The effect of hippophae rhamnoides extract on oral mucositis induced in rats with methotrexate

Objective: To investigate the effect of HRE (Hippophae rhamnoides extract) on oral mucositis induced in rats with MTX. Material and Methods: Experimental animals were divided into groups as healthy (HG), HRE+MTX (HMTX), and control group, which received MTX (MTXC). HMTX group received 50 mg/kg HRE while MTXC and HG groups received equivolume distilled water with gavage once a day. After one hour of HRE and distilled water administration, HMTX and MTXC groups received a single dose of oral MTX 5 mg/ kg. This procedure was repeated for one month. Results: The levels of MDA, IL-1β, and TNF-α were found to be significantly higher in the cheek, lower lip, and tongue tissue of the animals receiving MTX, compared with HG and HMTX groups; however, these parameters were lower in the cheek and low lip tissue, and a milder damage ocurred in these tissues, compared with the tongue tissue in MTXC group. No histopathologic damage was observed in the cheek, lower lip, and tongue tissues of the rats treated with HRE. Conclusion: This findings indicate that HRE as a natural product is an important advantage compared with synthetic drugs for prophylaxis of oral mucositis developed due to MTX

Investigating CFTR gene variations in patient groups with positive newborn screening test results and preliminary clinical diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in the eastern anatolia region of Turkey

Cystic fibrosis (CF, OMIM: #219700), caused by biallelic pathogenic variations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, is the most common monogenic disease. The present study aimed to investigate CFTR gene variations in patients with a positive screening test result for CF and those with a clinical suspicion of CF. Overall, 443 patients (190 females/253 males) were retrospectively included. Of these, a positive neonatal screening test result for CF was reported in 124 patients (58 females/66 males) and a preliminary clinical diagnosis of CF based on recurrent lung infection and/or delayed weight gain was reported in 327 patients (134 females/193 males). All patients were evaluated based on clinical findings, sweat test (ST) results, and CFTR gene sequence analysis results. In the group of 116 patients having a positive neonatal screening test result for CF, heterozygous variations were observed in 21 (18%) patients, compound heterozygous variations in 9 (8%) patients, and homozygous variations in 5 (4%) patients. In the group of 327 patients with a clinical suspicion of CF, heterozygous variations were observed in 52 (16%) patients, compound heterozygous variations in 26 (8%) patients, and homozygous variations in 11 (3%) patients. When the two groups were cumulatively evaluated, the most common mutant alleles were Pro1013Leu (10.4%), Tyr515* (9.6%), and Phe508del (4.8%). In the total study sample of 443 patients, 51 different variants were detected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study that demonstrated CFTR gene variation distribution in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. In this study, mutation distribution was highly heterogeneous, and we believe that investigation of the entire CFTR gene is necessary and would improve the diagnostic rates for CF in the Turkish population. [Med-Science 2021; 10(2.000): 293-8

Screening of MC4R, LEP, LEPR, POMC, SH2B1, and SIM1 genes in Turkish children with severe early-onset obesity

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of leptin (LEP), leptin receptors (LEPR), melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), single-minded 1 (SIM1), and SH2B1 gene variations in Turkish children and adolescents, and to conduct a detailed examination of the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with variants. In this study, we included 49 children and adolescents (29 male/20 female) who presented to the Pediatric Endocrinology clinic of Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital between 2017 and 2020 with obesity. Family history with regards to obesity, parental consanguinity, obesity-related comorbidities, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests of the patients were recorded in the clinical evaluation. LEP, LEPR, MC4R, POMC, SIM1, and SH2B1 genes, which are associated with monogenic obesity, were evaluated by the next generation sequencing analysis in all patients. The mean age of 49 patients included in the study was 8.4 ± 5.2 years (range: 0.616.8), their mean height standard deviation score (SDS) was 0.9 ± 1.6, mean body mass index (BMI) was 31.3 ± 8.1 kg/m2, and their mean BMI SDS was 3.5 ± 0.6. A total of four different variants (c.380C>T and c.870delG variants in MC4R gene; c.2992A>C and c.448delA variants in LEPR gene) were detected in four patients. The determination of a molecular etiology in patients with monogenic obesity is important in view of the treatment options to be introduced in the near future (MC4R agonist) and for the family to receive appropriate genetic counseling. In this study, we evaluated the clinical and genetic findings of the patients with monogenic obesity in detail, and contributed the findings of the novel variants to the literature. [Med-Science 2021; 10(2.000): 328-33

Role of Quercetin in Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress, Testicular Damage, and Apoptosis in Rats

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of quercetin on cadmium-induced oxidative stress, testicular damage, and apoptosis in rat testes. STUDY DESIGN: The rats were randomly allotted into 1 of 3 experimental groups: control, cadmium-treated, and cadmium-treated with quercetin; each group con- tained 10 animals. Control animals received daily injec- tions of the saline vehicle alone. The cadmium-treated group was injected subcutaneously with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) dissolved in saline at a dose of 2 mL/kg/ day for 30 days, resulting in a dosage of 1 mg/kg cadmium. The rats in quercetin-treated groups were given quercetin (15 mg/kg body weight) once a day i.p., starting 2 days prior to the cadmium injection during the study period. All animals were sacrificed and testes tissues were removed for histopathological and biochemical (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], and serum testosterone levels) investigation. RESULTS: The mean seminiferous tubule diameter, Johnsen's mean testicular biopsy score values, biochemical parameters (MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, and serum testosterone levels), and amount of germ cell apoptosis were significantly decreased in the cadmium-treated groups as compared to the control group. Furthermore, the quercetin-treated animals showed improved histological and biochemical parameters in the cadmium-treated group. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that quercetin treatment protected testes against toxic effects of cadmium. We believe that further preclinical research into the utility of quercetin may indicate its usefulness as a potential treatment for spermatogenesis after testicular injury caused by cadmium-treated rats

Effect of Hippophae rhamnoides Extract on Oxidative Oropharyngeal Mucosal Damage Induced in Rats Using Methotrexate

Malkoc, Ismail/0000-0002-9221-510XWOS: 000402589900010PubMed: 27507269Objectives. the objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate the effect of Hippophae rhamnoides extract (HRE) on oropharyngeal mucositis induced in rats with methotrexate (MTX) through biochemical, gene expression, and histopathological examinations. Methods. Experimental animals were divided into a healthy group (HG), a HRE+MTX (HREM) group, HRE group (HREG), and a control group that received MTX (MTXG). the HREM and HREG groups of rats was administered 50 mg/kg HRE, while the MTXG and HG groups were given an equal volume distilled water with gavage. Then, the HREM and MTXG rat groups were given oral MTX at a dose of 5 mg/kg 1 hour after HRE and distilled water was administered. This procedure was repeated for 1 month. At the end of this period, all of the animals were sacrificed with a high dose of anesthesia. Then, the amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione (tGSH) were determined in the removed oropharyngeal tissues. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha) gene expressions were measured, and all the tissues were studied histopathologically. Results. the amount of MDA was significantly increased in the MTXG group compared to the HREM, HREG, and HG groups (P<0.001). MTX significantly decreased the amount of tGSH in the MTXG group compared to the HREM, HREG, and HG groups (P < 0.001). in this study, there were no visible ulcers in the animal group in which the levels of MDA, IL-1 eta, and TNF-alpha were high and the level of tGSH was low. However, histopathologic examination revealed mucin pools in wide areas due to ruptured oropharynx glands, and proliferated, dilated, and congested blood vessels and dilated ductal structures in some areas. Conclusion. HRE protected oropharyngeal oxidative damage induced by MTX. As an inexpensive and natural product, HRE has important advantages in the prevention of oropharyngeal damage induced by MTX

Controlled reperfusion for different durations in the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat ovary: evaluation of biochemical features, molecular gene expression, and histopathology

High numbers of proinflammatory cells (PMNLs), which are carried by the blood to ischemic tissue during reperfusion, are considered responsible for inducing the inflammatory response that occurs in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our objective was to determine the controlled reperfusion (CR) interval duration (CRID) that would minimize the injury caused by the PMNLs that infiltrate ischemic tissue. Animal groups were divided into the following groups: Sham group, ovarian I/R group (OIR), and ovarian ischemia controlled-reperfusion groups OICR-1, OICR-2, OICR-3, OICR-4, OICR-5, OICR-6, which had their ovarian artery opened and then closed for 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, or 1 s, respectively. The results show that the COX-2 activity and the gene expression decreased while the COX-1 activity and the gene expression were found to be increased in parallel to the shortening of the period in CRID. From the histopathological examinations, the findings of hemorrhage, edema, congested vascular structures, degenerated cells, and migration and adhesion of PMNLs were scaled as follows: Sham group < OICR-6 < OICR-5 < OICR-4 < OICR-3 < OICR-2 < OICR-1. The results from the histopathological assessments were consistent with the molecular and biochemical findings. In conclusion, our findings suggest that increased COX-2 activity plays a role in I/R injury of the rat ovary, and that controlled reperfusion for 3, 2, or 1 s following 2 h of ischemia may attenuate the effects of I/R injury

The effect of hippophae rhamnoides extract on oral mucositis induced in rats with methotrexate

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of HRE (Hippophae rhamnoides extract) on oral mucositis induced in rats with MTX. Material and Methods: Experimental animals were divided into groups as healthy (HG), HRE+MTX (HMTX), and control group, which received MTX (MTXC). HMTX group received 50 mg/kg HRE while MTXC and HG groups received equivolume distilled water with gavage once a day. After one hour of HRE and distilled water administration, HMTX and MTXC groups received a single dose of oral MTX 5 mg/ kg. This procedure was repeated for one month. Results: The levels of MDA, IL-1β, and TNF-α were found to be significantly higher in the cheek, lower lip, and tongue tissue of the animals receiving MTX, compared with HG and HMTX groups; however, these parameters were lower in the cheek and low lip tissue, and a milder damage ocurred in these tissues, compared with the tongue tissue in MTXC group. No histopathologic damage was observed in the cheek, lower lip, and tongue tissues of the rats treated with HRE. Conclusion: This findings indicate that HRE as a natural product is an important advantage compared with synthetic drugs for prophylaxis of oral mucositis developed due to MTX

Investigation of mucus obtained from different fish species on the acute pain induced with scalpel incision in paw of rats

Gul, Mehmet Ali/0000-0002-5849-0116; Cetin, Nihal/0000-0003-3233-8009; Gul, Mehmet Ali/0000-0002-5849-0116; KURTOGLU, ILKER ZEKI/0000-0002-4214-7997WOS: 000369679100009PubMed: 26490740No comparative study could be found for the analgesic activity of mucuses from the Oncorhynchus mykiss (OM), Salvelinus fontinalis (SF), Salmo coruhensis (SC), Acipenser gueldenstaedtii (AG), and Acipenserbaerii (AB) fish species in the literature. We aimed to investigate the effects of mucuses obtained from the abovementioned fish species on scalpel incision-induced pain in the rat paw and to examine the role of oxidant/antioxidant parameters and COX-2 gene expression in the analgesic activities. Animals were divided into groups: SIC (scalpel incision; SI), SIDS (SI+25 mg/kg diclofenac sodium), SOM (SI+25 mg/kg OM mucus), SFM (SI+25 mg/kg SF mucus), SCM (SI+25 mg/kg SC mucus), SAgM (SI+25 mg/kg AG mucus), SAbM (SI+25 mg/kg AB mucus), and HG (healthy). the paw pain thresholds were measured with a Basile algesimeter before and after diclofenac sodium (DS) or mucus administration, and then the rats were euthanized with thiopental sodium. Oxidant/antioxidant and COX-2 gene expression parameters were measured in paw tissues. OM, SC, AG, and AB fish mucuses could not decrease the SI-induced pain. However, SF fish mucus prevented this pain by 69% after the first hour and by 58.3% after the third hour. DS was shown to suppress pain more weakly than SF, preventing the pain by 62.1% and 50.0% after the first and third hours, respectively. SF mucus and DS significantly inhibited increase of COX-2 gene expression, while other fish mucuses could not. None of the fish mucuses except SF mucus in conjunction with DS could significantly inhibit the increase in oxidant parameters and decrease in antioxidants. SF fish mucus should be comparatively assessed in clinical practice for treatment of postoperative pain