Event-related potential measures of the intending process: Time course and related ERP components

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The intending process plays an important part to the successful completion of many daily activities. However, few researchers have paid attention to this issue. This study was set to investigate the time course and the electrophysiological evidence of the intending process with a cue-respond task.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants were performing different cued conditions (deceptive, truthful, and watch-only). The time course of intending process was analyzed through the different effect of the cue stimuli.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The P2 component, that appeared between 200 and 400 ms after the cue was onset, can be observed in the intended conditions (deceptive, truthful), but cannot be found in un-intended condition (watch-only). The mean amplitude in P2 between the truthful and deceptive conditions was consistent with previous studies. P2 was thought to be the reflection of the intention process.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results suggested that the intention process happened 200 to 400 ms after the cue stimuli was onset, and the P2 in the posterior scalp during this period could be a specific component that related with the process of intention.</p

RVM Classification of Hyperspectral Images Based on Wavelet Kernel Non-negative Matrix Fractorization

A novel kernel framework for hyperspectral image classification based on relevance vector machine (RVM) is presented in this paper. The new feature extraction algorithm based on Mexican hat wavelet kernel non-negative matrix factorization (WKNMF) for hyperspectral remote sensing images is proposed. By using the feature of multi-resolution analysis, the new method of nonlinear mapping capability based on kernel NMF can be improved. The new classification framework of hyperspectral image data combined with the novel WKNMF and RVM. The simulation experimental results on HYDICE and AVIRIS data sets are both show that the classification accuracy of proposed method compared with other experiment methods even can be improved over 10% in some cases and the classification precision of small sample data area can be improved effectively

Altered brain functional networks in Internet gaming disorder: independent component and graph theoretical analysis under a probability-discounting task

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is becoming a matter of concern around the world. However, the neural mechanism underlying IGD remains unclear. In present study, we used independent component analysis (ICA) and graph theoretical analysis (GTA) to explore the potential changed networks in IGD subjects compared to recreational game user (RGU) under a probability-discounting task. Imaging and behavioral data were collected from 18 IGD and 20 RGU subjects. Behavioral results showed the IGD subjects, comparing to RGU, prefer risky options to the fixed ones and spent less time in making risky decisions. In imaging results, the ICA analysis revealed that the IGD showed stronger functional connectivity (FC) in reward circuits and executive control network, as well as lower FC in anterior salience network (ASN) than RGU; for the GTA results, the IGD showed impaired FC in reward circuits and ASN compared to RGU. Taken all, these results suggest that IGD subjects were more sensitive to rewards and, at the same time, they usually neglect the potential punishment under a risky circumstance. Besides this, they were more impulsive in decision-making as they could not control their impulsivity effectively. This might explain why IGD subjects cannot stop their gaming behaviors even facing serve negative consequences

Meta-analyses of the functional neural alterations in subjects with Internet gaming disorder: similarities and differences across different paradigms

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become a global public health concern due to its increasing prevalence and potential negative consequences. Researchers have sought to identify which brain regions are associated with this disorder. However, inconsistent results have been reported among studies due to the heterogeneity of paradigms and subjects. The present research aimed to combine the results of individual studies to provide a more coherent and powerful explanation. By selecting 40 studies utilizing a qualified whole-brain analysis, we performed a comprehensive series of meta-analyses that employed seed-based d mapping. We divided the existing experimental paradigms into 3 categories: game-related cue-reactivity, executive control, and risk-reward-related decision-making tasks. We divided all studies into three subgroups according to their paradigms. In cue-reactivity tasks, patients with IGD exhibited significant hyperactivation in the bilateral precuneus and bilateral cingulate and significant hypoactivation in the insula, but there were no differences in the striatum. In executive control tasks, patients with IGD displayed significant hyperactivation in the right superior temporal gyrus, bilateral precuneus, bilateral cingulate, and insula and hypoactivation in the left inferior frontal gyrus. In risky decision-making paradigms, IGD patients exhibited significant hyperactivation in the left striatum, right inferior frontal gyrus, and insula and hypoactivation in the left superior frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and right precentral gyrus. Our study aimed to discover the similarities among all studies and to explore the uniqueness of the different paradigms. This study further confirmed the critical role of reward circuitry and executive control circuitry in IGD but not under all conditions

Study of dynamic vibration characteristics and suppression of CNC machine tool during operation

The rapid development of aerospace, automobile, national defense and other manufacturing industries has continuously improved the performance requirements of high speed and high positioning accuracy of the CNC machine tool feed system. As the thermal deformation error increases, the system structural rigidity decreases, the vibration increases, and accuracy of machine tool reduces. Existing research mainly focuses on the properties of mechanical and single thermal feed system, and less considers the dynamic performance under the action of thermal-mechanical coupling. For the improvement of feed system performance, it is very beneficiary. This paper takes the high-speed tool of CNC feed system as objective, combined with the actual working conditions to analyze the thermal characteristics, dynamic characteristics and vibration characteristics of the system under the effect of thermal-mechanical coupling. The thermal resistance and convective heat transfer of the key joint surface, the application of moving thermal loads, and the establishment of a simulation model to complete the steady-state temperature field, transient temperature field and thermal-structure coupling analysis. The results show that the maximum temperature rise of the feed system is 21.08 °C, The maximum thermal deformation is 17.264 um. The study found that the parameters such as flow rate and airflow temperature have a significant impact on the cooling effect, so the cooling device was further optimized. This paper proposes a control method for cutting chatter of CNC machine tools based on coupling of characteristics of thermal and mechanical. The thermal characteristic of the feed system and the thermal-mechanical coupling vibration characteristic test provides the maximum temperature error of 3.2 %, verifying the correctness of the theoretical method and analysis model. The highest temperature obtained by the test is 39.7 °C, indicating that the high-speed feed system has a large thermal effect. The relative error of the vibration amplitude of the test and simulation is 12.5 %, which verifies coupling in terms of thermal-mechanical. The accuracy of the vibration analysis method; the experiment depicts that the vibration amplitude increases by 19.7 % under the coupling effect of thermal and mechanical, indicating the effectiveness of dynamic characteristics of the high-speed feed system considering the thermal-mechanical coupling effect

Association between Nine Types of TCM Constitution and Five Chronic Diseases: A Correspondence Analysis Based on a Sample of 2,660 Participants

Objective. The purpose of this study was to explore the association of nine types of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution with the five chronic diseases: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and obesity. Methods. Chi-squared test was performed to investigate the distribution characteristics of TCM constitutions in the participants with the five chronic diseases in questionnaire. Correspondence analysis was used to explore the correlation between them. Results. A total of 2,660 participants (1,400 males; 1,260 females) were included in this study. The mean age was 52.54 ± 13.92. Of them, 600 were of gentleness type accounting for 22.56%. Proportions of gentleness type in the chronic diseases (16.00%~23.70%) were less than that in general population (32.14%). The gentleness type and yin-deficiency type were significantly correlated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, qi-deficiency type was correlated with heart disease, phlegm-dampness type was associated with obesity, and dampness-heat type was correlated with hyperlipidemia. Conclusions. The correlations between TCM constitution types and the five chronic diseases were different. This may have a significant implication for TCM practice, and even the people with gentleness type should not be ignored in health management

Functional microorganisms in Baijiu Daqu: Research progress and fortification strategy for application

Daqu is a saccharifying and fermenting starter in the production of Chinese Baijiu; its quality directly affects the quality of Baijiu. The production of Daqu is highly environment-dependent, and after long-term natural domestication, it is rich in a wide variety of microorganisms with a stable composition, which provide complex and diverse enzymes and flavor (precursor) substances and microbiota for Jiupei (Fermented grains) fermentation. However, inoculation with a relatively stable microbial community can lead to a certain upper limit or deficiencies of the physicochemical properties (e.g., saccharification capacity, esterification capacity) of the Daqu and affect the functional expression and aroma formation of the Daqu. Targeted improvement of this problem can be proposed by selecting functional microorganisms to fortify the production of Daqu. This review introduced the isolation, screening, identification and functional characteristics of culture-dependent functional microorganisms in Baijiu-brewing, the core functional microbiota community of Daqu, and the related research progress of functional microorganisms fortified Daqu, and summarized the fortifying strategies of functional microorganisms, aiming to further deepen the application of functional microorganisms fortification in Daqu fermentation and provide ideas for the flavor regulation and quality control of Baijiu

DNMT1 regulates IL-6- and TGF-β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate epithelial cells

Multiple factors have been considered to play a role in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), including chronic inflammation, hormones, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Inflammation is regarded as one of the potential inducers of EMT. However, the mechanisms, modulating pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TGF-β1) induce EMT features, have not yet been studied in BPH. In this study, we investigated whether DNA methyltransferases1 (DNMT1) could regulate IL-6 and TGF-β1 induce EMT. The expression of EMT features was analyzed in normal prostate epithelial cells (PrECs) and BPH1 cells. Real-time RT-PCR and western blotting were used to examine the expression of EMT features in IL-6- and TGF-β1-treated PrECs. Next, bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) methods were used to examine the DNA methylation level of the Cdh1 promoter region. The results showed that EMT features were increased in BPH1 cells, compared to PrECs. IL-6 and TGF-β1 treatment induced EMT features, including decreased E-cadherin expression. The results of BSP revealed significant DNA hypermethylation at the promoter region of Cdh1 after IL-6 and TGF-β1 exposure, which was rescued when pretreated with 5-Aza or TGF-β1 antibody. Moreover, the protein expression and methyltransferase activity of DNMT1 were also increased after IL-6 and TGF-β1 induction. Collectively, our study showed that IL-6 and TGF-β1 could activate DNMT1 and directly regulate the expression of E-cadherin in PrECs, providing a potential therapeutic candidate for BPH. </p

BRD9-SMAD2/3 orchestrates stemness and tumorigenesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Background and Aims The dismal prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is linked to the presence of pancreatic cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) that respond poorly to current chemotherapy regimens. The epigenetic mechanisms regulating CSCs are currently insufficiently understood, which hampers the development of novel strategies for eliminating CSCs. Methods By small molecule compound screening targeting 142 epigenetic enzymes, we identified that bromodomain-containing protein BRD9, a component of the BAF histone remodeling complex, is a key chromatin regulator to orchestrate the stemness of pancreatic CSCs via cooperating with the TGFβ/Activin-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Results Inhibition and genetic ablation of BRD9 block the self-renewal, cell cycle entry into G0 phase and invasiveness of CSCs, and improve the sensitivity of CSCs to gemcitabine treatment. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of BRD9 significantly reduced the tumorigenesis in patient-derived xenografts mouse models and eliminated CSCs in tumors from pancreatic cancer patients. Mechanistically, inhibition of BRD9 disrupts enhancer-promoter looping and transcription of stemness genes in CSCs. Conclusions Collectively, the data suggest BRD9 as a novel therapeutic target for PDAC treatment via modulation of CSC stemness