Performance modelling of a multiple threshold RED mechanism for bursty and correlated Internet traffic with MMPP arrival process

Access to the large web content hosted all over the world by users of the Internet engage many hosts, routers/switches and faster links. They challenge the internet backbone to operate at its capacity to assure e±cient content access. This may result in congestion and raises concerns over various Quality of Service (QoS) issues like high delays, high packet loss and low throughput of the system for various Internet applications. Thus, there is a need to develop effective congestion control mechanisms in order to meet various Quality of Service (QoS) related performance parameters. In this paper, our emphasis is on the Active Queue Management (AQM) mechanisms, particularly Random Early Detection (RED). We propose a threshold based novel analytical model based on standard RED mechanism. Various numerical examples are presented for Internet traffic scenarios containing both the burstiness and correlation properties of the network traffic

AIR QUALITY TRENDS AND POLLUTION ROSES IN SELECTED CITIES OF CANADA

Long term trend and pollution roses for selected pollutant were examined across major cities of Canada, include carbon monoxide(CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen oxide (NO), ozone (O3), and particulate matter (PM). Linear regression was used to obtain the annual mean trend from 1998-2007. There was a statistically significant downward trend for all pollutants studiedexcept O3 in most cities indicating effective regulatory provision and reduced emissions during the past decade. O3 showed an upward trend and large year-to-year variation indicating strong influence of meteorological conditions and photochemical reactions. Wind rose and percentile pollution rose plots suggest that the higher concentration of SO2 was associated with specific sources, while CO, PM, NOx were associated with local production. O3 was found to be regional with high concentrations mostly occurring in the direction of industrial cities of United States. Overall, the finding of the study indicates CO, SO2, NOX and PM as improved local pollutants. Future studies should take into consideration the effect of volatile organic compound levels on the long term trend of O3

Comparison of outcome of Modified Millard’s Incision and Delaire’s Functional Method in Primary Repair of Unilateral Cleft Lip.

Objective: To contrast results of two surgical methods for correction of Unilateral Cleft lip. Methodology: Prospective study was conducted from October 2018 to October 2019 after ethical approval from institute ethical board. Data was collected than arranged over Microsoft Excel 2007.Variables then formed or for further statistical results data was entered in SPSS version 15.0. Variables were assessed by using. . Standard Deviation and Mean was calculated and presented for quantitative data like age and weight. Frequency (percentages) were calculated and presented for qualitative data such as gender and outome variables. Post stratification statistical chi square test was used to see effect modification. P value ≤ 0.05 was considerable. Results: Out of 100% (n=66) unilateral cleft lip patients, 50% (n=33) patients each were operated with Modified Millard’s incision and Delaire’s functional method respectively. Various parameters were analyzed—white roll match, cupid bow, lip length and alar dome demonstrated favorable measurements in Millard’s group and the vermilion match, scar appearance, nostril symmetry and alar base was better in Delaire’s methods. All the differences in these parameters were not statistically significant, except lip length (p=0.023). Conclusion: Overall clinical outcomes like vermilion match, white roll, and cupid bow appearance was similarly effective in both techniques. Outcome related to lip length was considerable in incision by Millard’s technique. Similarly nasal symmetry was better in Delaire’s functional method. This leads to significance of one method over other. Keywords: Primary Repair, Modified Millard’s, Delaire’s Functional Method Unilateral Cleft Lip. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/54-04 Publication date: April 30th 201

Internet of Things: Architectural Components, Protocols and Its Implementation for Ubiquitous Environment

Ubiquitous data processing of the sensing nodes has revolutionized the development of electronic industries manufacturing. The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) is the connectivity of distributed sensing and processing nodes from anywhere rather than fixed computing. For the Implementation of Ubiquitous smart environment, anything and everything can be converted to smart IO Things, and where things have sensing and processing abilities for automation and analysis of environmental processes. Sensors, actuators, embedded processing systems, networking gateways, and IoT Cloud Services are the building blocks of IoT implementation. This paper presents a brief discussion on the connectivity of building blocks with various enabling technologies for the implementation of the Internet of Things. Moreover, many of data link standards and the internet of things data communication protocols will be in the discussion

Privatization and Fiscal Deficit: a Case Study of Pakistan

Privatization was started in many countries (Developed and developing) with a view that SOEs were not working efficiently and putting extra burden on government shoulders covering losses of state owned enterprises. Privatization in Pakistan was started with some specific objectives including reduction in government subsidies to public enterprises and increasing tax revenue from private enterprises. This study investigates the fiscal impact of privatization in Pakistan by comparing pre and post privatization subsidies as expenditure and taxes and sales proceeds as revenue. The findings reveal that privatization failed to meet the expectation having positive impact on fiscal deficit of Pakistan. Keywords: SOEs (State owned Enterprises),NTN: (National Tax Number),NADRA:( (National Database and Registration Authority),PPL:Pakistan Petroleum Limited,PARCO: Pakistan Arab Refinery Limited,KAPCO: Kot Addu Power Company limited,SLIC: State Life Insurance Corporatio

Comparison between conventional and harmonic techniques in bleeding control during Thyroidectomy

Objective: The basic aim of this study is to find out comparison between conventional and harmonic techniques in bleeding control during Thyroidectomy. Methodology: This randomized control trial was conducted in Surgery Department, Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. This study was completed in 5 months (August 2018 to January 2019) and all the patients under trial were asked for informed consent. A total number of 100% (n=62) were taken in this trial and online source Openepi.com was used for calculating sample size. Patients were selected by lottery method. Computer software SPSS version 23.2 was used for complete data entry and analysis. All the descriptive variables like onset of action and age were presented as SD and mean. Statistical test ANOVA was applied to find the significance among all groups. Chi square test was applied for analysis of continuous stats among groups. P value 0.05 was to be considered as significant. Result: A total number of 100% (n=62) patients were included, divided into two equal groups, 31 in each i.e. harmonic scalpel and conventional knot groups. The mean age of the patients, in harmonic scalpel group, was 45.29±4.56 years. There were 64.5% (n=20) males and 35.5% (n=11) females. The mean age of the patients, in conventional knot, was 44.96±2.97 years. There were 74.2% (n=23) males and 25.8% (n=8) females. No significant difference was found for age (t=0.329, p=0.743) and gender (χ2=0.683, p=0.409) in groups. The main outcome variables of this study were the time of procedure (minutes) and blood loss volume (ml). The mean time of procedure was 98.80±16.52minutes and 119.81±9.95 minutes for the harmonic scalpel and conventional knot groups respectively. Significant difference was found for the time of procedure in groups (t=-6.060, p-value = 0.000). Conclusion: The whole study can be ended with this conclusion that the harmonic scalpel is more effective than the conventional method of ligation or knotting in thyroidectomy. Its use offer many clinical benefits including reduction in time of surgery and blood volume as well. Keywords: Thyroidectomy, Harmonic, Conventional and Bleeding control. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/54-09 Publication date: April 30th 201

An Analysis of the Relationships among Exports, Imports, Physical Capital and Economic Growth in Pakistan

This review emphasized the relationship among capital formation, economic growth, exports and imports in case of Pakistan scenario using time series data from 1976 to 2015. Augmented Dickey Fuller Test, Johansen Co-integration, Vector error correction model and Granger Causality techniques have been used to check the relationships among exports, imports and economic growth. The results from this study show that the exports, imports, real GDP and gross fixed capital formation have a long run relationship and are co-integrated. This study uses the data of Pakistan and concludes that GDP doesn’t granger cause with the export and import while export and imports do granger cause with the GDP in the long run. Finding of the study also displays that physical capital formation has no impression over GDP. Previous study shows the positive relation among exports, imports, capital formation and economic growth while this study shows that in the long run capital formation and economic growth has no effect. Government subsidizes the exports and also increases the duty bills on imports that help boost the domestic industries manufacture the goods and motivate to produce the best quality of goods. JEL codes: F2, O4

Financial Risk and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Pakistan Economy

The purpose of this paper is to inspect whether Financial risk influence FDI in Pakistan economy. In order to achieve the study objective and to answer the question, the Unit root test, Co integration test, OLS methodology and Granger causality test has been used. Time series data for the year 1982 to 2011 is used and this study measures the financial risk by considering foreign debt services, exchange rate, foreign debt and current account. The study results signify that efficient use of foreign debt can attract more foreign direct investment in the country. The paper shows that financial risk has significant impact on foreign direct investment

Financial Risk and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Pakistan Economy

The purpose of this paper is to inspect whether Financial risk influence FDI in Pakistan economy. In order to achieve the study objective and to answer the question, the Unit root test, Co integration test, OLS methodology and Granger causality test has been used. Time series data for the year 1982 to 2011 is used and this study measures the financial risk by considering foreign debt services, exchange rate, foreign debt and current account. The study results signify that efficient use of foreign debt can attract more foreign direct investment in the country. The paper shows that financial risk has significant impact on foreign direct investment

The descriptive study of anxiety levels among diabetics: insulin users versus non-insulin users

Background: Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of turmoil often accompanied by nervous behaviours such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints and rumination. Diabetes is the most metabolically active disease which can influence the psychological state. This study evaluates the anxiety levels among diabetics (Insulin users versus non-insulin users) along with its relation to certain demographic factors like age, sex, education, type of medication and medication compliance.Methods: Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) was used to test the anxiety levels in 187 diabetic patients visiting the diabetic clinic and research centre, Nishtar Hospital, Multan and other diabetic clinics in the area. 97 (51.87%) patients of the total sample are males and 90 (48.12%) patients are females.Results: In this study, 170 (91%) had type 2 diabetes while 17 (9%) suffered from Type 1 Diabetes. 66.66% of the patients in the sample were insulin users while 34.34% were non-insulin users. The overall mean anxiety level in insulin users is 24.55 and in non-insulin users is 23.92.Conclusions: Our study showed a high prevalence of anxiety levels in insulin users as compared to non-insulin users. Certain symptoms like anxious mood, tension, fears, depressed mood, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms appeared with mild anxiety levels while other symptoms like insomnia, somatic symptoms, autonomic symptoms, respiratory and genitourinary symptoms appeared with high severity levels. The presence of risk factors for anxiety among patients of diabetes predicts a causal relationship and deserves attention from clinicians