Quantitative laser diffraction method for the assessment of protein subvisible particles

Shinichiro Totoki, Gaku Yamamoto, Kouhei Tsumoto, Susumu Uchiyama, Kiichi Fukui. Quantitative Laser Diffraction Method for the Assessment of Protein Subvisible Particles. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 104, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 618-626. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.24288

イチジクを侵す疫病菌 2 種の比較(農学部門)

筆者らがイチジク疫病の罹病果から分離した菌(P_1), 筆者らの研究室に保存するカンキツ褐色腐敗病菌(C_1)の両種と, カリフォルニヤ大学から分譲されたPhytophthora palmivora (P_2), P. citrophthora (C_2)の4種を供試して, 生理的, 形態的性質および病原性について比較研究を行なった。供試4種菌について, それぞれの発育適温, 発育最高限界温度, 培地上の菌の発育, 培地上の各器官形成, 遊走子のうおよび厚膜胞子の形態, イチジク果実および葉に対する病原性などについて実験観察した結果, ほとんどの場合においてP_1とP_2,C_1とC_2はそれぞれ非常によく類似しているが, PとCとは種々の点で異なっていることを明らかにすることができた。以上の結果からP_1は明らかにP. palmivoraと同定されるし, C_2はP. citrophthoraと確認された。さらにイチジク疫病の特長である果実の白粉状のかびは, P. palmivoraによって接種された場合にのみ観察され, P. citrophthoraによってはかかる病状は起ることがなかった。またイチジクに対する病原性はP. palmivoraの方がはるかに強く, P. citrophthoraの病原性はかなり弱い。したがって病名のイチジク疫病の病原菌に対してはP. palmivora Butlerを当てるのが正しいと考える。To identify the Phytophthora species, isolate P_1,causal fungus of the white powdery rot of fig fruit, three isolates (P_2,C_1 and C_2) were compared with P_1 for their morphological and physiological characters and pathogenicity to fig, Ficus carica L. The isolates P_2 and C_2 were sent to us from University of California, Riverside, and had been identified to be Phytophthora palmivora and P. citrophthora respectively. All the date shown in this paper indicate that the isolate P_1 is P. palmivora and C_1 is P. citrophthora. The isolates P_1 and P_2 differed from the isolates C_1 and C_2 in many respects, especially in the symptoms on fig fruits : P. palmivora caused white powdery rot and formed abundant zoosporangia on the lesion of the infected fruit, while P. citrophthora incited brown rot forming a little or no zoosporangia on the infected fruits. P. palmivora was much more virulent against fig fruits and leaves than P. citrophthora. The present result therefore does not support the notion that P. citrophthora is the causal fungus of the white rot of fig fruit, but clearly shows that P. palmivora is responsible for the white powdery rot. Nevertheless, P. citrophthora could also be a causal fungus of fig diseases. We express our sincere thanks to Professor G. A. Zentmyer of University of California for his generous supply of the isolates of Phytophthora

Dengue virus type 2 unresponsive to the current PCR primer; : construction of a new PCR primer to detect all strains of Dengue virus type 2.

We found that one strain of dengue virus (Trinidad 1751; TR) did not respond to the PCR primer for Jamaica/83. We investigated such property with other 10 strains of dengue virus type 2 and found 2 more unresponsive strains. All 3 strains were isolated from the central America. To detect the envelope gene of those 3 strains by PCR, we synthesized primers based on TR strain as the reference sequence. Using these primers, we could detect the 3 strains by PCR at the usual annealing temperature. We recommed the new primer for diagnosis of DEN 2

A novel underuse model shows that inactivity but not ovariectomy determines the deteriorated material properties and geometry of cortical bone in the tibia of adult rats

Our goal in this study was to determine to what extent the physiologic consequences of ovariectomy (OVX) in bones are exacerbated by a lack of daily activity such as walking. We forced 14-week-old female rats to be inactive for 15 weeks with a unique experimental system that prevents standing and walking while allowing other movements. Tibiae, femora, and 4th lumbar vertebrae were analyzed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), microfocused X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT), histology, histomorphometry, Raman spectroscopy, and the three-point bending test. Contrary to our expectation, the exacerbation was very much limited to the cancellous bone parameters. Parameters of femur and tibia cortical bone were affected by the forced inactivity but not by OVX: (1) cross-sectional moment of inertia was significantly smaller in Sham-Inactive rat bones than that of their walking counterparts; (2) the number of sclerostin-positive osteocytes per unit cross-sectional area was larger in Sham-Inactive rat bones than in Sham-Walking rat bones; and (3) material properties such as ultimate stress of inactive rat tibia was lower than that of their walking counterparts. Of note, the additive effect of inactivity and OVX was seen only in a few parameters, such as the cancellous bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae and the structural parameters of cancellous bone in the lumbar vertebrae/tibiae. It is concluded that the lack of daily activity is detrimental to the strength and quality of cortical bone in the femur and tibia of rats, while lack of estrogen is not. Our inactive rat model, with the older rats, will aid the study of postmenopausal osteoporosis, the etiology of which may be both hormonal and mechanical