Comparison and Regulation of Neuronal Synchronization for Various STDP Rules

We discuss effects of various experimentally supported STDP learning rules on frequency synchronization of two unidirectional coupled neurons systematically. First, we show that synchronization windows for all STDP rules cannot be enhanced compared to constant connection under the same model. Then, we explore the influence of learning parameters on synchronization window and find optimal parameters that lead to the widest window. Our findings indicate that synchronization strongly depends on the specific shape and the parameters of the STDP update rules. Thus, we give some explanations by analyzing the synchronization mechanisms for various STDP rules finally

Variation of Oriental Oak (Quercus variabilis) Leaf δ13C across Temperate and Subtropical China: Spatial Patterns and Sensitivity to Precipitation

The concentration of the carbon-13 isotope (leaf δ13C) in leaves is negatively correlated with the mean annual precipitation (MAP) atlarge geographical scales. In this paper, we explain the spatial pattern of leaf δ13C variation for deciduous oriental oak (Quercus variabilis Bl.) across temperate and subtropical biomes and its sensitivity to climate factors such as MAP. There was a 6‰ variation in the leaf δ13C values of oak with a significant positive correlation with latitude and negative correlations with the mean annual temperature (MAT) and MAP. There was no correlation between leaf δ13C and altitude or longitude. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that leaf δ13C decreased 0.3‰ per 100 mm increase in MAP. MAP alone could account for 68% of the observed variation in leaf δ13C. These results can be used to improve predictions for plant responses to climate change and particularly lower rainfall

Low Complexity Radar Gesture Recognition Using Synthetic Training Data

Developments in radio detection and ranging (radar) technology have made hand gesture recognition feasible. In heat map-based gesture recognition, feature images have a large size and require complex neural networks to extract information. Machine learning methods typically require large amounts of data and collecting hand gestures with radar is time- and energy-consuming. Therefore, a low computational complexity algorithm for hand gesture recognition based on a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar and a synthetic hand gesture feature generator are proposed. In the low computational complexity algorithm, two-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform is implemented on the radar raw data to generate a range-Doppler matrix. After that, background modelling is applied to separate the dynamic object and the static background. Then a bin with the highest magnitude in the range-Doppler matrix is selected to locate the target and obtain its range and velocity. The bins at this location along the dimension of the antenna can be utilised to calculate the angle of the target using Fourier beam steering. In the synthetic generator, the Blender software is used to generate different hand gestures and trajectories and then the range, velocity and angle of targets are extracted directly from the trajectory. The experimental results demonstrate that the average recognition accuracy of the model on the test set can reach 89.13% when the synthetic data are used as the training set and the real data are used as the test set. This indicates that the generation of synthetic data can make a meaningful contribution in the pre-training phase

Localization of the murine reduced folate carrier as assessed by immunohistochemical analysis

AbstractThe reduced folate carrier (RFC1) is a major route for the transport of folates in mammalian cells. The localization of RFC1 in murine tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis using a polyclonal antibody to the C-terminus of the carrier. There was expression of RFC1 in the brush-border membrane of the jejunum, ileum, duodenum and colon. RFC1 was localized to the basolateral membrane of the renal tubular epithelium. Carrier was detected on the plasma membrane of hepatocytes but not in bile duct epithelial cells. In the choroid plexus RFC1 was highly expressed at the apical surface. It was also expressed in axons and dendrites and on the apical membrane of cells lining the spinal canal. In spleen, RFC1 was detected only in the cells of the red pulp. These data provide insights into the role that RFC1 plays in folate delivery in a variety of tissues. In particular, the localization of carrier may elucidate the role of RFC1 in the vectorial transport of folates across epithelia. The data also indicate that in kidney tubules and choroid plexus the sites of RFC1 expression are different from what has been reported previously for the folate receptor; and while RFC1 is expressed in small intestine, folate receptor is not

Thermal Performances and Fluidity of Biodegradable Poly(L-lactic acid) Filled with N, N'-Oxalyl Bis(piperonylic acid) Dihydrazide as a Nucleating Agent

N, N'-oxalyl bis(piperonylic acid) dihydrazide (PAOD) was obtained through the amination of piperonylic acid chloride and its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance. Melting blend technology was used to prepare the modified poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) containing the various loading PAOD as a new organic nucleating agent. The thermal performances including crystallization, melting behavior and thermal decomposition process, as well as the fluidity of PAOD-nucleated PLLA were investigated via a series of tests. The DSC results showed that, in comparison to DSC curve of the virgin PLLA, the DSC curves of all PLLA/PAOD appeared the sharp melt-crystallization peak, and a higher PAOD concentration caused the melt-crystallization to occur in the higher temperature region and reduced the negative effect of the high cooling rate on the melt-crystallization process. However, with increasing of PAOD concentration, the cold-crystallization enthalpy decreased from 24.4 J/g to 16.7 J/g. The melting peak after melt-crystallization depended on the heating rate and the PAOD concentration; and the double melting peaks appeared after isothermal crystallization in low temperature region was thought to be due to the melting-recrystallization. The addition of PAOD decreased the onset decomposition temperature of PLLA, but the onset decomposition temperature was determined by the PAOD concentration and the intermolecular interaction of PLLA and PAOD. Additionally, the PAOD could considerably improve the fluidity of PLLA