and history of urinary tract infection. Enuresis is a pediatric public health problem and efforts at all levels should be made such as preventive, etiological and curative.</p

The second report from Turkey: waist percentiles for 6-11-year-old children in Elazig Province, Eastern Anatolia

Objective: To construct waist percentiles for 6-11-year-old Turkish children in Elazig Province, Eastern Anatolia

DNA cleavage, antimicrobial studies and a DFT-based QSAR study of new antimony(III) complexes as glutathione reductase inhibitor

WOS: 000347583300024PubMed ID: 25459701New antimony(III) complexes, [Sb(2-aminopyridine)(2)Cl-3]), (1a), [Sn(2-aminopyridine)(2)Br-3] (1b), [Sb(5-methyl-2-aminopyridine)(2)Cl-3] (2a), [Sb(5-methyl-2-aminopyridine)(2)Br-3] (2b), [Sb(2-aminopyrimidine)(2)Cl-3] (3a), [Sb(2-aminopyrimidine)(2)Br-3] (3b), [Sb(4,6-dimethoxy-2-aminopyrimidine)(2)Cl-3] (4a), [Sb(4,6-dimethoxy-2-aminopyrimidine)(2)Br-3] (4b), [Sb(2-amino-1,3,5-triazine)(2)Cl-3] (5a), [Sb(2-amino-1,3,5-triazine)(2)Br-3] (5b), [Sb(2-guanidinobenzimidazole) Cl-3] (6a), [Sb(2-guanidinobenzimidazole)Br-3] (6b) [Sb(2- benzyl-2-thiopseudeourea)(2)Cl-3] (7a) and [Sb(2- benzyl-2-thiopseudeourea)(2)Br-3] (7b) were synthesized. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, molecular conductivity, FT-IR, H-1 NMR, LC-MS techniques. Glutathione reductase inhibitor activity, antimicrobial activity and DNA cleavage studies of the complexes were determined. The geometrical structures of the complexes were optimized by DFT/B3LYP method with LANL2DZ as basis set. Calculation results indicated that the equilibrium geometries of all complexes have square pyramidal shape. About 350 molecular descriptors (constitutional, topological, geometrical, electrostatic and quantum chemical parameters) of the complexes were calculated by DFT/B3LYP/LANL2DZ method with CODESSA software. Calculated molecular parameters were correlated to glutathione reductase inhibitory activity values (pIC(50)) of all complexes by Best Multi-Linear Regression (BMLR) method. Obtained two-parameter QSAR equation shows that increase in "maximum partial charge for a H atom" and decrease in HOMO-LUMO gap would be favorable for the glutathione reductase inhibitory activity. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) ProjectTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [212T089]; Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)This work has been supported in part by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Project no: 212T089 and by Russian Foundation for Basic Research. We are grateful to Prof. Dr. Ningur Noyanalpan for helpful comments

THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF SOLDIERS IN A GENDARMERIE COMMAND HEADQUARTERS ABOUT FAMILY PLANNING AND VENEREAL DISEASES

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of young male soldiers about family planning. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Gendarmerie Command Headquarters, Elazig City, eastern Turkey, carried out on 14 April 2004. One hundred ninety-one of 209 soldiers who were present at the Gendarmerie Command Headquarters were included in the study. A questionnaire, developed by the researchers evaluating the goals of the study, was filled out by the subjects prior to the Family Planning Seminar given to the soldiers. Data were assessed using SPSS and the chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Defining family planning correctly, being familiar with planning methods and a knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and their prevention was found to be at low levels among soldiers. A knowledge of family planning, birth control methods, identification and prevention of STD was higher with higher levels of education. The most familiar family planning methods were condom and oral contraceptive use. Soldiers constitute one of the most significant target groups for education programs

Weight, height and BMI references in Elazig: an east Anatolian city

The aim of this study was to produce the growth references for Elazig children aged 6-11 years. Data were collected in eight primary schools of Elazig in 2007. Age-and gender-specific height, weight and body mass index (BMI) references were produced with LMS (Lambda-Mu-Sigma) method and compared with reported values in an Anatolian and a metropolitan city. A total of 3,342 (1,634 females, 1,708 males) children aged 6-11 years from among 4,258 students were included in the study. Age-and gender-specific height, weight and BMI references were produced. The 3rd-97th percentiles were detected to be higher than the range of percentiles between 6-11-year-old children. We consider that this first local reference for Elazig will provide a useful tool for health planning and monitoring of growth and development

Phosphorus nitrogen compounds: Part 34. Syntheses, structural investigations, cytotoxic and biological activities of spiro-ansa-spiro and spiro-bino-spiro tetrameric phosphazene derivatives

Hokelek, Tuncer/0000-0002-8602-4382; Asmafiliz, Nuran/0000-0002-9335-4101WOS: 000374385600010The reactions of N4P4Cl8 with the symmetric N2N2 (1-3) and N2O2 (4) bulky ligands gave partly substituted 2,4-sas (5 and 6), 2,6-sas (7-10) and sbs (11-14) tetrameric phosphazene derivatives. The 2,4-sas-5, 2,6-sas-8 and sbs-12 reacted with pyrrolidine to give fully-substituted tetra-(15 and 16) and dode-capyrrolidinocyclotetraphosphazenes (17-19). The structures of all the phosphazenes were verified by FTIR, MS, H-1, C-13{H-1} and P-31{H-1} NMR, and HSQC spectral data. The crystal structures of 7, 9 and 10 were examined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The compounds 1-3, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16 and 18 were screened for antimicrobial activity against G(+) and G(-) bacteria and fungi. The compound 16 is found to possess excellent activity (MIC values of 39 and 78 mu M) against fungal pathogen Candida krusei and Candida albicans. Meanwhile, interactions between pBR322 plasmid DNA and 1-3, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16 and 18 were investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The compounds 5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16 and 18 were appraised for their cytotoxic activity against L929 Fibroblast and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Compounds 13 and 16 are as effective as cis-platin. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Ankara University, Scientific Research Unit (Turkey) [13B4240001]; Turkish Academy of Sciences - Turkey (Turkiye Bilimler Akademisi)The authors acknowledge the "Ankara University, Scientific Research Unit (Turkey)" Grant No. 13B4240001. Z.K. thanks the Turkish Academy of Sciences - Turkey (Turkiye Bilimler Akademisi) for partial support of this work

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 36. Syntheses, Langmuir-Blodgett thin films and biological activities of spiro-bino-spiro trimeric phosphazenes

Hokelek, Tuncer/0000-0002-8602-4382; Aydin, Betul/0000-0002-9092-1350; Asmafiliz, Nuran/0000-0002-9335-4101WOS: 000387621500073The condensation reactions of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (N3P3Cl6, trimer) with the symmetric N2N2 or N2O2 donor type tetradentate bulky ligands (1-4) gave partly substituted spiro-bino-spiro (sbs) (5-8) trimeric phosphazenes. Compounds 5-8 reacted with pyrrolidine, morpholine and 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4,5]decane (DASD) to give octapyrrolidino-(9-12), morpholino-(13-16) and DASD-substituted cyclotriphosphazenes (17-20). The structures of the phosphazenes have been elucidated using FTIR, MS, H-1, C-13{H-1} and P-31{H-1} NMR, and HSQC spectral data. The molecular and solid-state structures of 5, 6 and 12 were verified by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. On the other hand, the ultrathin and highly ordered Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of compounds 6, 7, 9 and 12 were also fabricated. The structural characterization of the LB films was made using p-polarized grazing angle (GAIR) and horizontal attenuated total reflectance (HATR) techniques. All the novel phosphazene derivatives were evaluated for antibacterial activities against Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G-) bacteria and for antifungal activities against yeast strains. In addition, the cytotoxic effects of compounds 9, 13, 15, 16, 19 and 20 were investigated against L929 fibroblast and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The most active one among these compounds was compound 9 at 6.25 mu g mL(-1) concentration. The interactions between compounds 5-20 and pBR322 plasmid DNA were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis.Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA)Turkish Academy of Sciences; Hacettepe University, Scientific Research UnitHacettepe University [013D04602004]Z. K. thanks the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for partial support of this work. M. C. and T. H. acknowledge the financial support of this work by Hacettepe University, Scientific Research Unit (Grant No: 013D04602004)

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds part 33: in vitro cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities, DNA interactions, syntheses, and structural investigations of new mono(4-nitrobenzyl)spirocyclotriphosphazenes

Aydin, Betul/0000-0002-9092-1350; okumus, aytug/0000-0002-2169-5695; Hokelek, Tuncer/0000-0002-8602-4382; Akbas, Huseyin/0000-0002-3013-9033WOS: 000373617700018The condensation reactions of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, N3P3Cl6, with N-alkyl-N'-mono(4-nitrobenzyl)diamines (1-3), NO2PhCH2NH(CH2) (n) NHR1 (R-1 = CH3 or C2H5), led to the formation of the mono(4-nitrobenzyl)spirocyclotriphosphazenes (4-6). The tetra-pyrrolidino (4a-6a), piperidino (4b-6b), and 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4,5]decaphosphazenes (4c-6c) were prepared from(for) the reactions of partly substituted compounds (4, 5, and 6) with excess pyrrolidine, piperidine, and 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4,5]decane (DASD), respectively. The partly substituted geminal (4d and 5d) and cis-morpholino (6d) phosphazenes were isolated from the reactions of excess morpholine in boiling THF and o-xylene, but the expected fully substituted compounds were not obtained. The structures of all the phosphazene derivatives were determined by elemental analyses, MS, FTIR, H-1, C-13{H-1}, P-31{H-1} NMR, HSQC, and HMBC techniques. The crystal structures of 4, 6, 4a, and 5a were verified by X-ray diffraction analysis. In addition, in vitro cytotoxic activities of fully substituted phosphazenes (4a-6c) against HeLa cervical cancer cell lines (ATCC CCL-2) and the compounds 4a and 4c against breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231) and L929 fibroblast cells were evaluated, respectively. Apoptosis effect was determined by MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines and fibroblast cells. The MIC values of the compounds were in the ranges of 9.8-19.5 A mu M. The compounds 6, 5a, 6a, 5b, and 6d have greater MIC activity against bacterial and yeast strain. The investigation of DNA binding with the phosphazenes was studied using plasmid DNA. The phosphazene derivatives inhibit the restriction endonuclease cleavage of plasmid DNA by BamHI and HindIII enzymes. BamHI and HindIII digestion results demonstrate that the compounds bind with G/G and A/A nucleotides.Ankara University, Scientific Research UnitAnkara University [09B4240006]; Hacettepe University Scientific Research Project UnitHacettepe University [013 D04 602 004]; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA)Turkish Academy of SciencesThe authors acknowledge the "Ankara University, Scientific Research Unit" Grant No. 09B4240006. T. H. is grateful to Hacettepe University Scientific Research Project Unit (Grant No. 013 D04 602 004) and Z. K. thanks the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for partial support of this work

Assessment of rational use of drugs and self-medication in Turkey: A pilot study from Elazig and its suburbs

WOS: 000382352200017PubMed ID: 27592477The concepts of "essential drugs" and "national drug policy" described by the World Health Assembly in 1975 were the first steps taken towards the rational use of drugs (RUD). According to WHO, more than half of all medicines worldwide are prescribed, dispensed or sold inappropriately and half of the patients fail to take them appropriately. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the habits of patients related to RUD with a specific aim to investigate the factors associated with self-medication. This descriptive survey study was carried out in Elazig, located at the Southeastern region of Turkey. A Rational Usage of Drug Questionnaire", querying the socio-demographic characteristics, health status, knowledge and manners of people with respect to rational drug use and insensible consumption of over the counter (OTC) drugs was applied to a total of 3521 patients during 19.09.2014 to 26.09.2014. The number of females and males were almost equal and the majority were in the range of 25-45 years of age. It was found that 58.9% of patients were practising some form of self-medication, 29.4% of the patients were reported using antibiotics without prescriptionand55.5% of them discontinued antibiotherapy. Self-medication was found to be more common among males, more educated patients and less frequent among patients under 1-8 years and over 65 years of age and patients with a chronic disease. Patient awareness about RUD is inadequate in Turkey as in many countries. Considering the high rates of haphazard use of drugs, drug usage without prescription, i.e. OTC drugs, should be discouraged. It is possible to take significant steps towards increasing awareness in terms of RUD with the cooperation of physicians, health organizations, educational institutions, non-governmental organizations and media. Might then be possible to achieve the expected benefits of the drugs