In vitro-bioassembled human extracellular matrix and its application in human embryonic stem cell cultivation

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Multi-Target Tracking Based on Multi-Bernoulli Filter with Amplitude for Unknown Clutter Rate

Knowledge of the clutter rate is of critical importance in multi-target Bayesian tracking. However, estimating the clutter rate is a difficult problem in practice. In this paper, an improved multi-Bernoulli filter based on random finite sets for multi-target Bayesian tracking accommodating non-linear dynamic and measurement models, as well as unknown clutter rate, is proposed for radar sensors. The proposed filter incorporates the amplitude information into the state and measurement spaces to improve discrimination between actual targets and clutters, while adaptively generating the new-born object random finite sets using the measurements to eliminate reliance on prior random finite sets. A sequential Monte-Carlo implementation of the proposed filter is presented, and simulations are used to demonstrate the proposed filter’s improvements in estimation accuracy of the target number and corresponding multi-target states, as well as the clutter rate

Fracture Resistance Biomechanisms of Walnut Shell with High‐Strength and Toughening

Abstract Walnut shell is lightweight material with high‐strength and toughening characteristics, but it is different from other nut shells’ microstructure with two or three short sclerotic cell layers and long bundle fibers. It is essential to explore the fracture resistance biomechanism of lightweight walnut shell and how to prevent damage of bionic structure. In this study, it is found that the asymmetric mass center and geometric center dissipated impact energy to the whole shell without loading concentration in the loading area. Diaphragma juglandis is a special structure improved walnut shell's toughening. The S‐shape gradient porosity/elastic modulus distribution combined with pits on single auxetic sclerotic cells requires higher energy to crack expansion, then decreases its fracture behavior. These fantastic findings inspire to design fracture resistance devices including helmets, armor, automobile anti‐collision beams, and re‐entry capsule in spacecraft

<i>Bcl</i>-<i>xL</i> Promotes the Survival of Motor Neurons Derived from Neural Stem Cells

Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation creates new hope for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders by direct differentiation into neurons. However, this technique is limited by poor survival and functional neuron deficiency. In this research study, we generated pro-survival murine NSCs (mNSCs) via the ectopic expression of Bcl-xL. A doxycycline (Dox)-inducible Ngn2-Isl1-Lhx3 system was also integrated into the mNSC genome. The four gene-modified mNSCs can rapidly and effectively differentiate into motor neurons after Dox treatments. Ectopic Bcl-xL could resist replating-induced stress, glutamate toxicity, neuronal apoptosis and remarkably promote the survival of motor neurons. Taken together, we established genetically modified mNSCs with improved survival, which may be useful for motor neuron degenerative diseases

Collagen matrix deposition is dramatically enhanced in vitro when crowded with charged macromolecules: The biological relevance of the excluded volume effect

10.1016/j.febslet.2007.05.020FEBS Letters581142709-2714FEBL