Rural Labor Absorption Efficiency in Urban Areas under Different Urbanization Patterns and Industrial Structures: The Case of China

In this paper, we use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate how well China’s urban areas absorb migrant workers under the interaction of urbanization and industrialization. We applied an output-oriented BCC model to evaluate provincial and regional rural labor absorption efficiency in mainland China. It appears that 4 out of 31 provinces and municipals are efficient, and 2 out of 8 economic regions are efficient in absorbing migrant workers. In the southern and eastern parts of China, urban labor absorption efficiency is higher compared with the western and northern parts of China. Different urbanization patterns and industrial development strategies should be adopted in different economic areas to enhance labor absorption ability in these areas. Urban areas in many parts of China still have potential to accommodate rural migrant workers. The inter-regional flow of production factors would affect urban labor absorption efficiency.rural labor absorption in urban areas, urbanization, industry structure, DEA

Real Exchange Rate, Foreign Trade and Employment: Evidence from China

Coordination of macro-economic development and employment is an essential issue for China's social development, which largely depends on economic expansion, as well as integration into the global market to create jobs. Through the literature review and empirical test, this paper analyses the relationship between macro-economic policy and employment, and discusses the impact of real exchange rate and foreign trade on employment. The research indicates that a stable and competitive exchange rate policy plays an indispensable role in employment promotion, more effective than monetary and fiscal policies, while the export growth also plays a positive role in employment promotion.China, employment, foreign trade, real exchange rate

Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Genome-Wide Transcriptomic, Methylomic, and Network Perturbations in Brain and Blood Predicting Neurological Disorders.

The complexity of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathology, particularly concussive injury, is a serious obstacle for diagnosis, treatment, and long-term prognosis. Here we utilize modern systems biology in a rodent model of concussive injury to gain a thorough view of the impact of TBI on fundamental aspects of gene regulation, which have the potential to drive or alter the course of the TBI pathology. TBI perturbed epigenomic programming, transcriptional activities (expression level and alternative splicing), and the organization of genes in networks centered around genes such as Anax2, Ogn, and Fmod. Transcriptomic signatures in the hippocampus are involved in neuronal signaling, metabolism, inflammation, and blood function, and they overlap with those in leukocytes from peripheral blood. The homology between genomic signatures from blood and brain elicited by TBI provides proof of concept information for development of biomarkers of TBI based on composite genomic patterns. By intersecting with human genome-wide association studies, many TBI signature genes and network regulators identified in our rodent model were causally associated with brain disorders with relevant link to TBI. The overall results show that concussive brain injury reprograms genes which could lead to predisposition to neurological and psychiatric disorders, and that genomic information from peripheral leukocytes has the potential to predict TBI pathogenesis in the brain

Biomass-derived three-dimensional porous N-doped carbonaceous aerogel for efficient supercapacitor electrodes

Functionalized carbonaceous materials with hierarchical structure and developed porosity are highly desired in energy storage and conversion fields. In this work, a facile and scalable hydrothermal methodology was established to synthesise three-dimensional (3D) N-doped carbonaceous aerogels using biomass-based starting materials and polypyrrole as N-source. The effect of different calcination temperatures on the structural properties, type and content of N-species and electrochemical performance of the 3D N-doped carbonaceous aerogels were uncovered. Thanks to the combinatorial effect of the appropriate N content and porous structure, the obtained samples exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, in particular, an outstanding specific capacitance of 281.0 F g-1 achieved on the sample calcined at 600 °C. This methodology offers a new fabrication strategy to prepare nanoscale carbonaceous materials with desirable morphology and hierarchical architecture of great potentials for the applications in energy fields

Intergenerational transmission of education in China: New evidence from the Chinese Cultural Revolution

This paper estimates the effect of parental education on children’s education by using instruments generated by the Chinese Cultural Revolution, and further explores the mechanisms of this causal relationship. Several important findings stand out from our empirical analyses. We find a larger intergenerational persistence in education for higher level in urban areas but for a lower level of education in rural areas. The main results from instrumental variable estimation show that the nurture effect is larger and more significant for fathers than for mothers. A deeper investigation of the mechanism behind this nurture effect informs us that a father’s education passes on to his children’s education partly through the income channel. Another notable finding is that even after controlling for fathers’ income, parental education still has a significantly positive effect on children’s education through the nurture effect. This indicates that beyond the income channel, there may exist other channels such as better home environment, which deserve to be explored in future research.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147763/1/rode12558_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147763/2/rode12558.pd

Out of control: organizational defensive routines.

The current theory posits that organizational defensive routines (ODRs) are one of the reasons to explain why organizations still fail to achieve their learning goals. However, this assumption lacks consistent empirical evidence. This study is one of very few attempts to refine the concept of ODRs and analyze empirically the role ODRs play with respect to organizational learning. The thesis is a collection of essays that addresses the challenges of understanding the effect of ODRs at organizational learning. Each essay has its own focused research objectives to respond the main research questions. The researcher first examines the characteristics of ODRs based on the concept of organizational routines, then the researcher addresses the theoretical debate of how ODRs can affect organizational learning. At organizations, not only organizational factors such as structure, size and age can affect organizational learning, but so does individual factors such as individuals’ personality. Hence, the model integrated both organizational factors and individual factors into the model. To empirically assess the relationships proposed in the framework, it requires a reliable scale to measure ODRs which is missing in previous research. Therefore, the first study focuses on developing a measurement of ODRs through psychometric assessment and validation procedures. This study results in a construct measuring ODRs at the organizational level with two factors with eight items, namely organizational cover-up and organizational pretense. Additionally, ODRs at an individual level are measured by a scale with two factors and six items, namely embarrassment avoidance and rigidity at work. Equipped with the newly developed measurement of ODRs, the researcher conducted another two studies to test theoretical relations between ODRs and organizational learning. The second study uses multiple regressions to analyze the sample of 358 working on organizations of various size, structure, and age. The study includes some important predictors such as age, size and structure of organizations. The researcher confirms that centralized and formalized structures are negatively associated with organizational learning, but age and size do not have statistical influence on learning. The researcher confirms that high ODRs worsen the negative relationship between formalization and organizational learning. The third study applies the ODRs scale at the individual level to test role of these routines on organizational learning. It employs multiple regressions to analyze a sample of 351 observations. All the participants have more than one year working experience in their current organizations. The study includes three important personality traits as predictors, namely conscientiousness, openness to experience and neuroticism. The researcher confirms that openness to experience and neuroticism affect organizational learning. However, the researcher fails to find support on the theoretical hypotheses which predict the level of ODRs has an effect on relationships between organizational learning and those three traits. Theoretically, this study clarifies the definition of ODRs and built a close link with the organizational routines. It also enriches current understanding on the characteristic of routines being stable at the lens of defensive routines. The newly developed scale provides an opportunity to empirically test their roles on organizational learning and other organizational variables. While findings of the empirical study targeting the organizational level lead to the conclusion that organizations should endeavor to reduce ODRs, findings of the other empirical study suggest that individual’s perception of ODRs could be beneficial for organizational learning. This work claims that there seem to be a collective/social effect that is not apparent at the individual level while it influences the organization. Results diverging from theoretical deductions stimulate interesting prospects for further research in the future which are also discussed. Finally, the study indicates that structure is the most effective factor of organizational learning in comparison with age and size. Hence, organizations should endeavor to reduce the level of formalization and centralization to create a learning environment. The study can benefits organizations at following three aspects. First, organizations can make use of the new scale to identify ODRs at any stages of their development. This would prevent organizations from suffering serious consequences of by-passing and covering up negative issues caused by ODRs. Second, the organizations regardless of age and size can learnt from this study about the importance to realize the contributions of ODRs at organizational level and individual level. In order to alleviate ODRs, organizations should consider changing organizational factors which encourage people at organizations collectively avoid open communication. Meanwhile, they also need to pay attention at educating individuals who tend to be more likely to avoid discussing embarrassing issues. Third, organizations should design an appropriate organizational structure to facilitate information sharing and empower employees at decision making

Single cell molecular alterations reveal target cells and pathways of concussive brain injury.

The complex neuropathology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is difficult to dissect, given the convoluted cytoarchitecture of affected brain regions such as the hippocampus. Hippocampal dysfunction during TBI results in cognitive decline that may escalate to other neurological disorders, the molecular basis of which is hidden in the genomic programs of individual cells. Using the unbiased single cell sequencing method Drop-seq, we report that concussive TBI affects previously undefined cell populations, in addition to classical hippocampal cell types. TBI also impacts cell type-specific genes and pathways and alters gene co-expression across cell types, suggesting hidden pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic target pathways. Modulating the thyroid hormone pathway as informed by the T4 transporter transthyretin Ttr mitigates TBI-associated genomic and behavioral abnormalities. Thus, single cell genomics provides unique information about how TBI impacts diverse hippocampal cell types, adding new insights into the pathogenic pathways amenable to therapeutics in TBI and related disorders

Work-life balance and organizational commitment: a study of field level administration in Bangladesh

This paper aimed to explore the influence of Job pressure Stress and workplace support on work-life balance and affective organizational commitment among the officers working in field administration. Using a quantitative method, we collected a sample of 157 out of 563 field administration in Bangladesh. The data was analysed using multiple regression. The results showed that Job Pressure Stress is negatively related to work-life balance. Family supportive organizational policies has a more pronounced influence on work-life balance than other types of workplace support. Surprisingly, affective organizational commitment is not influenced by work-life balance. Our findings provide a preliminary understanding of work-life balance among public servants in Bangladesh and offer practical advice to policy makers aimed at improving public servants’ work-life balance

A Comparative Study of Mouse Hepatic and Intestinal Gene Expression Profiles under PPARα Knockout by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis

Gene expression profiling of PPARα has been used in several studies, but fewer studies went further to identify the tissue-specific pathways or genes involved in PPARα activation in genome-wide. Here, we employed and applied gene set enrichment analysis to two microarray datasets both PPARα related respectively in mouse liver and intestine. We suggested that the regulatory mechanism of PPARα activation by WY14643 in mouse small intestine is more complicated than in liver due to more involved pathways. Several pathways were cancer-related such as pancreatic cancer and small cell lung cancer, which indicated that PPARα may have an important role in prevention of cancer development. 12 PPARα dependent pathways and 4 PPARα independent pathways were identified highly common in both liver and intestine of mice. Most of them were metabolism related, such as fatty acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, pyruvate metabolism with regard to PPARα regulation but gluconeogenesis and propanoate metabolism independent of PPARα regulation. Keratan sulfate biosynthesis, the pathway of regulation of actin cytoskeleton, the pathways associated with prostate cancer and small cell lung cancer were not identified as hepatic PPARα independent but as WY14643 dependent ones in intestinal study. We also provided some novel hepatic tissue-specific marker genes

Thermodynamic properties of higher-dimensional dS black holes in dRGT massive gravity

On the basis of the state parameter of de Sitter space-time satisfying the first law of thermodynamics,we can derive some effective thermodynamic quantities.When the temperature of the black hole horizon is equal to that of the cosmological horizon, we think that the effective temperature of the space-time should have the same value. Using this condition, we obtain a differential equation of the entropy of the de Sitter black hole in the higherdimensional de Rham, Gabadadze and Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity. Solving the differential equation, we obtain the corrected entropy and effective thermodynamic quantities of the de Sitter black hole. The results show that for multiparameter black holes, the entropy satisfied differential equation is invariable with different independent state parameters. Therefore, the entropy of higher-dimensional dS black holes in dRGT massive gravity is only a function of the position of the black hole horizon, and is independent of other state parameters. It is consistent with the corresponding entropy of the black hole horizon and the cosmological horizon. The thermodynamic quantities of self-consistent de Sitter spacetime are given theoretically, and the equivalent thermodynamic quantities have the second-order phase transformation similar to AdS black hole, but unlike AdS black hole, the equivalent temperature of de Sitter space-time has a maximum value. By satisfying the requirement of thermodynamic equilibrium and stability of space-time, the conditions for the existence of dS black holes in the universe are obtained.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure