Cerebellum progesterone concentration decreased in canine distemper virus infection

/0000-0002-0636-4214WOS: 000244921000006PubMed: 16919304Progesterone has neuroprotective effects including augmentation of myelination in the central and peripheral nervous system. This study was designed to determine if demyelinating lesions in the cerebellum resulting from canine distemper virus (CDV) infection are associated with progesterone levels. Progesterone was measured using radioinummoassay in samples of the cerebellum, corpus callosum, medulla oblongata, parietal, frontal, temporal, and occipital cortices as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma collected from ten CDV infected and six non-infected dogs. The cerebellum progesterone level was significantly different between CDV infected (0.66 +/- 0.09 ng/g) and control dogs (1.14 +/- 0.09 ng/g) (p 0.05). The cerebellum progesterone level was also significantly different between acute (0.71 +/- 0.05 ng/g) and chronic cases (0.61 +/- 0.09 ng/g) (p < 0.05). The CDV infected cerebella were also categorized histopathologically according to the severity of demyelinating lesions as mild (n = 5), moderate (n = 2), or severe (n = 3) among which the cerebellum progesterone level was significantly different (p < 0.05). Progesterone concentration was 0.71 +/- 0.05 ng/g in mild, 0.65 +/- 0.10 ng/g in moderate, and 0.56 +/- 0.07 ng/g in severe cases. In conclusion, progesterone concentration decreases in the cerebellum in CDV infection and the severity of demyelinating lesions is the greatest in cerebella with the lowest progesterone concentrations. The results suggest that local impairment of progesterone metabolism may be associated with the initiation and progression of cerebellar lesions in CDV infection. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Hesperidin ublažava upalu kod modela štakora s metaboličkim sindromom

In metabolic syndrome, activated inflammatory signaling pathways trigger the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Nowadays, the use of natural bioactive compounds is trending as an alternative method for the treatment and management of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to assess the potential effects of hesperidin in the metabolic syndrome model by analyzing the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in serum and liver. Rats were divided into 4 groups: Control (Rats were fed a standard chow diet and water ad libitum), hesperidin [Rats were fed hesperidin supplemented standard chow diet (1%, 10 g/kg feed) and water ad libitum] metabolic syndrome (Rats were fed standard chow diet with 10% fructose-added-drinking-water), and metabolic syndrome + hesperidin (Rats were fed a hesperidin-added standard chow diet (1%, 10 g/kg) with 10% fructose-added-drinking-water). Rats were sacrificed under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia, blood was obtained and liver tissues were removed. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-beta in the serum and liver were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the metabolic syndrome group, higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6, but lower serum and liver interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta were found in the serum and liver compared to the control group. In addition, in the metabolic syndrome + hesperidin group lower interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 but higher serum interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta were found in the serum and liver compared to the metabolic syndrome groups. Consequently, hesperidin suppressed the serum and liver proinflammatory cytokine response and stimulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine response in the metabolic syndrome rat model.Kod metaboličkog sindroma aktivirani upalni signalni putevi pokreću otpuštanje proupalnih citokina. Pri liječenju odnosno upravljanju metaboličkim sindromom, danas je kao alternativna metoda sve češća upotreba prirodnih bioaktivnih sastojaka. Cilj je istraživanja bio procijeniti moguće učinke hesperidina kod modela štakora s metaboličkim sindromom. Analizirani su proupalni i protuupalni citokini u serumu i jetri. Štakori su podijeljeni u četiri skupine: kontrolna skupina (štakori hranjeni standardnom hranom za žvakanje i vodom ad libitum), skupina hesperidin (štakori hranjeni standardnom hranom za žvakanje kojoj je dodan hesperidin 1%, 10 g/kg hrane i voda ad libitum) skupina s metaboličkim sindromom (štakori hranjeni standardnom hranom za žvakanje s 10% fruktoze dodane u vodu za piće) i skupina s metaboličkim sindromom i hesperidinom (štakori hranjeni standardnom hranom za žvakanje kojoj je dodan hesperidin 1%, 10 g/kg s 10% fruktoze u vodi za piće). Štakori su eutanazirani uz anesteziju ketaminom i ksilazinom, te su im uzeti uzorci krvi i tkiva jetre. Testom ELISA, u serumu i jetri, izmjereni su faktor tumorske nekroze-alfa, interleukin -1 beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 i transformacijski faktor rasta-beta. U skupini s metaboličkim sindromom u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom pronađene su povišene vrijednosti faktora tumorske nekroze-alfa, interleukina 1-beta i interlekina-6 te snižene vrijednosti interleukina-10 i transformacijskog faktora rasta-beta. Osim toga, u skupini s metaboličkim sindromom i hesperidinom u odnosu na skupinu s metabaličkim sindromom pronađene su snižene vrijednosti interleukina -1 beta i interleukina-6 te povišene vrijednosti interleukina-10 i transformacijskog faktora rasta-beta. Zaključeno je da je u modelu štakora s metaboličkim sindromom hesperidin potisnuo odgovor proupalnih citokina u serumu i jetri te potaknuo protuupalni odgovor citokina

Myelin basic protein profile of central nervous system in experimentally induced demyelination and remyelination

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess myelin basic protein (MBP) profiles of central nervous system in experimentally induced demyelination and remyelination

Decreased Serum Adenosine Deaminase Activity Correlated with Clinical Score and Serum Proteins in Calves with Cryptosporidiosis

WOS: 000381235100018This study was aimed to investigate serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in calves with cryptosporidiosis. Significantly higher serum concentrations of globulin (P<0.01), blood urea nitrogen (P<0.01) and creatinine (P<0.01) were found and significantly lower albumin concentration (P<0.01) and albumin to globulin (A/G) ratio (P<0.001) in calves with cryptosporidiosis compared to healthy calves. Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was determined as 4.12+/-0.91 U/l; in calves with cryptosporidiosis compared to 10.27+/-1.71 U/l in healthy calves, which was significant at P<0.01 level. Serum ADA was negatively correlated with clinical score (P<0.05), which serum total protein concentration (P<0.05), serum globulin concentration (P<0.01) and serum A/G ratio (P<0.05) were positivity correlated in calves with cryptosporidiosis. From these results we concluded that cryptosporidiosis infection is closely related to low serum ADA activity which correlated with clinical score and serum total protein, globulin and A/G ratio in-calves. The results of the present study indicate possible role of ADA in development and progression of cryptosporidiosis

The effects of aging on the central nervous system steroid profiles and myelin basic protein in rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aging on the central nervous system steroid and myelin basic protein (MBP) profiles. Forty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats (newborn, 1, 6, 12 and 24-months-old) were studied. Tissues were obtained from the cerebellum and parietal, frontal, temporal cortex of the central nervous system of the rats for steroid extraction. The estradiol, progesteron, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The average levels of estradiol (pg/g), progesteron (ng/g), DHEA (ng/g) and testosterone (ng/g) in the brain tissues were respectively 24.29, 4.59, 0.27, 0.92 in the newborn-rats; 4.18 +/- 1.10, 1.54 +/- 0.30, 0.28 +/- 0.01, 0.57 +/- 0.10 in the 1 month-old-rats; 11.02 +/- 1.10, 2.96 +/- 0.30, 0.27 +/- 0.01, 0.61 +/- 0.10 in the 6 month-old-rats; 15.80 +/- 1.10, 4.80 +/- 0.30, 0.28 +/- 0.10, 0.67 +/- 0.10 in the 12 month-old-rats; 20.07 +/- 1.10, 4.12 +/- 0.30, 0.28 +/- 0.01, 0.55 +/- 0.10 in the 24 month-old-rats. The myelin basic protein levels were determined by immunohistochemical staining and an elevation was observed in conjunction with the aging process. The results of the study indicate that the alterations in MBP, DHEA, progesterone, testosterone and estrodiol concentrations in the central nervous system of the rats during aging can be considered fundamental for future animal and human studies. (C) 2012, Editrice Kurti

Expression of Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Its Type 2 Receptor in the Ovary of Pregnant and Cyclic Domestic Cats

To evaluate the expression of AMH and its receptor AMHRII, ovaries of 33 p cats were investigated by western blot and immunohistochemistry. After ovariohysterectomy, the cats were grouped according to pregnancy stages and ovarian/placental endocrine activity: group I (n = 3, 24–29 days), II (n = 8, 32–40 days), III (n = 4, 41–46 days), IV (n = 6, 53–61 days) and according to cycle stages: V (n = 6, interestrus) and VI (n = 6, estrus). Serum progesterone- and AMH-concentration was measured. Follicle numbers did not differ between groups. The number of corpora lutea was higher in pregnant cats than in the non-pregnant cats. Serum AMH concentration was at maximum between day 30 and 50 of gestation, and was higher than in non-pregnant cats, then decreased towards term (p p 2 = 0.832, p p ˂ 0.05). We conclude that AMH and AMHRII expression in the feline ovary is comparable to other species. The high serum AMH concentration and ovarian AMHRII expression between day 30 and 50 of gestation are probably related to ovarian activity and follicular atresia

Evaluation of plasma and milk haptoglobin concentrations in the diagnosis and treatment follow-up of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows

The purpose of this study was to examine whether plasma and milk haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations could be an alternative method for the diagnosis and treatment follow-up of subclinical mastitis (SM) in dairy cows. In the study, 14 cows with subclinical mastitis (SM) in more than one udder quarter and 5 healthy control cows were used. Cows in the non-treated group (GNT; n=6) did not receive any treatment while cows in the treated group (GT; n=8) were treated with intramammary cefquinom sulphate on the second week. Healthy cows were evaulated as Control group (GC). Plasma Hp concentrations did not differ within groups and between groups (p&gt;0.05). When compared milk Hp concentrations within groups, there was a slight increase in GT on the third week (p&lt;0.05) and the concentrations in GNT and GC did not reveal any difference (p&gt;0.05). A relationship between CMT scores, SCC values, plasma Hp and milk Hp concentrations was not established. It was concluded that plasma Hp and milk Hp are not useful parameters to diagnose and monitor the treatment efficacy of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows

Serum Concentrations of Anti-Mullerian Hormone and its Expression in the Remnant Ovarian Tissue of Rats with Experimentally Induced Ovarian Remnant Syndrome

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is synthesised in the Sertoli cells of the testes and granulosa cells of the ovary. As the ovaries seem to be the primary source of AMH, it may be used for determination of the presence or absence of ovaries or ovarian remnants in mammalians. The purpose of the present study was to compare the serum AMH concentration of rats with experimentally induced ovarian remnant syndrome and the expression of AMH in the ovarian tissue removed during ovariohysterectomy and remnant ovarian tissue. A total of eighteen Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study. Group I consisted of 6 rats that were gone through ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) experimentally, group II consisted of 6 rats in which both ovaries were removed and group III consisted of 6 rats that were sham-operated. Median laparotomy was performed in the all groups under general anaesthesia. AMH mRNA expression was determined using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). AMH mRNA expression levels in group I were decreased on day 30 after surgery when compared to day 0 (P>0.05). Mean concentration of serum AMH on day 10 after surgery in group I, II and III were found 2.27 +/- 0.52 ng/ml, <0.312 ng/ml and 3.96 +/- 0.53 ng/ml, respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, this finding suggests that evaluation of serum AMH concentration could be an useful method to determine the presence or absence of ovaries or ovarian remnants in the rat