Beyond Triplet: Leveraging the Most Data for Multimodal Machine Translation

Multimodal machine translation (MMT) aims to improve translation quality by incorporating information from other modalities, such as vision. Previous MMT systems mainly focus on better access and use of visual information and tend to validate their methods on image-related datasets. These studies face two challenges. First, they can only utilize triple data (bilingual texts with images), which is scarce; second, current benchmarks are relatively restricted and do not correspond to realistic scenarios. Therefore, this paper correspondingly establishes new methods and new datasets for MMT. First, we propose a framework 2/3-Triplet with two new approaches to enhance MMT by utilizing large-scale non-triple data: monolingual image-text data and parallel text-only data. Second, we construct an English-Chinese {e}-commercial {m}ulti{m}odal {t}ranslation dataset (including training and testing), named EMMT, where its test set is carefully selected as some words are ambiguous and shall be translated mistakenly without the help of images. Experiments show that our method is more suitable for real-world scenarios and can significantly improve translation performance by using more non-triple data. In addition, our model also rivals various SOTA models in conventional multimodal translation benchmarks.Comment: 8 pages, ACL 2023 Findin

Development of Channeled Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Oriented Tissue Engineering

A tissue‐engineering scaffold resembling the structure of the natural extracellular matrix can often facilitate tissue regeneration. Nerve and tendon are oriented micro‐scale tissue bundles. In this study, a method combining injection molding and thermally induced phase separation techniques is developed to create single‐ and multiple‐channeled nanofibrous poly( L ‐lactic acid) scaffolds. The overall shape, the number and spatial arrangement of channels, the channel wall matrix architecture, the porosity and mechanical properties of the scaffolds are all tunable. The porous NF channel wall matrix provides an excellent microenvironment for protein adsorption and the attachment of PC12 neuronal cells and tendon fibroblast cells, showing potential for neural and tendon tissue regeneration. A method combining injection molding and thermally induced phase separation is developed to create single‐ and multiple‐channeled nanofibrous polymer scaffolds. The porous nanofibrous channel wall provides an excellent microenvironment for protein adsorption and cell attachment, showing potential for nerve and tendon regeneration.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92054/1/761_ftp.pd

Anti-HIV-1 Activity of a New Scorpion Venom Peptide Derivative Kn2-7

For over 30 years, HIV/AIDS has wreaked havoc in the world. In the absence of an effective vaccine for HIV, development of new anti-HIV agents is urgently needed. We previously identified the antiviral activities of the scorpion-venom-peptide-derived mucroporin-M1 for three RNA viruses (measles viruses, SARS-CoV, and H5N1). In this investigation, a panel of scorpion venom peptides and their derivatives were designed and chosen for assessment of their anti-HIV activities. A new scorpion venom peptide derivative Kn2-7 was identified as the most potent anti-HIV-1 peptide by screening assays with an EC50 value of 2.76 µg/ml (1.65 µM) and showed low cytotoxicity to host cells with a selective index (SI) of 13.93. Kn2-7 could inhibit all members of a standard reference panel of HIV-1 subtype B pseudotyped virus (PV) with CCR5-tropic and CXCR4-tropic NL4-3 PV strain. Furthermore, it also inhibited a CXCR4-tropic replication-competent strain of HIV-1 subtype B virus. Binding assay of Kn2-7 to HIV-1 PV by Octet Red system suggested the anti-HIV-1 activity was correlated with a direct interaction between Kn2-7 and HIV-1 envelope. These results demonstrated that peptide Kn2-7 could inhibit HIV-1 by direct interaction with viral particle and may become a promising candidate compound for further development of microbicide against HIV-1

Design eines integrierten 60 GHz Tansceiver Frontends in SiGe:C BiCMOS Technologie

This thesis describes the complete design of a low cost 60 GHz front end in SiGe BiCMOS technology. It covers the topics of a system plan, designs of building blocks, designs of application boards and real environment tests. Different LNA and mixer topologies have been investigated and fabricated. Good agreements between measurements and simulations have been achieved by using the self-developed component models. A transceiver front end system is built based on these blocks. A heterodyne architecture with a 5 GHz IF is adopted because it is compatible with the standard IEEE 802.11a, which allows the reuse of some existing building blocks of the 5 GHz transceiver. The transceiver chips are assembled onto application boards and connected by bond-wires. Bond-wire inductances have been minimized by using a cavity and compensated by an on board structure. The front end has been tested by both QPSK and OFDM signals in an indoor environment. Clear constellations have been measured. This was the first silicon based 60 GHz demonstrator in Europe and the second in the world.Diese Arbeit beschreibt das komplette Design eines Low-Cost 60-GHz Frontends in SiGe-BiCMOS-Technologie. Sie beinhaltet die Themen Systemplanung, Design der Baugruppen, Design der Anwendungsplatinen und Tests in einer realen Umgebung. Verschiedene LNA- und Mischer-Topologien wurden untersucht und hergestellt. Gute Übereinstimmung zwischen den Messungen und Simulationen wurde durch die Verwendung selbst entwickelter Modelle für passive Komponenten erreicht. Basierend auf diesen Blöcken wurde ein Transceiver Frontend System gebaut. Eine heterodyne Architektur mit einer Zwischenfrequenz von 5 GHz wurde benutzt, weil sie kompatibel ist mit dem Standard IEEE 802.11a, was die Wiederverwendung einiger existierender Bausteine eines 5-GHz-Transceivers ermöglicht. Die Transceiver-Chips wurden auf Anwenderplatinen montiert und durch Bonddrähte verbunden. Die Bonddraht-Induktivitäten wurden durch die Verwendung eines Hohlraums auf des Platine minimiert und durch ein Anpassungsnetzwerk kompensiert. Das Frontend wurde sowohl mit QPSK- als auch OFDM-Signalen in einer In-Haus-Umgebung getestet. Eine fehlerfreie Datenübertragung konnte demonstriert werden. Dies war der erste Silizium-basierte 60-GHz-Demonstrator in Europa und der zweite in der Welt

Gutachter: Gutachter:

This thesis describes the complete design of a low-cost 60 GHz front-end in SiGe BiCMOS technology. It covers the topics of a system plan, designs of building blocks, designs of application-boards and real environment tests. Different LNA and mixer topologies have been investigated and fabricated. Good agreements between measurements and simulations have been achieved due to the used component models. A transceiver front-end system is built based on these blocks. A heterodyne architecture with a 5 GHz IF is adopted because it is compatible with IEEE 802.11a, which allows the reuse of some building blocks to realize a 5 GHz transceiver. The transceiver chips are assembled onto application boards and connected by bondwires. Bond-wire inductances have been minimized by using a cavity and an on-board compensation structure. The front-end has been tested by both QPSK and OFDM signals in an indoor-environment. Clear constellations have been measured. This is the first silicon-based 60 GHz demonstrator in Europe and the second in the world. i iiTable of Contents Chapter I Introduction..................................................................................................

Structural and parameter design of transverse multi-cylinders device on rice agronomic characteristics

<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Rice panicles which have reached a mature state must be harvested, requiring differently specialized threshing devices and operating parameters to achieve favorable threshing and separating results. The primary objective of this study is to design a transverse multi-cylinders device that operates under the most effective possible variables to harvest rice in different states of maturity. The attachment forces between the grain and pedicel on the panicle were measured at different moisture contents. Based on rice agronomic characteristics, a transverse multi-cylinders device test bench was developed to conduct threshing and separating experiments. The threshing and separating capability of each transverse cylinder was tested, and the operating parameters of each threshing cylinder were investigated. Results showed that detachment force decreased from the bottom to the top of the rice panicle. Optimal harvesting time was identified at moisture content of 29.69%, and the best operating parameters combination was cylinder speed of 600, 650 and 700 rpm, and concave clearances of 40, 35 and 40 mm. Combine harvester of transverse multi-cylinder device test results showed an un-threshed grain ratio of 0.64%, un-separated grain ratio of 0.35%, and broken grain ratio of 0.22%, at a feeding rate of 6 kg/s. This research can be used in the future to successfully design transverse multi-cylinders device for small and medium-sized rice combine harvesters.</span></p

Analysis of Ice Phenology of Middle and Large Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau

Considered as a sensitive indicator of climate change, lake ice phenology can have significant influences on regional climate by affecting lake-atmosphere energy and water exchange. However, in situ measurements of ice phenology events are quite limited over high-elevation lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, where satellite monitoring can make up such deficiency. In this study, by a combination of AMSR-E (2002–2011) and AMSR-2 (2012–2021) passive microwave data, MODIS optimal products and in situ measurements of temperature profiles in four lakes, the ice phenology events of 40 high-elevation large lakes were derived and their inter-annual trends and influencing factors were analyzed. The freeze-up start date (FUS) mainly occurs in November-December with an average date of 9 December and the break-up end date (BUE) is concentrated in April-May with a multi-year average of 5 May. Under climate warming, 24 of the 34 (70.6%) lakes show delayed FUS at an average trend of 0.35 days/year, and 7 (20.6%) lakes show advanced BUE (rate of change CR = −0.17 days/year). The average ice coverage duration (ID) was 147 days, and 13 (38.2%) lakes shortened ID at an average rate of −0.33 days/year. By synthesizing other ice phenology products, we obtained the assembled products of lake ice phenology, and found that air temperature dominates during the freeze-thaw process, with a higher dependence of BUE than that of FUS on air temperature