Charge ordering and interlayer phase coherence in quantum Hall superlattices

The possibility of the existence of states with a spontaneous interlayer phase coherence in multilayer electron systems in a high perpendicular to the layers magnetic field is investigated. It is shown that phase coherence can be established in such systems only within individual pairs of adjacent layers, while such coherence does not exist between layers of different pairs. The conditions for stability of the state with interlayer phase coherence against transition to a charge-ordered state are determined. It is shown that in the system with the number of layers N\leq 10 these conditions are satisfied at any value of the interlayer distance d. For N>10 there are two intervals of stability: at sufficiently large and at sufficiently small d. For N\to \infty the stability interval in the region of small d vanishesComment: 10 page

Wavelet Methods in Steganography

This paper is devoted to graphic information protection by means of computer steganography using wavelet techniques. The methods of the image processing using digital watermarking are classified. Some research of the structure of the digital image is investigated. In the first solution the steganographic system, which usesa discrete wavelet transform for embedding of grayscale watermark into wavelet coefficients of grayscale container is mоdeled and realized. Stego image is achieved by the inverse discrete wavelet transform. Binarization using halftoning algorithm is considered as a kind of powerful attack to stego image. After binarization attack the extracted watermark was found to have acceptable visual quality. The degradation ofthe embedded digital watermark after binarization is estimated using human visual system. Corresponding conclusions on steganographic system stability are drawn. In the second solution we propose the steganographic scheme which uses the proposed wavelet basis images

Tax policy impact on shadow economy

The article examines the relationship between tax policy and the shadow economy. The tax burden was chosen as a tax policy indicator; the shadow economy is assessed using the Rosstat methodology. When comparing the tax burden in the country as a whole and the shadow economy volumes, a decrease in the shadow economy indicators was noted with a relatively high tax burden. When comparing the shadow economy and the tax burden by economic activity types, an insignificant relationship between the studied indicators was revealed, however, in some sectors of the economy, a feedback was noted. The introduction of a tax on professional income has led to an increase in the number of self-employed. However, the share of the self-employed in the number of those employed in the informal sector in the Volga Federal District showed a high heterogeneity across regions. The conclusion was drawn about the influence of many factors on the shadow economy, as a result of which the use of only fiscal policy instruments to reduce the shadow sector seems insufficient

About some lexical-semantic and structural-syntactic peculiarities of English scientific medical articles

This work concerns the problem of English scientific medical articles which present a separate trend, known for its peculiar lexical cast and structural-syntactic, compositional features. The abundance of special terminological nominations, high preciseness, strict logical order, clarity of material exposition and data presenting, large use of different type discourse-text ‘transitions’ for structural-semantic and lexical-syntactic organizing are most significant features of special scientific texts. All this approves for medical scientific discourse specific character, claiming for a large variety of its concepts in American and European linguistics, which, in its turn, provokes problems in treating basic multi-level language units. Thus, one can state a high actuality of regarding poly-functional text-forming elements in a multi-aspect, complex way. Just for this reason scientific texts lexical-semantic-syntactic peculiarities studying has become the objective of our research. The results of complex structural-compositional, lexical-semantic, syntactic-stylistic analysis fulfilled in the frame of given work give full grounds to state a certain specificity of multi-level organizing, structuring, lexical-terminological filling of poly-thematic scientific medical articles taken from original English-language sources

Dicyclopentadiene Polymerization in Solutions under the Action of Various Catalytic Systems

The kinetics of dicyclopentadiene polymerization in toluene solution under the action of different catalytic systems through adiabatic thermometry was investigated. Unlike cationic metathesis polymerization has a sufficiently large induction period associated with low speed by implantation monomer on carbine bond of catalyst. It has been shown that the rate of metathesis polymerization of dicyclopentadiene in comparable circumstances is about three times lower than the rate of cationic polymerization of the same monomer

Dicyclopentadiene Polymerization in Solutions under the Action of Various Catalytic Systems

The kinetics of dicyclopentadiene polymerization in toluene solution under the action of different catalytic systems through adiabatic thermometry was investigated. Unlike cationic metathesis polymerization has a sufficiently large induction period associated with low speed by implantation monomer on carbine bond of catalyst. It has been shown that the rate of metathesis polymerization of dicyclopentadiene in comparable circumstances is about three times lower than the rate of cationic polymerization of the same monomer