Prognostic indicators and outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients with neurological disease: An individual patient data meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Neurological COVID-19 disease has been reported widely, but published studies often lack information on neurological outcomes and prognostic risk factors. We aimed to describe the spectrum of neurological disease in hospitalised COVID-19 patients; characterise clinical outcomes; and investigate factors associated with a poor outcome. METHODS: We conducted an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of hospitalised patients with neurological COVID-19 disease, using standard case definitions. We invited authors of studies from the first pandemic wave, plus clinicians in the Global COVID-Neuro Network with unpublished data, to contribute. We analysed features associated with poor outcome (moderate to severe disability or death, 3 to 6 on the modified Rankin Scale) using multivariable models. RESULTS: We included 83 studies (31 unpublished) providing IPD for 1979 patients with COVID-19 and acute new-onset neurological disease. Encephalopathy (978 [49%] patients) and cerebrovascular events (506 [26%]) were the most common diagnoses. Respiratory and systemic symptoms preceded neurological features in 93% of patients; one third developed neurological disease after hospital admission. A poor outcome was more common in patients with cerebrovascular events (76% [95% CI 67-82]), than encephalopathy (54% [42-65]). Intensive care use was high (38% [35-41]) overall, and also greater in the cerebrovascular patients. In the cerebrovascular, but not encephalopathic patients, risk factors for poor outcome included breathlessness on admission and elevated D-dimer. Overall, 30-day mortality was 30% [27-32]. The hazard of death was comparatively lower for patients in the WHO European region. INTERPRETATION: Neurological COVID-19 disease poses a considerable burden in terms of disease outcomes and use of hospital resources from prolonged intensive care and inpatient admission; preliminary data suggest these may differ according to WHO regions and country income levels. The different risk factors for encephalopathy and stroke suggest different disease mechanisms which may be amenable to intervention, especially in those who develop neurological symptoms after hospital admission

Prognostic indicators and outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients with neurological disease: An individual patient data meta-analysis.

BackgroundNeurological COVID-19 disease has been reported widely, but published studies often lack information on neurological outcomes and prognostic risk factors. We aimed to describe the spectrum of neurological disease in hospitalised COVID-19 patients; characterise clinical outcomes; and investigate factors associated with a poor outcome.MethodsWe conducted an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of hospitalised patients with neurological COVID-19 disease, using standard case definitions. We invited authors of studies from the first pandemic wave, plus clinicians in the Global COVID-Neuro Network with unpublished data, to contribute. We analysed features associated with poor outcome (moderate to severe disability or death, 3 to 6 on the modified Rankin Scale) using multivariable models.ResultsWe included 83 studies (31 unpublished) providing IPD for 1979 patients with COVID-19 and acute new-onset neurological disease. Encephalopathy (978 [49%] patients) and cerebrovascular events (506 [26%]) were the most common diagnoses. Respiratory and systemic symptoms preceded neurological features in 93% of patients; one third developed neurological disease after hospital admission. A poor outcome was more common in patients with cerebrovascular events (76% [95% CI 67-82]), than encephalopathy (54% [42-65]). Intensive care use was high (38% [35-41]) overall, and also greater in the cerebrovascular patients. In the cerebrovascular, but not encephalopathic patients, risk factors for poor outcome included breathlessness on admission and elevated D-dimer. Overall, 30-day mortality was 30% [27-32]. The hazard of death was comparatively lower for patients in the WHO European region.InterpretationNeurological COVID-19 disease poses a considerable burden in terms of disease outcomes and use of hospital resources from prolonged intensive care and inpatient admission; preliminary data suggest these may differ according to WHO regions and country income levels. The different risk factors for encephalopathy and stroke suggest different disease mechanisms which may be amenable to intervention, especially in those who develop neurological symptoms after hospital admission

Potable Water Treatment in a Batch Reactor Benefited by Combined Filtration and Catalytic Ozonation

Due to continuous contamination of groundwater by anthropogenic activities, potable water fetches numerous pollutants such as pathogens, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals, with these being severe health hazards. The main aim of the current study was to develop a hybrid unit based on catalytic ozonation and the filtration process to effectively remove the contaminants in drinking water. To the best of our knowledge, in the current study, the Fe-Zeolite 4A (Fe-Z4A)/O3 process followed by filtration involving rice husk and activated carbons were studied for the first time in order to treat drinking water. In the current investigation, fecal coliforms, arsenic, pharmaceuticals, turbidity, and TDS removal were investigated in a novel hybrid reactor. The results showed 100%, 45%, 40%, 70%, and 95% fecal coliform, arsenic, TDS, paracetamol, and turbidity removal efficiency, respectively. The results further indicated that all the studied drinking water samples followed WHO guidelines and NEQS for drinking water quality after the proposed treatment. Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed hybrid process implies a single unit is highly efficient for drinking water treatment. The designed novel hybrid reactor treatment can be scaled up in the future for household or commercial use

Synergistically Improved Catalytic Ozonation Process Using Iron-Loaded Activated Carbons for the Removal of Arsenic in Drinking Water

This research attempts to find a new approach for the removal of arsenic (As) from drinking water by developing a novel solution. To the author’s knowledge, iron-loaded activated carbons (Fe-AC) have not been previously applied for the removal of As in a synergistic process using ozonation and catalytic ozonation processes. The As was investigated using drinking water samples in different areas of Lahore, Pakistan, and the As removal was compared with and without using catalysts. The results also suggested that the catalytic ozonation process significantly removes As as compared with single ozonation and adsorption processes. Moreover, a feed ozone of 1.0 mg/min and catalyst dose of 10 g was found to maintain a maximum removal efficiency of 98.6% within 30 min. The results of the catalyst dose–effect suggested that the removal of As tends to increase with the increase in catalysts amount. Hence, it is concluded that the Fe-AC/O3 process efficiently removes As in water. Moreover, it was established that the Fe-AC/O3 process might be regarded as an effective method for removing As from drinking water compared to the single ozonation and adsorption processes

Synergistically Improved Catalytic Ozonation Process Using Iron-Loaded Activated Carbons for the Removal of Arsenic in Drinking Water

This research attempts to find a new approach for the removal of arsenic (As) from drinking water by developing a novel solution. To the author’s knowledge, iron-loaded activated carbons (Fe-AC) have not been previously applied for the removal of As in a synergistic process using ozonation and catalytic ozonation processes. The As was investigated using drinking water samples in different areas of Lahore, Pakistan, and the As removal was compared with and without using catalysts. The results also suggested that the catalytic ozonation process significantly removes As as compared with single ozonation and adsorption processes. Moreover, a feed ozone of 1.0 mg/min and catalyst dose of 10 g was found to maintain a maximum removal efficiency of 98.6% within 30 min. The results of the catalyst dose–effect suggested that the removal of As tends to increase with the increase in catalysts amount. Hence, it is concluded that the Fe-AC/O3 process efficiently removes As in water. Moreover, it was established that the Fe-AC/O3 process might be regarded as an effective method for removing As from drinking water compared to the single ozonation and adsorption processes

Microstructural Characteristics, Modeling of Mechanical Strength and Thermal Performance of Industrial Waste Glass Blended Concrete

The need to get rid of solid waste in the environment necessitates the incorporation of waste glass powder (WGP) in mortar and concrete. The blending of WGP (G) with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is a valorization technique that is not only cost efficient but also environmentally friendly. The replacement level is denoted as CxG10−x, where x is 0–20 wt.% at an interval of 5 wt.% in mortar (w/b = 0.4) and 0, 10, 20 and 30 in concrete (w/b = 0.42). The study investigates the effects of glass on the setting, workability, thermal resistance, microstructure, mineral phases and bond characteristics of silicon and hydroxyl-based compounds and C-O vibrations. It also provides the model equations for strength characteristics in terms of OPC, G and ages in mortar and concrete on one hand and investigates the residual strength and density of glass blended concrete at elevated temperature (550 °C) on the other. It is found that glass enhances the workability, reduces the setting time and density and enhances the residual strength and density of concrete. The presence of glass leads to the formation of coesite and microstructural distortion and decreases the Ca/Si ratio. Besides, the bond characteristics of the binder are significantly affected, while the thermal residual strength capacity in glass blended concrete (C80G20) is 40.4% and 75.14% lower than that in OPC concrete (C100G0) because of the low thermal conduction of glass particles. The optimum glass content in mortar and concrete to produce 33 MPa (28 days) and 47 MPa (90 days) is found to be 10 wt.% and 20 wt.%, respectively

Catalytic Ozonation Combined with Conventional Treatment Technologies for the Recycling of Automobile Service Station Wastewater

The ample increase in water scarcity and depletion of natural resources due to their overconsumption and the contamination of water sources becomes more challenging day by day. This challenging situation has pushed the scientific community to cope with it by providing alternative solutions. Therefore, it is indeed important to conduct a sustainable study on recycling wastewater for a particular purpose. Taking this into account, an effort was made to develop a novel hybrid treatment system that applied both conventional and advanced oxidation treatment processes. In this sustainable study, an integrated system was designed for the effective treatment followed by the recycling of automobile service station wastewater (ASSWW) which comprised sedimentation (sed), catalytic ozonation, adsorption, and filtration. In the current investigation, two catalysts/adsorbents, the granular activated carbon (GAC) and rice husk (RH) were employed individually and in combination for the first time in the studied hybrid process and their performance was compared and evaluated. The obtained results revealed that the hybrid system combination-I (Sed–O3/GAC) was more efficient than combination-II (Sed–O3/RH); the maximum removal efficiency of COD was 100% and 80%, respectively. In addition, the hybrid system combination-III (Sed–O3/RH + GAC) was more economical and efficient than others by employing 35% of each absorbent in the adsorption column. Moreover, this efficient Sed–O3/RH + GAC system has a maximum removal efficiency 99%, 100%, 99%, 100%, (89%, 99%, 100%) and 100% for turbidity, COD, BOD5, fecal coliform, potentially toxic metals (Cd, Pb, As), oil and grease, respectively, at optimized conditions (O3 = 82.5 mg/L; contact time = 18 min and catalyst dose of GAC and RH = 200 g each). Furthermore, the treated water sample complied with the WWF-recommended Irrigation Water Quality Guidelines (IWQGs) for class D. The increase in biodegradability (BOD5/COD ratio) was observed from 0.41 to 0.83. Therefore, the proposed efficacious hybrid system may be employed for the recycling of ASSWW for irrigation purposes

Ensiklopedia mukjizat al-qur'an dan hadis : kemukjizatan alam semesta volume 9

Tata surya berisi beberapa planet, yang salah satunya adalah bumi yang menjadi tempat tinggal kita. Sekumpulan planet yang disebut tata surya inilah yang mengitari matahari. Jarak planet yang menjadi tempat tinggal kita dengan matahari sekitar 93 juta mil. semua planet yang ada merupakan bagian kecil dari keseluruhan sistem galaksi yang memuat 200 miliar bintang. matahari sendiri merupakan salah satu bagian dari galaksi sebanyak itu. galaksi ini merupakan salah satu dari seratus ribu galaksi yang berhasil ditemukan oleh para ilmuwan hingga sekarang ini.v, 211 hlm, 29,1 x 21,4 c

Ensiklopedia mukjizat al-qur'an dan hadis : kemukjizatan fakta sejarah volume 1

Alquran mengisahkan banyak kejadian masa lalu, seperti kisah adam, kaum nuh, kaum luth, kaum ibrahim, kaum ad, kaum tsamud, kaum saba, bani israil, firaun, haman, dan dzulqarnain. sebagai muslim, kita mempercayai kisah - kisah itu karena merupakan bagian dari keimanan kepada alquran, yang kita yakini berisi informasi benar dari Allah, meskipun kita tidak mengetahui secara pasti kejadian tersebut. Namun, berdasarkan penggalian kepurbakalaan dari para ahli, yang bahkan sebagian besarnya orang barat non muslim, semua informasi yang termaktub dalam alquran itu dipastikan sangat akurat, termasuk untuk hal-hal yang amat sangat detail. Buku ini membuktikan kebenaran semua informasi berkait fakta sejarah yang diungkap alquranxv, 275 hlm, 29,1 x 21,5 c

Ensiklopedia mukjizat al-qur'an dan hadis : kemukjizatan penciptaan bumi volume 8

Ketika dikuak faktanya oleh para ahli, tidak ada yang mengira bahwa ilmu bumi itu sudah disinggung alquran hampir 15 abad yang lalu. bahkan alquran sudah jauh lebih dulu mengungkap ilmu bumi secara terinci, sebelum para ahli ilmu bumi mengungkapnya.vi, 278 hlm, 29,1 x 21,3 c