415 research outputs found
Deepfakes for Medical Video De-Identification: Privacy Protection and Diagnostic Information Preservation
Data sharing for medical research has been difficult as open-sourcing
clinical data may violate patient privacy. Traditional methods for face
de-identification wipe out facial information entirely, making it impossible to
analyze facial behavior. Recent advancements on whole-body keypoints detection
also rely on facial input to estimate body keypoints. Both facial and body
keypoints are critical in some medical diagnoses, and keypoints invariability
after de-identification is of great importance. Here, we propose a solution
using deepfake technology, the face swapping technique. While this swapping
method has been criticized for invading privacy and portraiture right, it could
conversely protect privacy in medical video: patients' faces could be swapped
to a proper target face and become unrecognizable. However, it remained an open
question that to what extent the swapping de-identification method could affect
the automatic detection of body keypoints. In this study, we apply deepfake
technology to Parkinson's disease examination videos to de-identify subjects,
and quantitatively show that: face-swapping as a de-identification approach is
reliable, and it keeps the keypoints almost invariant, significantly better
than traditional methods. This study proposes a pipeline for video
de-identification and keypoint preservation, clearing up some ethical
restrictions for medical data sharing. This work could make open-source high
quality medical video datasets more feasible and promote future medical
research that benefits our society.Comment: Accepted for publication at the AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial
Intelligence, Ethics, and Society (AIES) 202
ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AT THE WANGU ACUPOINT SUPPRESSES EXPRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF RATS WITH VASCULAR DEMENTIA
Background: Vascular dementia (VD) is the most frequent psychiatric complication of stroke, and is often difficult to treat.
Incidence rate of vascular cognition impairment is still 70% after stroke in one year (Sui R et al.2011). Stroke patients with VD
suffer from a higher mortality rate and have worse functional outcomes and quality of life. However, despite the extensive literatures
on this topic, there is no agreement on the causal mechanisms and effective therapy for VD. The objective of this study is to examine
if electroacupuncture at the Wangu acupoint (GB 12), whose position is similar to the cerebellar fastigial nucleus, could reduce
inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of rats with vascular dementia (VD).
Materials and Methods: The 54 healthy, male, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, 9 months old, and of clean grade (300-450) g, were
randomly divided into three groups: sham surgery group, VD group and electro-acupuncture group. The ethology scores of VD rats
were evaluated and the mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) in the hippocampus were assessed
and the hippocampal tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.
Results: Compared with the VD group, in the electroacupuncture group, the rats’ learning ability improved significantly and the
mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β decreased. Simultaneously, the damage extent of nerve cells in the hippocampal tissues
decreased, with their morphology recovered to nearly normal.
Conclusions: Electro-acupuncture at the Wangu acupoint can decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus,
reduce the damage extent of nerve cells in the hippocampus, and thus provide a new neuroprotective method in V
Towards Better Entity Linking with Multi-View Enhanced Distillation
Dense retrieval is widely used for entity linking to retrieve entities from
large-scale knowledge bases. Mainstream techniques are based on a dual-encoder
framework, which encodes mentions and entities independently and calculates
their relevances via rough interaction metrics, resulting in difficulty in
explicitly modeling multiple mention-relevant parts within entities to match
divergent mentions. Aiming at learning entity representations that can match
divergent mentions, this paper proposes a Multi-View Enhanced Distillation
(MVD) framework, which can effectively transfer knowledge of multiple
fine-grained and mention-relevant parts within entities from cross-encoders to
dual-encoders. Each entity is split into multiple views to avoid irrelevant
information being over-squashed into the mention-relevant view. We further
design cross-alignment and self-alignment mechanisms for this framework to
facilitate fine-grained knowledge distillation from the teacher model to the
student model. Meanwhile, we reserve a global-view that embeds the entity as a
whole to prevent dispersal of uniform information. Experiments show our method
achieves state-of-the-art performance on several entity linking benchmarks.Comment: Accepted by ACL 2023 Main Conferenc
Identification of thioredoxin-1 as a biomarker of lung cancer and evaluation of its prognostic value based on bioinformatics analysis
BackgroundThioredoxin-1 (TXN), a redox balance factor, plays an essential role in oxidative stress and has been shown to act as a potential contributor to various cancers. This study evaluated the role of TXN in lung cancer by bioinformatics analyses.Materials and methodsGenes differentially expressed in lung cancer and oxidative stress related genes were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus and GeneCards databases. Following identification of TXN as an optimal differentially expressed gene by bioinformatics, the prognostic value of TXN in lung cancer was evaluated by univariate/multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, with validation by receiver operation characteristic curve analysis. The association between TXN expression and lung cancer was verified by immunohistochemical analysis of the Human Protein Atlas database, as well as by western blotting and qPCR. Cell proliferation was determined by cell counting kit-8 after changing TXN expression using lentiviral transfection.ResultsTwenty differentially expressed oxidative stress genes were identified. Differential expression analysis identified five genes (CASP3, CAT, TXN, GSR, and HSPA4) and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis identified four genes (IL-6, CYCS, TXN, and BCL2) that differed significantly in lung cancer and normal lung tissue, indicating that TXN was an optimal differentially expressed gene. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that T stage (T3/T4), N stage (N2/N3), curative effect (progressive diseases) and high TXN expression were associated with poor survival, although high TXN expression was poorly predictive of overall survival. TXN was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and cells. Knockdown of TXN suppressed cell proliferation, while overexpression of TXN enhanced cell proliferation.ConclusionHigh expression of TXN plays an important role in lung cancer development and prognosis. Because it is a prospective prognostic factor, targeting TXN may have clinical benefits in the treatment of lung cancer
Signet-ring cell lymphoma: clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies of 7 cases
Context
Signet-ring cell lymphoma (SRCL) is a rare morphologic variant of non–Hodgkin lymphoma. Although it was initially reported as a rare morphologic variant of follicular lymphoma (FL), SRCL has to date been described in most types of non–Hodgkin lymphoma, mostly as single-case reports.
Objective
To study SRCL systematically by immunohistochemical stains and fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses.
Design
Seven SRCL cases were stained for CD3, CD5, CD20, PAX-5, CD10, CD21, CD23, cyclin D1, BCL2, BCL6, Ki-67, and MUM-1, and were analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization for BCL2, BCL6, MYC, and MALT1 rearrangements. Clinical information and patient outcome were reviewed in all patients.
Results
The patients were 3 women and 3 men, ranging in age from 31 to 75 years (average 60.3 years). The lesions involved lymph nodes, tonsil, parotid gland, soft tissue, and breast. There were 4 FLs, 1 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 1 DLBCL with FL, and 1 DLBCL with marginal zone lymphoma. All cases had typical signet-ring cell morphology. They were positive for CD20 and BCL-2, and had low-to-intermediate Ki-67 proliferation index (10%-40%) except in the parotid DLBCL with FL (70%). BCL-6 was detected in all but 1 FL (6/7). Fluorescent in situ hybridization detected IGH/BCL2 translocation in 1 FL, increased BCL6 copy number in another FL, BCL6 rearrangement, and increased copy number of MYC and MALT1 in the DLBCL with marginal zone lymphoma.
Conclusions
The FL with signet-ring cell morphology (1/5) tends to lack IGH/BCL2 translocation, and an extended immunohistochemical study is recommended for correct diagnosis and classification of SRCL
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