15,597 research outputs found
Regularized Renormalization Group Reduction of Symplectic Map
By means of the perturbative renormalization group method, we study a
long-time behaviour of some symplectic discrete maps near elliptic and
hyperbolic fixed points. It is shown that a naive renormalization group (RG)
map breaks the symplectic symmetry and fails to describe a long-time behaviour.
In order to preserve the symplectic symmetry, we present a regularization
procedure, which gives a regularized symplectic RG map describing an
approximate long-time behaviour succesfully
Geometric Approach to Lyapunov Analysis in Hamiltonian Dynamics
As is widely recognized in Lyapunov analysis, linearized Hamilton's equations
of motion have two marginal directions for which the Lyapunov exponents vanish.
Those directions are the tangent one to a Hamiltonian flow and the gradient one
of the Hamiltonian function. To separate out these two directions and to apply
Lyapunov analysis effectively in directions for which Lyapunov exponents are
not trivial, a geometric method is proposed for natural Hamiltonian systems, in
particular. In this geometric method, Hamiltonian flows of a natural
Hamiltonian system are regarded as geodesic flows on the cotangent bundle of a
Riemannian manifold with a suitable metric. Stability/instability of the
geodesic flows is then analyzed by linearized equations of motion which are
related to the Jacobi equations on the Riemannian manifold. On some geometric
setting on the cotangent bundle, it is shown that along a geodesic flow in
question, there exist Lyapunov vectors such that two of them are in the two
marginal directions and the others orthogonal to the marginal directions. It is
also pointed out that Lyapunov vectors with such properties can not be obtained
in general by the usual method which uses linearized Hamilton's equations of
motion. Furthermore, it is observed from numerical calculation for a model
system that Lyapunov exponents calculated in both methods, geometric and usual,
coincide with each other, independently of the choice of the methods.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, REVTeX
Photon Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices
The Particle Data Group gives an upper bound on the photon mass eV from a laboratory experiment and lists, but does not adopt, an
astronomical bound eV, both of which are based on the
plausible assumption of large galactic vector-potential. We argue that the
interpretations of these experiments should be changed, which alters
significantly the bounds on . If arises from a Higgs effect, both limits
are invalid because the Proca vector-potential of the galactic magnetic field
may be neutralized by vortices giving a large-scale magnetic field that is
effectively Maxwellian. In this regime, experiments sensitive to the Proca
potential do not yield a useful bound on . As a by-product, the non-zero
photon mass from Higgs effect predicts generation of a primordial magnetic
field in the early universe. If, on the other hand, the galactic magnetic field
is in the Proca regime, the very existence of the observed large-scale magnetic
field gives kpc, or eV.Comment: 9 pages, discussion of primordial magnetic field adde
Energy Storage in a Hamiltonian System in Partial Contact with a Heat Bath
To understand the mechanism allowing for the long-term storage of excess
energy in proteins, we study a Hamiltonian system consisting of several coupled
pendula in partial contact with a heat bath. It is found that energy storage is
possible when the motion of each pendulum switches between oscillatory
(vibrational) and rotational (phase-slip) modes. The storage time increases
almost exponentially to the square root of the injected energy. The relevance
of our mechanism to protein motors is discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, to appear in J.Phys.Soc.Jp
Failure processes of cemented granular materials
The mechanics of cohesive or cemented granular materials is complex, combining the heterogeneous responses of granular media, like force chains, with clearly defined material properties. Here, we use a discrete element model (DEM) simulation, consisting of an assemblage of elastic particles connected by softer but breakable elastic bonds, to explore how this class of material deforms and fails under uniaxial compression. We are particularly interested in the connection between the microscopic interactions among the grains or particles and the macroscopic material response. To this end, the properties of the particles and the stiffness of the bonds are matched to experimental measurements of a cohesive granular media with tunable elasticity. The criterion for breaking a bond is also based on an explicit Griffith energy balance, with realistic surface energies. By varying the initial volume fraction of the particle assembles we show that this simple model reproduces a wide range of experimental behaviors, both in the elastic limit and beyond it. These include quantitative details of the distinct failure modes of shear-banding, ductile failure and compaction banding or anti-cracks, as well as the transitions between these modes. The present work, therefore, provides a unified framework for understanding the failure of porous materials such as sandstone, marble, powder aggregates, snow and foam
Symmetry of high-piezoelectric Pb-based complex perovskites at the morphotropic phase boundary II. Theoretical treatment
The structural characteristics of the perovskite- based ferroelectric
Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-9%PbTiO3 at the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region
(x≃0.09) have been analyzed. The analysis is based on the symmetry
adapted free energy functions under the assumption that the total polarization
and the unit cell volume are conserved during the transformations between
various morphotropic phases. Overall features of the relationships between the
observed lattice constants at various conditions have been consistently
explained. The origin of the anomalous physical properties at MPB is discussed
Quantum Algorithm for Molecular Properties and Geometry Optimization
It is known that quantum computers, if available, would allow an exponential
decrease in the computational cost of quantum simulations. We extend this
result to show that the computation of molecular properties (energy
derivatives) could also be sped up using quantum computers. We provide a
quantum algorithm for the numerical evaluation of molecular properties, whose
time cost is a constant multiple of the time needed to compute the molecular
energy, regardless of the size of the system. Molecular properties computed
with the proposed approach could also be used for the optimization of molecular
geometries or other properties. For that purpose, we discuss the benefits of
quantum techniques for Newton's method and Householder methods. Finally, global
minima for the proposed optimizations can be found using the quantum basin
hopper algorithm, which offers an additional quadratic reduction in cost over
classical multi-start techniques.Comment: 6 page
Non-local Control of the Kondo Effect in a Double Quantum Dot-Quantum Wire Coupled System
We have performed low-temperature transport measurements on a double quantum
dot-quantum wire coupled device and demonstrated non-local control of the Kondo
effect in one dot by manipulating the electronic spin states of the other. We
discuss the modulation of the local density of states in the wire region due to
the Fano-Kondo antiresonance, and the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY)
exchange interaction as the mechanisms responsible for the observed features.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Basaltic Clasts in Y-86032 Feldspathic Lunar Meteorite: Ancient Volcanism far from the Procellarum Kreep Terrane
Lunar meteorite, Y-86032 is a fragmental or regolith breccia enriched in Al2O3 (28-31 wt%) and having very low concentrations of REEs and Th, U [e.g., 1]. Nyquist et al. [2] suggested that Y- 86032 contains a variety of lithologies not represented by the Apollo samples. They found clasts with old Ar-Ar ages and an ancient Sm-Nd age, and negative Nd indicating a direct link to the primordial magma ocean. Importantly, the final lithification of the Y-86032 breccia was likely >3.8-4.1 Ga ago. Therefore, any lithic components in the breccia formed prior to 3.8 Ga, and lithic components in breccia clasts in the parent breccia formed even earlier. Here we report textures and mineralogy of basaltic and gabbroic clasts in Y- 86032 to better understand the nature of ancient lunar volcanism far from the Procellarum KREEP Terrain (PKT) [3] and the central nearside
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