Testing Higher-order Clusterability on graphs

Analysis of higher-order organizations, usually small connected subgraphs called motifs, is a fundamental task on complex networks. This paper studies a new problem of testing higher-order clusterability: given query access to an undirected graph, can we judge whether this graph can be partitioned into a few clusters of highly-connected motifs? This problem is an extension of the former work proposed by Czumaj et al. (STOC' 15), who recognized cluster structure on graphs using the framework of property testing. In this paper, a good graph cluster on high dimensions is first defined for higher-order clustering. Then, query lower bound is given for testing whether this kind of good cluster exists. Finally, an optimal sublinear-time algorithm is developed for testing clusterability based on triangles

Phasic and Tonic Smooth Muscle Function of the Partially Obstructed Guinea Pig Intestine

This study was to generate phasic and tonic stress-strain curves for evaluation of smooth muscle function in the obstructed guinea pig jejunum. Partial and sham obstruction of the jejunum in guinea pigs was created surgically, with guinea pigs not being operated on served as normal controls. The animals survived 2, 4, 7, and 14 days, respectively. The jejunal segment was distended to 10 cm H2O. The pressure and outer diameter changes were recorded. Passive conditions were obtained by using papaverine. Total phasic, tonic, and passive circumferential stress and strain were computed from the diameter and pressure data with reference to the zero-stress-state geometry. The active phasic and tonic stresses were defined as the total phasic and tonic stress minus the passive stress. The thickness of intestinal muscle layers increased in a time-dependent manner after obstruction. The amplitude of passive, total phasic, total tonic, active phasic, and active tonic circumferential stresses increased as function of strain 7 days after obstruction. However, when normalized to muscle layer thickness, the amplitude of active stresses did not differ among the groups. In conclusion, the long-term-obstructed intestine exhibits increased total smooth muscle contraction force. However, the contraction force per smooth muscle unit did not increase

Early identification of potential brain death organ donors based on prediction of spontaneous respiratory arrest

Background: This study was designed to build a Nomogarm prediction model of spontaneous respiratory arrest (SRA) in nerocritical patients within 72 hours after brain injury for early identification of potential brain death organ donors.Methods: From October 2017 to May 2019, the neurocritical patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, were enrolled. The occurrence of SRA within 72 hours after brain injury was regarded as the time interest point and grouping factor, factors associated with SRA were screened by univariate and multivariate analysis, and then the Nomogarm prediction model was developed. Finally, the Nomogarm prediction model was tested in the validation set.Results: In training set, univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the midline shift (OR=4.56, 95% 1.87-19.21), absent of ambient cistern (OR=4.83, 95% 1.35-16.34), cough reflex absence (OR=3.82, 95% 1.15-12.42), intraventricular hemorrhage (OR=3.16, 95% 1.53-14.52) and serum Na+<125mmol/L (OR=3.06, 95% 1.53-13.44) were associated with SRA within 72 hours. In the training set and validation set, the predicted C index of SRA rate within 72 hours was 0.81 (95% CI 0.76-0.85) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.75-0.83), respectively. Further statistical analysis showed that 140 points, 160 points and 170 points were dangerous cut-off points, of which 140 points, 160 points and 170 points were 30.1%, 65.6% and 93.4% associated with SRA within 72 hours, respectively.Conclusions: Nomogram prediction model based on brain injury assessment parameters can predict the time of SRA in neurocritical patients, and can be used for early identification of potential brain death organ donors

An overview and single-arm meta-analysis of immune-mediated adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination

BackgroundWe conducted an overview to assess immune adverse effects associated with the COVID-19 vaccine, guiding safer choices and providing evidence-based information to clinicians.MethodsForty-three studies on adverse effects of vaccines were reviewed from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Single-arm meta-analyses estimated summary effects, incidence, presentation, etc. An overview using single-arm meta-analysis and reported the findings following the guidelines outlined in the ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) specifically focusing on myocarditis and thrombosis. After screening 2,591 articles, 42 studies met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was evaluated using AMSTAR 2. Disagreements were resolved via consensus. Data analysis utilized a random-effects model in R software to estimate incidence rates of selected adverse events.ResultsAfter removing 1,198 duplicates and screening out irrelevant articles from a total of 2,591, we included 42 studies. Adverse reactions to vaccinations include myocarditis, thrombosis, skin reactions, GBS, etc. thrombosis and myocarditis are the most dangerous diseases associated with vaccination. Myocarditis occurred in 6% of Vector vaccine recipients, compared to 61% of mRNA vaccine recipients. Thrombosis was more common after Vector vaccination (91%) than after mRNA vaccination (9%). Furthermore, eight studies conducted anti-PF4 antibody tests and yielded a positivity rate of 67%. Meta-analysis showed that among all patients with Vaccine-induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis occurred in 66%, and intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 43%. The rates of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism in vaccinated patients were 13% and 23%, respectively, with a pooled case fatality rate of 30%.ConclusionThe results of this overview indicate the majority of adverse reactions are self-limiting and require minimal intervention, while rare occurrences such as myocarditis and thrombosis pose a potentially fatal threat

Effectiveness and safety of Compound Danshen injection as treatment for pregnancy-induced hypertension: A metaanalysis

Purpose: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Compound Danshen injection in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH).Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), VIP (xiAn), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wan Fang databases were searched up to March 20, 2018, for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the use of Compound Danshen injection in patients with PIH. Data were extracted from included studies after assessing the quality of literature. Revman 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis．Results: A total of 18 RCTs involving 1735 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis indicated that the study group was superior to the control group in clinical effectiveness (RR = 1.15, 95 % CI: 1.02 - 1.30); intrauterine fetal distress (RR = 0.26, 95 % CI: 0.09 - 0.70); cesarean section (RR = 0.72, 95 % CI: 0.58 - 0.90), and neonatal asphyxia (RR = 0.23, 95 % CI: 0.11 - 0.48). There were no statistical differences in fetal heart rate abnormalities (RR = 0.58, 95 %, CI: 0.33 - 1.02, p &gt; 0.05) and postpartum hemorrhage (RR = 0.86, 95 % CI: 0.53 - 1.42) between the two groups.Conclusion: Treatment of PIH with Compound Danshen injection (alone or in combination) is superior to the use of conventional western medical treatment in safety and effectiveness. However, higher quality clinical studies are needed to confirm these results because most trials included in this study were of low quality.Keywords: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), Compound Danshen injection, Meta-analysi

Duet: efficient and scalable hybriD neUral rElation undersTanding

Learned cardinality estimation methods have achieved high precision compared to traditional methods. Among learned methods, query-driven approaches face the data and workload drift problem for a long time. Although both query-driven and hybrid methods are proposed to avoid this problem, even the state-of-the-art of them suffer from high training and estimation costs, limited scalability, instability, and long-tailed distribution problem on high cardinality and high-dimensional tables, which seriously affects the practical application of learned cardinality estimators. In this paper, we prove that most of these problems are directly caused by the widely used progressive sampling. We solve this problem by introducing predicates information into the autoregressive model and propose Duet, a stable, efficient, and scalable hybrid method to estimate cardinality directly without sampling or any non-differentiable process, which can not only reduces the inference complexity from O(n) to O(1) compared to Naru and UAE but also achieve higher accuracy on high cardinality and high-dimensional tables. Experimental results show that Duet can achieve all the design goals above and be much more practical and even has a lower inference cost on CPU than that of most learned methods on GPU

Elucidating Charge Separation Dynamics in a Hybrid Metal–Organic Framework Photocatalyst for Light-Driven H\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e Evolution

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as novel scaffolds for artificial photosynthesis due to their unique capability in incorporating homogeneous photosensitizer and catalyst to their robust heterogeneous matrix. In this work, we report the charge separation dynamics between molecular Ru-photosensitizer and Pt-catalyst, both of which were successfully incorporated into a Zr-MOF that demonstrates excellent activity and stability for light-driven H2 generation from water. Using optical transient absorption (OTA) spectroscopy, we show that charge separation in this hybrid MOF occurs via electron transfer (ET) from Ru-photosensitizer to Pt-catalyst. Using Pt L3-edge X-ray transient absorption (XTA) spectroscopy, we observed the intermediate reduced Pt site, directly confirming the formation of charge separated state due to ET from Ru-photosensitizer and unraveling their key roles in photocatalysis

n-Dodecyl­ammonium bromide monohydrate

In the title compound, C12H28N+·Br−·H2O, the ionic pairs formed by n-dodecyl­ammonium cations and bromide anions are arranged into thick layers; these layers are linked in a nearly perpendicular fashion [the angle between the layers is 85.84 (5)°] by hydrogen-bonding inter­actions involving the water mol­ecules. The methyl­ene part of the alkyl chain in the cation adopts an all-trans conformation. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯Br, O—H⋯Br and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

The Secreted Peptide PIP1 Amplifies Immunity through Receptor-Like Kinase 7

In plants, innate immune responses are initiated by plasma membrane-located pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) upon recognition of elicitors, including exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Arabidopsis thaliana produces more than 1000 secreted peptide candidates, but it has yet to be established whether any of these act as elicitors. Here we identified an A. thaliana gene family encoding precursors of PAMP-induced secreted peptides (prePIPs) through an in-silico approach. The expression of some members of the family, including prePIP1 and prePIP2, is induced by a variety of pathogens and elicitors. Subcellular localization and proteolytic processing analyses demonstrated that the prePIP1 product is secreted into extracellular spaces where it is cleaved at the C-terminus. Overexpression of prePIP1 and prePIP2, or exogenous application of PIP1 and PIP2 synthetic peptides corresponding to the C-terminal conserved regions in prePIP1 and prePIP2, enhanced immune responses and pathogen resistance in A. thaliana. Genetic and biochemical analyses suggested that the receptor-like kinase 7 (RLK7) functions as a receptor of PIP1. Once perceived by RLK7, PIP1 initiates overlapping and distinct immune signaling responses together with the DAMP PEP1. PIP1 and PEP1 cooperate in amplifying the immune responses triggered by the PAMP flagellin. Collectively, these studies provide significant insights into immune modulation by Arabidopsis endogenous secreted peptides

Additive Manufacturing of ODS Steels Using Powder Feedstock Atomized with Elemental Yttrium

This study investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of an austenitic ODS steel produced by the Laser Directed Energy Deposition (LDED) process using powder feedstock atomized with elemental yttrium. The Microstructure of the samples was characterized by electron microscopy, and mechanical properties were measured using a tensile test and nanoindentation. Further, the thermal stability of the LDEDproduced ODS steels were evaluated. As-printed samples showed a cellular structure with Si-Mn-Y-Oenriched nanoparticles that were found to be amorphous. After 100 hours at 1000°C in an argon atmosphere, a partially recrystallized microstructure with a decrease in the number density of Y-O-enriched nanoparticles with crystalline structure was revealed. The as-printed (600 W, 600 mm/min) samples exhibited an ultimate tensile strength of 774 MPa and an elongation at a break of 22%. A lower ultimate tensile strength of 592 MPa and higher elongation of 42% was measured after 100 hours at 1000°C.Mechanical Engineerin