Lattice monopole action in pure SU(3) QCD

We obtain an almost perfect monopole action numerically after abelian projection in pure SU(3) lattice QCD. Performing block-spin transformations on the dual lattice, the action fixed depends only on a physical scale b. Monopole condensation occurs for large b region. The numerical results show that two-point monopole interactions are dominant for large b. We next perform the block-spin transformation analytically in a simplified case of two-point monopole interactions with a Wilson loop on the fine lattice. The perfect operator evaluating the static quark potential on the coarse b-lattice are derived. The monopole partition function can be transformed into that of the string model. The static potential and the string tension are estimated in the string model framework. The rotational invariance of the static potential is recovered, but the string tension is a little larger than the physical one.Comment: 21pages,4figures,to be published in JHE

Long wavelength local density of states oscillations near graphene step edges

Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we have studied the local density of states (LDOS) of graphene over step edges in boron nitride. Long wavelength oscillations in the LDOS are observed with maxima parallel to the step edge. Their wavelength and amplitude are controlled by the energy of the quasiparticles allowing a direct probe of the graphene dispersion relation. We also observe a faster decay of the LDOS oscillations away from the step edge than in conventional metals. This is due to the chiral nature of the Dirac fermions in graphene.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Near- to mid-infrared spectroscopy of the heavily obscured AGN LEDA 1712304 with AKARI/IRC

Context. Although heavily obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been found by many observational studies, the properties of the surrounding dust are poorly understood. Using AKARI/IRC spectroscopy, we discover a new sample of a heavily obscured AGN in LEDA 1712304 which shows a deep spectral absorption feature due to silicate dust. Aims. We study the infrared (IR) spectral properties of circumnuclear silicate dust in LEDA 1712304. Methods. We perform IR spectral fitting, considering silicate dust properties such as composition, porosity, size and crystallinity. Spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting is also performed to the flux densities in the UV to sub-millimeter range to investigate the global spectral properties. Results. The best-fit model indicates 0.1 $\mu$m-sized porous amorphous olivine (${\rm Mg_{2x}Fe_{2-2x}SiO_4}$; $x=0.4$) with $4\%$ crystalline pyroxene. The optical depth is $\tau_{\rm sil}{\sim}2.3$, while the total IR luminosity and stellar mass are estimated to be $L_{\rm IR}=(5\pm1){\times}10^{10}\,L_{\odot}$ and $M_{\rm star}=(2.7\pm0.8){\times}10^{9}\,M_{\odot}$, respectively. In such low $L_{\rm IR}$ and $M_{\rm star}$ ranges, there are few galaxies which show that large ${\tau}_{\rm sil}$. Conclusions. The silicate dust in the AGN torus of LEDA 1712304 has properties notably similar to those in other AGNs as a whole, but slightly different in the wing shape of the absorption profile. The porosity of the silicate dust suggests dust coagulation or processing in the circumnuclear environments, while the crystallinity suggests that the silicate dust is relatively fresh.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&

An investigation of children's peer trust across culture: is the composition of peer trust universal?

The components of children's trust in same-gender peers (trust beliefs, ascribed trustworthiness, and dyadic reciprocal trust) were examined in samples of 8- to 11-year-olds from the UK, Italy, and Japan. Trust was assessed by children's ratings of the extent to which same-gender classmates kept promises and kept secrets. Social relations analyses confirmed that children from each country showed significant: (a) actor variance demonstrating reliable individual differences in trust beliefs, (b) partner variance demonstrating reliable individual differences in ascribed trustworthiness, and (c ) relationship variance demonstrating unique relationships between interaction partners. Cultural differences in trust beliefs and ascribed trustworthiness also emerged and these differences were attributed to the tendency for children from cultures that value societal goals to share personal information with the peer group