Coupling of nuclear wavepacket motion and charge separation in bacterial reaction centers

AbstractThe mechanism of the charge separation and stabilization of separated charges was studied using the femtosecond absorption spectroscopy. It was found that nuclear wavepacket motions on potential energy surface of the excited state of the primary electron donor P* leads to a coherent formation of the charge separated states P+BA−, P+HA− and P+HB− (where BA, HB and HA are the primary and secondary electron acceptors, respectively) in native, pheophytin-modified and mutant reaction centers (RCs) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26 and in Chloroflexus aurantiacus RCs. The processes were studied by measurements of coherent oscillations in kinetics at 890 and 935 nm (the stimulated emission bands of P*), at 800 nm (the absorption band of BA) and at 1020 nm (the absorption band of BA−) as well as at 760 nm (the absorption band of HA) and at 750 nm (the absorption band of HB). It was found that wavepacket motion on the 130–150 cm−1 potential surface of P* is accompanied by approaches to the intercrossing region between P* and P+BA− surfaces at 120 and 380 fs delays emitting light at 935 nm (P*) and absorbing light at 1020 nm (P+BA−). In the presence of Tyr M210 (Rb. sphaeroides) or M195 (C. aurantiacus) the stabilization of P+BA− is observed within a few picosseconds in contrast to YM210W. At even earlier delay (∼40 fs) the emission at 895 nm and bleaching at 748 nm are observed in C. aurantiacus RCs showing the wavepacket approach to the intercrossing between the P* and P+HB− surfaces at that time. The 32 cm−1 rotation mode of HOH was found to modulate the electron transfer rate probably due to including of this molecule in polar chain connecting PB and BA and participating in the charge separation. The mechanism of the charge separation and stabilization of separated charges is discussed in terms of the role of nuclear motions, of polar groups connecting P and acceptors and of proton of OH group of TyrM210

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ ТРАВМЫ ЧЕРЕПА И ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА

The paper presents main types of surgically relevant posttraumatic lesions in 4136 patients with skull vault as well as skull base defects, craniofacial deformities, recurrent CSF leaks, arterio-venous fistulas, aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms etc. Classification of TBI sequelae and complications as well as its clinical course grading is presented. The use of modern neuroimaging techniques for studying pathophysiologic mechanisms and complications of TBI has been demonstrated. Special emphasis was given to minimally invasive and reconstructive surgery; computer modeling with subsequent full-copy stereolitographic laser implant setup was shown which is of great importance in cases of large and complex skull base and craniofacial deformities. Patient selection for transcranial and endonasal CSF leak closure techniques was justified. Treatment of post-traumatic vascular injuries using Serbinenko balloon-catheters as well as modern techniques such as stents, coils and embolization has been demonstrated.  В сообщении (созданном по материалам доклада, представленного на Сессии общего собрания РАМН, Санкт-Петербург, 14−15 июня 2012 г.) представлены основные хирургически значимые формы посттравматической патологии у 4136 пациентов с дефектами и деформациями костей свода, основания черепа и лицевого скелета, рецидивирующей ликвореей, артериосинусными соустьями, истинными и ложными аневризмами и др. Разработана классификация последствий и осложнений черепно-мозговой травмы, а также периодизация ее клинического течения. Раскрыты возможности современных нейровизуализационных технологий распознавания и исследования патогенеза последствий и осложнений черепно-мозговой травмы. Особое внимание уделено реконструктивной и минимально инвазивной хирургии, детально описан метод компьютерного моделирования и последующего стереолитографического лазерного воспроизведения полномасштабных копий черепа, его дефектов и имплантатов,  что особенно значимо при обширных и сложных краниобазальных и краниофациальных повреждениях. Обосновано дифференцированное применение интракраниальных и эндоназальных доступов для закрытия хронических ликворных фистул. Вместе с впервые созданной в НИИ нейрохирургии им. Н.Н. Бурденко методикой эндоваскулярной реконструкции магистральных сосудов с помощью баллонов-катетеров Ф.А. Сербиненко представлены новые подходы, опирающиеся на современные технологии с использованием стентов, микроспиралей и эмболизирующих композиций.

Application of the Institution of Exclusive Rights in the Field of Science

The problem of legal protection of scientific research results is of growing interest nowadays. However, none of the three hitherto existing rights (the right for trade secrets, patent and copyright) is able to fully take into account the characteristics of scientific activities. In Russia, the problem of legal protection of scientific research results has been developed actively since the 50-ies of the last century, in connection with the introduction of the system of state registration of scientific discoveries. A further concept allowed for not only the registration of discoveries, but also the entire array of scientific results. However, theoretical applicability of exclusive rights institutions in the sphere of science remained unstudied. The article describes a new system, which is not fixed in legislation and remains unnoticed by the vast majority of researchers. That is the institution of scientific and positional rights, focused on the recognition procedure of authorship, priority, and other characteristics of intellectual scientific results value. In case of complex intellectual results, comprising scientific results, the recognition of result-oriented exclusive rights proves to be unsustainable. This circumstance urges us to foreground the institution of scientific and positional exclusive rights. Its scope is budget science where non-fee published scientific results are generated. Any exclusive right to use open scientific results is out of the question. The sphere of open (budget) science is dominated by scientific and positional exclusive rights, sanctioned both by the state (S-sanctioned), the bodies of the scientific community (BSC-sanctioned) and scientific community (SC-sanctioned) rights

In Situ Spectral Magnetoellipsometry for Structural, Magnetic and Optical Properties of Me/Si (Me Mn, Fe) Nanolayers

In our work we present in-situ spectral magnetoellipsometer is equipped with sapphire manipulator. which allows us to carry out in-situ and in-time optical and magnetooptical measurements in the range from 10 K to 1500 K in spectral range 1.5 eV-4.0 eV (830 nm-300 nm), the range of magnetic fields is +/-0.4 T. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3555

Hybrid Stars in a Strong Magnetic Field

We study the effects of high magnetic fields on the particle population and equation of state of hybrid stars using an extended hadronic and quark SU(3) non-linear realization of the sigma model. In this model the degrees of freedom change naturally from hadrons to quarks as the density and/or temperature increases. The effects of high magnetic fields and anomalous magnetic moment are visible in the macroscopic properties of the star, such as mass, adiabatic index, moment of inertia, and cooling curves. Moreover, at the same time that the magnetic fields become high enough to modify those properties, they make the star anisotropic.Comment: Revised version with updated reference

Calculations of binding energies and masses of heavy quarkonia using renormalon cancellation

We use various methods of Borel integration to calculate the binding ground energies and masses of b-bbar and t-tbar quarkonia. The methods take into account the leading infrared renormalon structure of the hard+soft part of the binding energies E(s), and of the corresponding quark pole masses m_q, where the contributions of these singularities in M(s) = 2 m_q + E(s) cancel. Beforehand, we carry out the separation of the binding energy into its hard+soft and ultrasoft parts. The resummation formalisms are applied to expansions of m_q and E(s) in terms of quantities which do not involve renormalon ambiguity, such as MSbar quark mass, and alpha_s. The renormalization scales are different in calculations of m_q, E(s) and E(us). The MSbar mass of b quark is extracted, and the binding energies of t-tbar and the peak (resonance) energies for (t+tbar) production are obtained.Comment: 23 pages, 8 double figures, revtex4; the version to appear in Phys.Rev.D; extended discussion between Eqs.(25) and (26); the paragraph between Eqs.(32) and (33) is new and explains the numerical dependence of the residue parameter on the factorization scale; several new references were added; acknowledgments were modified; the numerical results are unchange

Baikal-GVD

We present the status of the Gigaton Volume Detector in Lake Baikal (Baikal-GVD) designed for the detection of high energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin. The telescope consists of functionally independent clusters, sub-arrays of optical modules (OMs), which are connected to shore by individual electro-optical cables. During 2015 the GVD demonstration cluster, comprising 192 OMs, has been successfully operated in Lake Baikal. In 2016 this array was upgraded to baseline configuration of GVD cluster with 288 OMs arranged on eight vertical strings. Thus the instrumented water volume has been increased up to about 5.9 Mtons. The array was commissioned in early April 2016 and takes data since then. We describe the configuration and design of the 2016 array. Preliminary results obtained with data recorded in 2015 are also discussed

Galaxy bulges and their massive black holes: a review

With references to both key and oft-forgotten pioneering works, this article starts by presenting a review into how we came to believe in the existence of massive black holes at the centres of galaxies. It then presents the historical development of the near-linear (black hole)-(host spheroid) mass relation, before explaining why this has recently been dramatically revised. Past disagreement over the slope of the (black hole)-(velocity dispersion) relation is also explained, and the discovery of sub-structure within the (black hole)-(velocity dispersion) diagram is discussed. As the search for the fundamental connection between massive black holes and their host galaxies continues, the competing array of additional black hole mass scaling relations for samples of predominantly inactive galaxies are presented.Comment: Invited (15 Feb. 2014) review article (submitted 16 Nov. 2014). 590 references, 9 figures, 25 pages in emulateApJ format. To appear in "Galactic Bulges", E. Laurikainen, R.F. Peletier, and D.A. Gadotti (eds.), Springer Publishin

Strength of Frame Elements of Energy Objects Under Atmospheric Impact

The paper considers the issues of strength of energy facilities’ load-bearing metal structures under the influence of acoustic waves produced by a lightning strike. The studies were carried out using finite element test models of cantilever beams of various designs. The beams are loaded with the total load of the beams’ own weight and the shock wave produced by a lightning strike from a distance of 1 m from the beams’ surface. Calculation results substantiate the necessity to consider the impact of thunder when calculating the structure of energy facilities made of sheet metal. It was revealed that deformations and loads in sheet metal structural elements at the time of a lightning strike from a distance of less than 1 m from the structure’s surface may exceed the acceptable values for the yield strength of structural steels. As a result of the work, recommendations were made on the location of the lightning rods and the need to reduce the operational loads during a thunderstorm

О ВЫБОРЕ СТЕПЕНИ ИЗМЕЛЬЧЕНИЯ СЕТКИ ПРИ РАСЧЕТАХ ТРЕХМЕРНЫХ ТЕЧЕНИЙ ВЯЗКОГО ГАЗА В ТУРБОМАШИНАХ

The question of a choice of mesh resolution degree is considered for calculations of threedimensional viscous flows in turbomachinery using the RANS flow models and the second order accurate numerical methods. The calculations of flows through the turbine and compressor cascades are performed using successively refined meshes. The results obtained are compared in their possibility both to resolve qualitatively the transonic flow pattern and to estimate quantitatively the losses. It is shown that for scientific researches of 3D turbomachinery flows it makes sense to use the difference meshes with number of cells from 106 to 108 in the single blade-to-blade passage, while for engineering calculations a mesh with number of cells less than 106 in the single blade-to-blade passage could be sufficient under certain conditions. Рассматривается вопрос выбора степени измельчения разностной сетки при расчетах трехмерных течений вязкого газа в турбомашинах с использованием моделей течения ЯЛЫБ и численных методов второго порядка. Выполнены расчеты течений через турбинные и компрессорные решетки на последовательно измельчающихся сетках. Проведено сопоставление полученных результатов, как по качественному разрешению сложной структуры трансзвуковых потоков, так и по количественной оценке потерь. Показано, что для научных исследований трехмерных течений имеет смысл использовать разностные сетки с количеством ячеек от 106 до 108 в одном межлопаточном канале, в то время как для инженерных расчетов при выполнении некоторых условий достаточно сетки с количеством ячеек меньше 106 в одном межлопаточном канале.