An Adaptive Compression and Communication Framework for Wireless Federated Learning

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed privacy-preserving paradigm of machine learning that enables efficient and secure model training through the collaboration of multiple clients. However, imperfect channel estimation and resource constraints of edge devices severely hinder the convergence of typical wireless FL, while the trade-off between communications and computation still lacks in-depth exploration. These factors lead to inefficient communications and hinder the full potential of FL from being unleashed. In this regard, we formulate a joint optimization problem of communications and learning in wireless networks subject to dynamic channel variations. For addressing the formulated problem, we propose an integrated adaptive $n$ -ary compression and resource management framework (ANC) that is capable of adjusting the selection of edge devices and compression schemes, and allocates the optimal resource blocks and transmit power to each participating device, which effectively improves the energy efficiency and scalability of FL in resource-constrained environments. Furthermore, an upper bound on the expected global convergence rate is derived in this paper to quantify the impacts of transmitted data volume and wireless propagation on the convergence of FL. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive framework achieves much faster convergence while maintaining considerably low communication overhead

Synthesis and Characterization of Different Crystalline Calcium Silicate Hydrate: Application for the Removal of Aflatoxin B1 from Aqueous Solution

Different crystalline calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) were synthesized under specific hydrothermal conditions and several methods were used to analyze samples. Amorphous calcium silicate hydrates (ACSH) mainly consists of disordered calcium silicate hydrate gel (C-S-H gel) and crystalline calcium silicate hydrates (CCSH) consists of crystallized tobermorite. The adsorption of carcinogenic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) onto ACSH and CCSH was investigated. The adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and intraparticle diffusion model. The pseudo-second-order model provided the best correlation and the intraparticle diffusion controlled the adsorption process of AFB1 onto CCSH. Adsorption isotherm parameters were obtained from Langmuir and Freundlich and the adsorption data fitted to Freundlich much better. Based on the results of N2 adsorption/desorption, adsorption kinetics, and adsorption isotherms, the adsorption mechanism of AFB1 onto CCSH was developed. All results indicate that CCSH has a great potential to be a safe, easy-made, and cost-effective material for the control of AFB1 contamination

A FUNCTIONAL STUDY OF A NEW DIABETIC FOOT SHOE

The purpose of this study was to testing the function of a new diabetic foot shoe - BMWALKER shoe which designed for Chinese people in daily activities and made a comparison with that of DARCO by means of plantar pressure distribution analysis and subjective wearing sense evaluation of diabetic patients. It was showed either BMWALKER or DARCO diabetic shoes could reduce the pressure and impulse at the ball of foot (M2-5 metatarsus), thus balance the pressure in the nine regions of the foot sole and abate the risk of damage due to high pressure and long time impact. The DARCO shoes dispersed the pressure of ball of foot and heel by better arch support. And the BMWALKER shoes reduced the maximum pressure and impulse by increasing the effective load area at the metatarsal. It indicated that both shoes have the function of foot protection but the mechanism of reducing the pressure on the ball of foot was different

Identification of the difference in the pathogenesis in heart failure arising from different etiologies using a microarray dataset

OBJECTIVES: Clinically, patients with chronic heart failure arising from different etiologies receive the same treatment. However, the prognoses of these patients differ. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether the pathogenesis of heart failure arising from different etiologies differs. METHODS: Heart failure-related dataset GSE1145 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes were identified using R. A protein-protein interaction network of the differentially expressed genes was constructed using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. The modules in each network were analyzed by Molecular Complex Detection of Cytoscape. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used to obtain the functions of the modules. RESULTS: Samples contained in GSE1145 were myocardial tissues from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, familial cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and post-partum cardiomyopathy. The differentially expressed genes, modules, and functions of the modules associated with different etiologies varied. Abnormal formation of extracellular matrix was overlapping among five etiologies. The change in cytoskeleton organization was specifically detected in dilated cardiomyopathy. The activation of the Wnt receptor signaling pathway was limited to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The change in nucleosome and chromatin assembly was associated with only familial cardiomyopathy. Germ cell migration and disrupted cellular calcium ion homeostasis were solely detected in ischemic cardiomyopathy. The change in the metabolic process of glucose and triglyceride was detected in only post-partum cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the pathogenesis of heart failure arising from different etiologies varies, which may provide molecular evidence supporting etiology-based treatment for heart failure patients

A STUDY ON THE REPRESENTATIVE POINT OF HORSE’S CENTER OF GRAVITY

The purpose of this study was to explore are there bony landmarks on the horse body’s surface matching the motion of center of gravity. The relationship between the bony landmarks and the center of gravity during actual race under Buchner and Kubo horse inertial models were analyzed. Results showed Buchner and Kubo models had high consistency on the kinematic parameters of the center of gravity. Comparing the relationship of the middle of mesoscapula and tail root with the center of gravity in displacement, velocity and the absolute difference, it was found that the middle of mesoscapula under Kubo model is a suitable represent point of the center of gravity among the characteristic points of two models in the motion of observed race horses

Cerenkov Luminescence Tomography for In Vivo Radiopharmaceutical Imaging

Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) is a cost-effective molecular imaging tool for biomedical applications of radiotracers. The introduction of Cerenkov luminescence tomography (CLT) relative to planar CLI can be compared to the development of X-ray CT based on radiography. With CLT, quantitative and localized analysis of a radiopharmaceutical distribution becomes feasible. In this contribution, a feasibility study of in vivo radiopharmaceutical imaging in heterogeneous medium is presented. Coupled with a multimodal in vivo imaging system, this CLT reconstruction method allows precise anatomical registration of the positron probe in heterogeneous tissues and facilitates the more widespread application of radiotracers. Source distribution inside the small animal is obtained from CLT reconstruction. The experimental results demonstrated that CLT can be employed as an available in vivo tomographic imaging of charged particle emitters in a heterogeneous medium

Combustion synthesis of Ce2LuO5.5:Eu phosphor nanopowders: structure, surface and luminescence investigations

The spherical shape, uniform size and small degree of agglomeration of the particles play crucial roles in promoting the practical applications of the phosphor powders. In this paper, the novel Eu3+ -doped cerium lutetium Ce2LuO5.5 composite nanopowders with a cubic fluorite structure were prepared via a typical solution combustion route, and their internal structure, surface morphology as well as luminescence properties were investigated. The Eu3+ could substitute in either Lu3+ or Ce4+ sites and the existence of oxygen vacancy was confirmed in the composite by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra techniques. Without the addition of surfactant, most of the as-prepared particles were bound together, and the luminescence was very weak even after a sintering process. Assisted with appropriate polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) surfactant in the combustion reaction and a subsequent heat-treatment process, the bound-particles were evidently separated and seemed to be nearly spherical shape. The particle size could be controlled to 30–120 nm and the luminescence was enhanced by adjusting the subsequent sintering temperature. Excited with 466 nm blue light, the nanopowders exhibited characteristic 5D0 → 7FJ (J  =  0–4) emission transition of Eu3+ and showed enhanced red luminescence as Eu3+ occupied Ce4+ site rather than Lu3+ site. The maximum emission was obtained as 40 mol% Eu substitutes Ce in the composite. Due to the coincidence of 466 nm excitation light with the emission of InGaN chips in white light-emitting diodes, the surface-morphology improved Eu-doped Ce2LuO5.5 phosphor nanopowders have a potential application in solid state lighting fields.publishe

Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Dy) - doped Sr2CeO4 fine phosphor particles: wet chemical preparation, energy transfer and tunable luminescence

The Sr2CeO4:Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Dy) fine phosphor particles were prepared by a facile wet chemical approach, in which the consecutive hydrothermal-combustion reaction was performed. The doping of Ln3+ into Sr2CeO4 has little influence on the structure of host, and the as-prepared samples display well-crystallized spherical or elliptical shape with an average particle size at about 100–200 nm. For Eu3+ ions-doped Sr2CeO4, with the increase of Eu3+-doping concentration, the blue light emission band with the maximum at 468 nm originating from a Ce4+ → O2− charge transfer of the host decreases obviously and the characteristic red light emission of Eu3+ (5D0→7F2 transition at 618 nm) is enhanced gradually. Simultaneously, the fluorescent lifetime of the broadband emission of Sr2CeO4 decreases with the doping of Eu3+, indicating an efficient energy transfer from the host to the doping Eu3+ ions. The energy transfer efficiency from the host to Eu3+ was investigated in detail, and the emitting color of Sr2CeO4:Eu3+ can be easily tuned from blue to red by varying the doping concentration of Eu3+ ions. Moreover, the luminescence of Dy3+-doped Sr2CeO4 was also studied. Similar energy transfer phenomenon can be observed, and the incorporation of Dy3+ into Sr2CeO4 host leads to the characteristic emission of 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 (488 nm, blue light) and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 (574 nm, yellow light) of Dy3+. The Sr2CeO4:Ln3+ fine particles with tunable luminescence are quite beneficial for its potential applications in the optoelectronic fields.publishe