Antony & Cleopatra: A Study in Polarities

In reading or seeing Antony and Cleopatra, several clear dualities emerge. The first is the polarity between Egypt and Rome as different settings for the action. Rome is cold, mechanical, rational, and businesslike, whereas Egypt is lush, erotic, exotic, and langourous. Antony is torn between the two worlds, and this split of loyalty and interest helps to make the second duality of the play, that of the personalities and attitudes of the main characters. Antony and Cleopatra are both seen in double perspective--as lustful, self-gratifying sinners and as lovers in a truly transcendent sense of love. Both perspectives are important to the play, and the tension between them is never entirely resolved. Finally, the tone of the play is neither purely tragic nor purely comic, but is a mixture of both. Antony and Cleopatra was written just before the period of the great tragi-comic romances, and may be seen as the first of these, or a transition piece between tragedy and tragi-comedy, rather than as a pure tragedy. These three polarities, Rome-Egypt, Antony and Cleopatra as lustful epicures vs. Antony and Cleopatra the world\u27s greatest lovers, and the mixture of tragedy and comedy, form the framework of Antony and Cleopatra and make it one of the richest and most varied of plays

The Costuming of Hair: An Interdisciplinary Study

This paper discussed the interdisciplinary study of costuming in general and specifically that of the musical, Hair. In addition to the discipline of theatre, costuming employs several other art forms and thereby may be considered an interdisciplinary art form. Basic to the development of costumes for Hair was knowledge of literature, visual arts and history. It is necessary to read and interpret a play very carefully in terms of relating the written words of the script to the costumes of the character. The actual designing of costumes entails basic drawing and design abilities as well as a creative artistic approach. In cases where a specific historic period is being used the research often includes art history books. By studying paintings and sculpture from a specific era one is able to establish a general flavor of the time period. Costume design is an interdisciplinary art form from the standpoint that it cannot stand alone as a separate entity and must include various art forms to be successful. It is extremely important that a designer have a firm grasp on the content and message of the play. Hair, written by Gerome Ragni and James Rado in 1969 can best be described as an anti-war play. The action of the play takes place in New York City in 1969 during the height of the hippy protests against the Vietnam War. This was a time of great individuality in dress and in mode of living. It was necessary, therefore to examine each character thoroughly in order to get a sense of his or her inner being. The director and designer agreed to emphasize the gentle aspect of hippies rather than concentrate on the rebelliousness of the era. In costuming an educational theatre production one of the items of greatest importance is the budget. During the late Sixties there was great emphasis placed on pre-owned clothing. Therefore, it seemed feasible to take most items from the vault and alter them to fit the actors and their roles. The following items had to be designed and constructed: a caftan and maternity padding for Jeanie, a satin shirt and one enormous dress which was designed to fit three actors while they performed enbloc. Musical theatre always presents the challenge of designing for the choreography. Hair was an extra challenge because of the rigors involved with the choreography. Clothing was constantly being repaired because of the strenuous leaps. It was necessary to very carefully secure wigs and hair pieces to withstand the vigorous movement involved with the choreography. Most of the costumes for Hair were coordinated rather than constructed. All of the articles of clothing and accessories that were considered costume possibilities were taken from the vault and divided into groups according to size. After carefully choosing specific items for the leads, the chorus was then costumed according to size. Chapter V discusses the costume design and technique for each of the lead characters. It has been the intent of this writer to describe the interdisciplinary techniques used in designing a production in general and specifically Hair. It is assumed that this project will be useful to the writer\u27s career development and to other designers should they choose a project

Effects of Beta-alanine Supplementation and High Intensity Interval training among Recreationally Active Females

Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid that when combined with L-histidine forms the dipeptide carnosine. Recent research has shown that supplementary intake of beta-alanine can substantially increase carnosine content in muscle fibers and has been associated with attenuating fatigue and enhancing high intensity exercise performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 4 weeks of beta-alanine supplementation combined with high intensity interval training (HIIT) on indices of aerobic and anaerobic performance, rowing performance, and body composition. Twenty-one recreationally active females (22.2 ± 2.2 yrs.) participated in a double blind, placebo controlled study and were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: beta-alanine (BA, n = 8), placebo (PLA, n = 7), or control (CON, n = 6). Prior to and following 4 weeks of supplementation all groups had anthropometric measurements done and body composition was determined using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Participants also performed a graded exercise test on the rowing ergometer to determine VO2 peak, ventilatory threshold (VT), and time to exhaustion (TTE). Additionally, participants came back to the lab to complete a 1,000 m time trial (TT) to determine time for completion and peak power output (PPO). During the 4 week intervention the BA and PLA groups completed a 7 minute 1: 1 (work: recovery) HIIT protocol that was a pre-determined workload whilst consuming either 6.4 g/day of BA or PLA. All three groups showed significant improvements from pre to post testing in VO2 peak, TTE, VT, TT, PPO and a reduction in total BF% in arms (p ≤ 0.05). While several of the variables had significant interactions between groups: VO2 peak, TTE, TT, PPO, BF% legs, and BF% trunk, (p ≤ 0.05), post hoc testing revealed that peak power output was the only the variable that showed a significant difference between the BA and PLA groups as compared to the CON group during post testing (p = 0.00). The results of this study suggest that HIIT can enhance measures of aerobic capacity and increase PPO, while beta-alanine supplementation did not seem to have much of an effect on training

The Vehicle, Spring 1970, Vol. 12 no. 2

Vol. 12, No. 2 Table of Contents Prose short storyCarol Jean Baumgartepage 5 essayDan Franklinpage 8 short storyMary Yarbroughpage 21 Poetry Sara Brinkerhoffpage 20 Nick Dagerpage 18 E.S.page 17 Harry Fordpage 20 Melinda Gimbutpage 19 Ann Graffpage 20 Heather Hoebelpage 7 Becky McIntoshpage 20 John Metcalfpage 17 Mary Pipekpage 19 Cynthia C. Yohopage 17 Photography Dennis Hoaglundpages 5, 10, 21 Dale Huberpage 23 Scott Redfieldpages 7, 19 Tribute to the Ordinary Studentpage 11artMike DorseystoryNick Dagerhttps://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1022/thumbnail.jp

Effects of a Nighttime Multi-Ingredient Supplement on Recovery from a Damaging Exercise Protocol

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 471-481, 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a nighttime multi-ingredient supplement on noninvasive markers of recovery in resistance trained and untrained individuals. Forty-nine participants, both trained (n=25) and untrained (n=24) completed the randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Trained participants were randomly divided into supplement (n=12) and placebo (n=13) groups. Untrained participants were randomly divided into supplement (n=14) and placebo (n=10) groups. Two, 2 (supplement group) x 2 (training status) x 5 (time points) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were utilized to determine if an interaction for supplement group and training status existed for peak force (PForce) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Four, 2 (supplement group) x 2 (training status) x 4 (time points) repeated measures ANOVAs was employed for SWVL-Long, SWVL-Tera, SWVL-Trans and ROM to determine interactions for supplement group and training status. For significant main effects, pairwise comparisons were utilized to determine at what time-points significant differences occurred. There were no significant interactions for either DOMS or PForce. However, significant main effects of time were observed for both variables (p\u3c0.001). No significant interactions were determined for either training group, or supplement group for SWVL-Tera, SWVL-Trans, SWVL-Long, or ROM. Although the SWVL-Long had a significant main effect of time (p=0.033), post-hoc pairwise comparisons revealed no significant differences between time points. There was no effect of the nighttime multi-ingredient supplement for attenuation of symptoms associated with acute exercise induced muscle damage

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

The Costuming of Hair: An Interdisciplinary Study

This paper discussed the interdisciplinary study of costuming in general and specifically that of the musical, Hair. In addition to the discipline of theatre, costuming employs several other art forms and thereby may be considered an interdisciplinary art form. Basic to the development of costumes for Hair was knowledge of literature, visual arts and history. It is necessary to read and interpret a play very carefully in terms of relating the written words of the script to the costumes of the character. The actual designing of costumes entails basic drawing and design abilities as well as a creative artistic approach. In cases where a specific historic period is being used the research often includes art history books. By studying paintings and sculpture from a specific era one is able to establish a general flavor of the time period. Costume design is an interdisciplinary art form from the standpoint that it cannot stand alone as a separate entity and must include various art forms to be successful. It is extremely important that a designer have a firm grasp on the content and message of the play. Hair, written by Gerome Ragni and James Rado in 1969 can best be described as an anti-war play. The action of the play takes place in New York City in 1969 during the height of the hippy protests against the Vietnam War. This was a time of great individuality in dress and in mode of living. It was necessary, therefore to examine each character thoroughly in order to get a sense of his or her inner being. The director and designer agreed to emphasize the gentle aspect of hippies rather than concentrate on the rebelliousness of the era. In costuming an educational theatre production one of the items of greatest importance is the budget. During the late Sixties there was great emphasis placed on pre-owned clothing. Therefore, it seemed feasible to take most items from the vault and alter them to fit the actors and their roles. The following items had to be designed and constructed: a caftan and maternity padding for Jeanie, a satin shirt and one enormous dress which was designed to fit three actors while they performed enbloc. Musical theatre always presents the challenge of designing for the choreography. Hair was an extra challenge because of the rigors involved with the choreography. Clothing was constantly being repaired because of the strenuous leaps. It was necessary to very carefully secure wigs and hair pieces to withstand the vigorous movement involved with the choreography. Most of the costumes for Hair were coordinated rather than constructed. All of the articles of clothing and accessories that were considered costume possibilities were taken from the vault and divided into groups according to size. After carefully choosing specific items for the leads, the chorus was then costumed according to size. Chapter V discusses the costume design and technique for each of the lead characters. It has been the intent of this writer to describe the interdisciplinary techniques used in designing a production in general and specifically Hair. It is assumed that this project will be useful to the writer\u27s career development and to other designers should they choose a project