1,969 research outputs found
THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF INCREASING THE IRISH CARBON TAX. ESRI RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 79 OCTOBER 2018
This study investigates the economic and environmental impacts of increasing the
current carbon tax in Ireland from C20 per tonne of CO2 to C25, C30, C35 and C40. For
this purpose, an Energy Social Accounting Matrix (ESAM) is developed for Ireland with
33 activities, 39 commodities, and ten household groups based on disposable income.
The ESAM reproduces the structure of the Irish economy including production sectors,
households and the government and quantifies the nature of all existing economic
transactions among the diverse economic agents. Furthermore, the ESAM includes the
flows of energy and emissions, creating a framework that can examine how money as
well as energy and emissions flows between production sectors, households and the
government. In this way the carbon content of different products and different
households’ consumption is estimated.
The current carbon tax in Ireland stands at C20 per tonne of carbon and is levied to
incentivise households and producers to reduce their use of carbon-intensive goods. The
carbon tax is relatively low, however, and constitutes just 1.9 per cent of total taxes
levied on commodities in Ireland. Carbon tax accounts for only 7.6 per cent of total
excise duties levied on petrol and 14 per cent of all excise duties on diesel.
Our results reveal that increases in the carbon tax affect the prices of diesel and petrol
the most. A C5 increase will increase the prices of carbon commodities by on average 0.8
per cent, and a doubling of the carbon tax to C40 per tonne of CO2 will increase the
prices of carbon commodities by on average 3.4 per cent. The diesel price is expected
to increase the most due to an increase in the carbon tax, whereby a C25 tax would
result in a 1.7 per cent increase in diesel prices. A C40 tax would result in a 7 per cent
increase in diesel prices. Putting this into context, it can be noted that in 2018 alone
consumers have faced much greater fluctuations in diesel prices. Consumers are
accustomed to relatively large fluctuations in fuel prices and may not react to increases
in prices, assuming prices will fall again. This makes it extremely important to
communicate a clear commitment to an increasing carbon tax by the government
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION OF I3E MODEL VERSION 2. ESRI SURVEY AND STATISTICAL REPORT SERIES NUMBER 77 September 2019
This paper provides a technical description of the Ireland Environment, Energy and Economy (I3E)
model. The I3E model is an intertemporal computable general equilibrium model with multiple firms,
one representative household group, multiple commodities, government, enterprises, and rest of the world
accounts. It describes the Irish economy in sectoral detail. This model includes a detailed description of
energy inputs and concomitant greenhouse gas emissions and has been developed with the purpose of
investigating the economic and environmental impacts of climate policies for Ireland
Orthogonal Projections Based on Hyperbolic and Spherical n-Simplex
In this paper, orthogonal projection along a geodesic to the chosen k-plane
is introduced using edge and Gram matrix of an n-simplex in hyperbolic or
spherical n-space. The distance from a point to k-plane is obtained by the
orthogonal projection. It is also given the perpendicular foots from a point to
k-plane of hyperbolic and spherical n-space.Comment: 13 page
Marginally low mass ratio close binary system V1191 Cyg
In this study, we present photometric and spectroscopic variations of the
extremely small mass ratio () late-type contact binary system
\astrobj{V1191 Cyg}. The parameters for the hot and cooler companions have been
determined as = 0.13 (1) , = 1.29 (8)
, = 0.52 (15) , = 1.31 (18)
, = 0.46 (25) , = 2.71 (80)
, the separation of the components is = 2.20(8) and
the distance of the system is estimated as 278(31) pc. Analyses of the times of
minima indicates a period increase of
days/yr that reveals a very high mass transfer rate of
/yr from the less massive
component to the more massive one. New observations show that the depths of the
minima of the light curve have been interchanged.Comment: Accepted for publication in New Astronomy, 16 pages, 2 figures, 4
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