Diversity and correlation analysis of different root exudates on the regulation of microbial structure and function in soil planted with Panax notoginseng

IntroductionSpecific interactions between root exudates and soil microorganisms has been proposed as one of the reasons accounting for the continuous cropping obstacle (CCO) of Panax notoginseng. However, rotation of other crops on soils planted with P. notoginseng (SPP) did not show CCO, suggesting that root exudates of different crops differentially regulate soil microorganisms in SPP.MethodsHere, we investigated the microbial community structure and specific interaction mechanisms of the root exudates of the four plant species, P. notoginseng (Pn), Zea mays (Zm), Nicotiana tabacum (Nt) and Perilla frutescens (Pf), in SPP by static soil culture experiment.ResultsThe results showed that the chemical diversity of root exudates varied significantly among the four plant species. Pn had the highest number of unique root exudates, followed by Nt, Zm and Pf. Terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenolic acids were the most abundant differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in Pn, Nt, Zm and Pf, respectively. However, lipids were the most abundant common DAMs among Zm Nt and Pf. Pn root exudates decreased the relative abundance of bacteria, but increased that of fungi. While specific DAMs in Pn enriched Phenylobacterium_zucineum, Sphingobium_yanoikuyae, Ophiostoma_ulmi and functional pathways of Nucleotide excision repair, Streptomycin biosynthesis, Cell cycle-Caulobacter and Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, it inhibited Paraburkholderia _caledonica and Ralstonia_pickettii. However, common DAMs in Zm, Nt and Pf had opposite effects. Moreover, common DAMs in Zm, Nt and Pf enriched Ralstonia_pseudosolanacearum and functional pathway of Xylene degradation; unique DAMs in Zm enriched Talaromyces_purcureogeneus, while inhibiting Fusarium_tricinctum and functional pathways of Nucleotide excision repair and Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; unique DAMs in Pf enriched Synchytrium_taraxaci.DiscussionThe core strains identified that interact with different root exudates will provide key clues for regulation of soil microorganisms in P. notoginseng cultivation to alleviate CCO

Multifunctional Ag@Fe(2)O(3) yolk-shell nanoparticles for simultaneous capture, kill, and removal of pathogen

We combined silver and iron oxide nanoparticles to make unique Ag@Fe(2)O(3) yolk-shell multifunctional nanoparticles by the Kirkendall effect. After the surface functionalization using glucose, the Ag@Fe(2)O(3)-Glu conjugates exhibited both high capture efficiency of bacteria and potent antibacterial activity. The Ag@Fe(2)O(3) yolk-shell nanostructures may offer a unique multifunctional platform for simultaneous rapid detection and capture of bacteria and safe detoxification treatment.National Science Foundation of China[21021061, 81000662]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[2010121012]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University[NCET-10-0709

Plasma lipidomic profiling of thiopurine-induced leukopenia after NUDT15 genotype-guided dosing in Chinese IBD patients

IntroductionThiopurines, azathiopurine (AZA) and mercaptopurine (6-MP) have been regularly used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite optimized dosage adjustment based on the NUDT15 genotypes, some patients still discontinue or change treatment regimens due to thiopurine-induced leukopenia.MethodsWe proposed a prospective observational study of lipidomics to reveal the lipids perturbations associated with thiopurine-induced leukopenia. One hundred and twenty-seven IBD participants treated with thiopurine were enrolled, twenty-seven of which have developed thiopurine-induced leucopenia. Plasma lipid profiles were measured using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Q-Exactive. Lipidomic alterations were validated with an independent validation cohort (leukopenia n = 26, non-leukopenia n = 74).ResultsUsing univariate and multivariate analysis, there were 16 lipid species from four lipid classes, triglyceride (n = 11), sphingomyelin (n = 1), phosphatidylcholine (n = 1) and lactosylceramide (n = 3) identified. Based on machine learning feature reduction and variable screening strategies, the random forest algorithm established by six lipids showed an excellent performance to distinguish the leukopenia group from the normal group, with a model accuracy of 95.28% (discovery cohort), 79.00% (validation cohort) and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.9989 (discovery cohort), 0.8098 (validation cohort).DiscussionOur novel findings suggested that lipidomic provided unique insights into formulating individualized medication strategies for thiopurines in IBD patients

Unveiling Two Electron-Transport Modes in Oxygen-Deficient TiO2 Nanowires and Their Influence on Photoelectrochemical Operation

Introducing oxygen vacancies (V-O) into TiO2 materials is one of the most promising ways to significantly enhance light-harvesting and photocatalytic efficiencies of photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for water splitting among others. However, the nature of electron transport in V-O-TiO2 nanostructures is not well understood, especially in an operating device. In this work, we use the intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy technique to study the electron-transport property of V-O-TiO2 nanowires (NWs). It is found that the electron transport in pristine TiO2 NWs displays a single trap-limited mode, whereas two electron-transport modes were detected in V-O-TiO2 NWs, a trap-free transport mode at the core, and a trap-limited transport mode near the surface. The considerably higher diffusion coefficient (D-n) of the trap-free transport mode grants a more rapid electron flow in V-O-TiO2 NWs than that in pristine TiO2 NWs. This electron-transport feature is expected to be common in other oxygen-deficient metal oxides, lending a general strategy for promoting the PEC device performance

Genome-wide identification and co-expression network analysis of the OsNF-Y gene family in rice

Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a ubiquitous transcription factor that regulates important physiological and developmental processes. In this study, we identified 34 OsNF-Y genes in rice, including 6 newly identified genes. Expression profile analysis covering the whole life cycle revealed that transcripts of OsNF-Y differentially accumulated in a tissue-specific, preferential or constitutive manner. In addition, gene duplication studies and expression analyses were performed to determine the evolutionary origins of the OsNF-Y gene family. Nine OsNF-Y genes were differentially expressed after treatment of seedlings with one or more abiotic stresses such as drought, salt and cold. Analysis of expression correlation and Gene Ontology annotation suggested that OsNF-Y genes were co-expressed with genes that participated in stress, accumulation of seed storage reserves, and plant development. Co-expression analysis also revealed that OsNF-Y genes might interact with each other, suggesting that NF-Y subunits formed complexes that take part in transcriptional regulation. These results provide useful information for further elucidating the function of the NF-Y family and their regulatory pathways

One-dimensional photonic crystals : Fabrication, responsiveness and emerging applications in 3D construction

A one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC), which is a periodic nanostructure with a refractive index distribution along one direction, has been widely studied by scientists. In this review, materials and methods for 1DPC fabrication are summarized. Applications are listed, with a special emphasis on sensing platforms and photovoltaic devices together with full color display. After that, some typical 3D ordered structures with stacked layers are highlighted, fabrication methods are also described, and remaining problems are pointed out. Lastly, the possibility of building 3D stacked structures based on 1D layers through chemical routes is discussed; a relatively convenient and flexible method. We believe such a method is a promising way to conduct 3D fabrication