固定気流障害を有する高齢者における呼吸機能および呼吸impedanceの解析

藤田保健衛生大

Suzaku Observation of the RCW86 Northeastern Shell

This paper reports the Suzaku results on the northeast shell of RCW 86. With the spatial and spectral analysis, we separated the X-rays into three distinct components; low (kT_e~0.3keV) and high (kT_e~1.8keV) temperature plasmas and a non-thermal component, and discovered their spatial distributions are different from each other. The low temperature plasma is dominated at the east rim, whereas the non-thermal emission is the brightest at the northeast rim which is spatially connected from the east rim. The high temperature plasma, found to contain the ~6.42keV line (K alpha of low-ionized iron), is enhanced at the inward region with respect to the east rim and has no spatial correlation with the non-thermal X-ray (the northeast). The Fe-Kalpha line, therefore, is not related to the non-thermal emission but originates from Fe-rich ejecta heated to the high temperatures by the reverse shock. Since the metal abundances of the low temperature plasma are sub-solar, the most possible origin of this component is interstellar medium heated by a blast wave. The non-thermal X-ray, which has a power-law index of ~2.8, is likely to be synchrotron emission. A possible scenario to explain these morphologies and spectra is: A fast moving blast wave in a thin cavity of OB association collided with a dense interstellar medium or cloud at the east region very recently. As the result, the reverse shock in this interior decelerated, and arrived at the Fe-rich region of the ejecta and heated it. In the northeast rim, on the other hand, the blast wave is still moving fast, and accelerated high energy electrons to emit synchrotron X-rays.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures (9 figure files), accepted for publication in PAS

On intrinsically knotted or completely 3-linked graphs

We say that a graph is intrinsically knotted or completely 3-linked if every embedding of the graph into the 3-sphere contains a nontrivial knot or a 3-component link any of whose 2-component sublink is nonsplittable. We show that a graph obtained from the complete graph on seven vertices by a finite sequence of $\triangle Y$-exchanges and $Y \triangle$-exchanges is a minor-minimal intrinsically knotted or completely 3-linked graph.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figure

A study on the consonant contrast in the Seoul dialect of Korean : the contrast system of the three phonation types of word-initial consonants

PDF/A形式により利用可能アクセス:WWWによる東京外国語大学大学院総合国際学研究科博士 (学術) 論文 (2019年9月)博甲第276号その他のタイトルは英文要旨による参考文献: p127-133東京外国語大学 (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)博士 (学術

Pedagogical and performance guide of Lera Auerbach’s Images from childhood, op. 52

The purpose of this study is to provide a pedagogical and performance guide for Lera Auerbach’s Images from Childhood, Op. 52, a collection of twelve intermediate character pieces for the piano. This work, Auerbach’s homage to Schumann’s Kinderszenen, Op. 15, is her only intermediate-level work written for piano. The collection presents a valuable opportunity for the intermediate student to explore contemporary music, build pianistic skills applicable to a wide of range of styles, and develop artistry to play with expression. Lera Auerbach (b. 1973) is a Russian-American composer and pianist whose international career is multifaceted in music, literature and visual arts. The cosmopolitan artist was born in the city of Chelyabinsk in Russia and immigrated to the U.S. in 1991. The young composer has already published over one hundred compositions, including thirty-six chamber music works. Her output in other genres includes two operas, ten ballets, twelve symphonic works, over a dozen concerti, solos for various instruments, choral and vocal music, and transcriptions. Auerbach has received widespread positive reception. Her works have been championed by leading performers, conductors, and choreographers including Hilary Hahn, Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg, the Tokyo String Quartet, and Charles Dutoit. Auerbach has written thirteen solo works for piano from 1986 to the present. The first chapter consists of an introduction to Lera Auerbach and Images from Childhood. The second chapter includes Auerbach’s biography and an overview of her solo piano works. The third chapter contains a pedagogical and performance guide for all twelve pieces in the collection. The last chapter concludes with a summary and recommendations

Association between intraoperative end-tidal carbon dioxide and postoperative nausea and vomiting in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery

Gynecologic laparoscopic surgery has a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Studies suggest that low intraoperative end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO₂) is associated with an increased incidence of PONV, but the results have not been consistent among studies. This study investigated the association between intraoperative EtCO₂ and PONV in patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgeries under general anesthesia. This retrospective cohort study involved patients who underwent gynecologic laparoscopic surgeries under general anesthesia at Kyoto University Hospital. We defined low EtCO₂ as a mean EtCO₂ of < 35 mmHg. Multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis examined the association between low EtCO₂ and PONV during postoperative two days and the postoperative length of hospital stay (PLOS). Of the 739 patients, 120 (16%) had low EtCO₂, and 430 (58%) developed PONV during postoperative two days. There was no substantial association between low EtCO₂ and increased incidence of PONV (adjusted risk ratio: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–1.14; p = 0.658). Furthermore, there was no substantial association between low EtCO₂ and prolonged PLOS (adjusted difference in PLOS: 0.13; 95% CI − 1.00 to 1.28; p = 0.816). Intraoperative low EtCO₂, specifically a mean intraoperative EtCO₂ below 35 mmHg, was not substantially associated with either increased incidence of PONV or prolonged PLOS

GPOP: REPRESENTATION OF SUSTAINABILITY CONSIDERATIONS ON BUILDING PROJECTS

ABSTRACT Sustainable development has attracted much attention in recent years and has created an increasing awareness of environmental issues affecting construction projects. Stakeholders of sustainable building projects seek inspiration and benchmarks on existing sustainable buildings. However, the documentation of the sustainability considerations (SC) on building projects is inconsistent and usually focused on the design solution with little or no attention to the project requirements or process and organizational aspects of the design. The comparison of sustainable projects is therefore difficult due to the varied nature and extent of the documented sustainability considerations. We propose a systematic representation of the SC, which we call gPOP model, that facilitates the comparison of sustainable projects. We created gPOP models of twelve recognized green buildings which led to a list of the 36 most common sustainability considerations (MCSC). We show that our representation of the SC allows the comparison of sustainable projects and helps uncover insights that otherwise remained hidden in the free-form text-based narratives used for documenting the SC

Rate of red blood cell destruction varies in different strains of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei-ANKA after chronic exposure

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Severe malaria anaemia in the semi-immune individuals in the holo-endemic area has been observed to occur at low parasite density with individual variation in the responses. Thus the following has been thought to be involved: auto-immune-mediated mechanisms of uninfected red blood cell destruction, and host genetic factors to explain the differences in individual responses under the same malaria transmission. In this study, the extent of red blood cell (RBC) destruction in different strains of semi-immune mice model at relatively low parasitaemia was studied.</p> <p>Methodology</p> <p>To generate semi-immunity, four strains of mice were taken through several cycles of infection and treatment. By means of immunofluorescent assay and ELISA, sera were screened for anti-erythrocyte auto-antibodies, and their relationship with haematological parameters and parasitaemia in the strains of semi-immune mice was investigated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Upon challenge with <it>Plasmodium berghei </it>ANKA after generating semi-immune status, different mean percentage haemoglobin (Hb) drop was observed in the mice strains (Balb/c = 47.1%; NZW = 30.05%; C57BL/6 = 28.44%; CBA = 25.1%), which occurred on different days for each strain (for Balb/c, mean period = 13.6 days; for C57BL/6, NZW, and CBA mean period = 10.6, 10.8, 10.9 days respectively). Binding of antibody to white ghost RBCs was observed in sera of the four strains of semi-immune mice by immunofluorescence. Mean percentage Hb drop per parasitaemia was highest in Balb/c (73.6), followed by C57BL/6 (8.6), CBA (6.9) and NZW (4.0), p = 0.0005. Consequently, auto-antibodies level to ghost RBC were correlated with degree of anaemia and were highest in Balb/c, when compared with the other strains, p < 0.001.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results presented in this study seem to indicate that anti-RBC auto-antibodies may be involved in the destruction of uninfected RBC in semi-immune mice at relatively low parasite burden. Host genetic factors may also influence the outcome of auto-immune mediated destruction of RBC due to the variation in Hb loss per % parasitaemia and differences in antibody titer for each semi-immune mice strain. However, further studies at the molecular level ought to be carried out to confirm this.</p