Sub-kHz Clock Generation From Room Illumination on Standalone CMOS LSI Chips

This study proposes a sub-kHz clock generator by the room light illumination designed on-chip CMOS LSI chips. It generates a clock from a flicker in room light by receiving on-chip integrated photovoltaic cell, and extracts by low-pass filters, a comparator, Schmidt trigger and D-flip-flop to shape to digital signal. The system implements two photovoltaic cells of a large cell for power generation and a small cell for photo-detection that enables standalone operations. The system was designed on 0.18 $\mu$m standard CMOS process, and both the simulation and experimental results validated the operation. By adding D-flip-flops at the output enables to modify the clock to $1/n$ values that expands the applications

Circuits and devices for standalone large-scale integration (LSI) chips and Internet of Things (IoT) applications: a review

ABSTRACT: In recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) has become more and more important owing to the rapid expansion of the number of computing devices and data sizes. The evolution of IoT requires low-power and self-operating devices to expand the coverage area of computing resources. The main components of IoT are the large-scale integration (LSI) chips, which take the function of implementing the energy harvesters, control units and applications. They exhibit different physics or phenomena, making it difficult to understand and design the entire system. The current work reviews the various methods for IoT applications by CMOS LSI chips, from the power components by energy harvesting to realistic applications with future outlooks

Pars plana Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation with triamcinolone-assisted vitrectomy in refractory glaucomas

Glaucoma drainage devices are an option in refractory glaucomas for control of intraocular pressure (IOP). We evaluated the outcome of pars plana Ahmed glaucoma valve along with triamcinolone-assisted vitrectomy in 11 eyes with uncontrolled IOP on maximum tolerable antiglaucoma therapy. The mean preoperative IOP of 33.64 ± 5.99 (range 26 to 44 mmHg) decreased to 17.09 ± 2.26 (range 14 to 20 mmHg) and 17.45 ± 1.81mm of Hg (range 14 to 24 mmHg) at 6 and 12 months following surgery. The mean number of antiglaucoma medications decreased from 3.27 ± 0.05 to 0.64 ± 0.67 and 0.55 ± 0.6 at 6 and 12 months following surgery

Wider Retinal Artery Trajectories in Eyes with Macular Hole Than in Fellow Eyes of Patients with Unilateral Idiopathic Macular Hole

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>To determine whether the width of the retinal artery (RA) trajectory was associated with the presence of a macular hole (MH).</p><p>Methods</p><p>A retrospective cross sectional case-control study was performed. The fundus photographs were rotated 90 degrees, and the coordinates of the best fit curve of the RA trajectory were determined automatically based on these plots using the ImageJ program. The converted coordinates were fit to a second degree polynomial (ax²/100 + bx + c) equation. The width and steepness of the RA trajectory, “a”, of the eyes with a MH eye were compared to that of the fellow eyes.</p><p>Results</p><p>One hundred and ten eyes of 55 consecutive patients (30 women) with a unilateral MH and healthy fellow eyes were analyzed. The mean age was 64.9 years (range 47-81 years). The constant ‘a’ was significantly smaller in eyes with a MH than that of the fellow eyes (0.379 ± 0.094 vs 0.416 ± 0.121, <i>P</i> = 0.001, paired <i>t</i> test), indicating that the RA trajectory was wider in the MH eyes than in the fellow eyes. There was a significant correlation between the axial length and ‘a’ of the RA trajectory in the MH eyes (R = 0.273, <i>P</i> = 0.044) and in the fellow eyes (R = 0.356, <i>P</i> = 0.008; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Because eyes with a MH have a significantly wider and flatter RA trajectory, there may be greater traction on the fovea which is located between the RA arches. The causative role of this finding is still unclear.</p></div