Effect of ripening period on composition of pepino (Solanum muricatum) fruit grown in Turkey

Pepino is a new crop for Turkey. Raw and mature pepino fruits which were grown in greenhouse in Antalya, Mediterranean region of Turkey, were used for compositional analysis. Moisture, protein, ash, oil, sugar, NDF (Neutral detergent fiber) and ADF (Acid detergent fiber) analysis were done at two stages. Moisture was determined as the main component of the fruit by 93.80 and 91.45% for raw and mature fruit respectively. Pepino fruits have fewer amounts of protein, ash and oil at two stages of raw and mature fruits (0.93, 0.78, 0.46, 0.47, 0.05 and 0.09%, respectively). Sugar is the main component of dry matter especially in mature fruit (7.03%). Also, free sugar contents were determined. The contents of glucose and fructose declined during ripening, whereas sucrose showed an increase in concentration as ripening progressed

Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of three flowable compomers on enamel of primary teeth: An in-vitro study

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine Shear bond strength (SBS) of different flowable compomers on the enamel surface of primary teeth. The null hypothesis to be tested was that none of the flowable compomer would differ significantly from the other two with respect to SBS. As a result, the tested materials that have the easiest application on child patient is preferred. Material and Methods: Sixty newly extracted non carious primary molars were selected. The buccal surface was cleaned and polished to obtain a flat enamel surface. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups of 20 teeth each, based on the flowable compomers applied, as follows: group I: Dyract Flow® (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany); group II: Twinky Star Flow® (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany); and group III: R&D Series Nova Compomer Flow® (Imicryl, Konya, Turkey). Results: SBS in group II (6.78± 0.45 MPa) were significantly lower than groups I and III (8.30 ± 0.29 and 8.43 ± 0.66 MPa, respectively) (P<.001). No significant difference was found between groups I and III (P<.05). Conclusions: Significant differences existed between the SBS of the groups. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. Flowable compomers can provide adequate SBS with self-etching system at restoration of primary teeth. Thus, successful restorations in pediatric patients can be done in a practical way. © Medicina Oral S.L

Ubiquitin-based probes prepared by total synthesis to profile the activity of deubiquitinating enzymes

Epitope-tagged active-site-directed probes are widely used to visualize the activity of deubiquitinases (DUBs) in cell extracts, to investigate the specificity and potency of small-molecule DUB inhibitors, and to isolate and identify DUBs by mass spectrometry. With DUBs arising as novel potential drug targets, probes are required that can be produced in sufficient amounts and to meet the specific needs of a given experiment. The established method for the generation of DUB probes makes use of labor-intensive intein-based methods that have inherent limitations concerning the incorporation of unnatural amino acids and the amount of material that can be obtained. Here, we describe the total chemical synthesis of active-site-directed probes and their application to activity-based profiling and identification of functional DUBs. This synthetic methodology allowed the easy incorporation of desired tags for specific applications, for example, fluorescent reporters, handles for immunoprecipitation or affinity pull-down, and cleavable linkers. Additionally, the synthetic method can be scaled up to provide significant amounts of probe. Fluorescent ubiquitin probes allowed faster, in-gel detection of active DUBs, as compared to (immuno)blotting procedures. A biotinylated probe holding a photocleavable linker enabled the affinity pull-down and subsequent mild, photorelease of DUBs. Also, DUB activity levels were monitored in response to overexpression or knockdown, and to inhibition by small molecules. Furthermore, fluorescent probes revealed differential DUB activity profiles in a panel of lung and prostate cancer cells

Bilateral Asymmetry in Asterisci Otoliths of Cyprinion kais and C. macrostomum (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) collected from Tigris River, Şirnak Region, Türkiye

Otolith traits such as size and mass were investigated in 60 fish specimens of C. kais and C. macrostomum collected from the Tigris River, Şırnak region, Türkiye collected from September 2015 to December 2015. The purpose of this work was to determine the asymmetry level in the otolith length (OL), otolith width (OW), and otolith mass (OM). OL's rate of asymmetry was greater than OW’s and OM's. The asymmetry in the three otolith traits rose with the fish length. The plausible reason for asymmetry in the otolith features explored has been considered relative to the inconsistency of growth triggered by ecological influence associated with the inconsistency in water temperature, salinity, depth, and contaminants occurring in the Tigris River System

Corrigendum to "European contribution to the study of ROS:A summary of the findings and prospects for the future from the COST action BM1203 (EU-ROS)" [Redox Biol. 13 (2017) 94-162]

The European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) provides an ideal framework to establish multi-disciplinary research networks. COST Action BM1203 (EU-ROS) represents a consortium of researchers from different disciplines who are dedicated to providing new insights and tools for better understanding redox biology and medicine and, in the long run, to finding new therapeutic strategies to target dysregulated redox processes in various diseases. This report highlights the major achievements of EU-ROS as well as research updates and new perspectives arising from its members. The EU-ROS consortium comprised more than 140 active members who worked together for four years on the topics briefly described below. The formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is an established hallmark of our aerobic environment and metabolism but RONS also act as messengers via redox regulation of essential cellular processes. The fact that many diseases have been found to be associated with oxidative stress established the theory of oxidative stress as a trigger of diseases that can be corrected by antioxidant therapy. However, while experimental studies support this thesis, clinical studies still generate controversial results, due to complex pathophysiology of oxidative stress in humans. For future improvement of antioxidant therapy and better understanding of redox-associated disease progression detailed knowledge on the sources and targets of RONS formation and discrimination of their detrimental or beneficial roles is required. In order to advance this important area of biology and medicine, highly synergistic approaches combining a variety of diverse and contrasting disciplines are needed