Measurement of the 1s-2s energy interval in muonium

The 1s-2s interval has been measured in the muonium ({$\mu^+e^-$}) atom by Doppler-free two-photon laser spectroscopy. The frequency separation of the states was determined to be 2 455 528 941.0(9.8)~MHz in good agreement with quantum electrodynamics. The muon-electron mass ratio can be extracted and is found to be 206.768 38(17). The result may be interpreted as measurement of the muon-electron charge ratio as $-1- 1.1(2.1)\cdot 10^{-9}$

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Features of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Extracardial Disorders

Aim. To study the features of the progression of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with arterial hypertension (HT) and comorbid extracardiac diseases.Material and methods. In the observational cohort study 308 men 45-65 years old with AF and HT were observed Most patients also had the following comorbid extracardiac diseases: diabetes mellitus (DM; n=40), diffuse toxic goiter (DTG; n=42); hypothyroidism (HTH; n=59), abdominal obesity (AO; n=64), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; n=47). The comparison group consisted of 56 patients with AF and HT only. Clinical, anthropometric, laboratory parameters, levels of NT-proBNP and galectin-3, results of ECG, daily monitoring of ECG and blood pressure wereassessed initially and after 12 months.Results. Persistent AF (29.6-65.2%) and long-term persistent AF (16-31.3%) were more common in groups with extracardiac diseases compared with the AF+HT group (20.4% and 14.2%, respectively). Permanent form of AF was statistically significantly more common in the DM (11.1%), AO (14.8%) and HTH (6.2%) groups compared with the AF+HT group (0.6%). A comparative assessment of risk factors (smoking and alcohol) did not show significant differences in prevalence in the groups (22-44%). An assessment of the levels of fibrosis and remodeling markers found a statistically significant increase in the level of galectin-3 in groups of patients with concomitant extracardiac diseases and an increase in the NT-proBNP level, relative to reference values in all groups except DTG.Conclusion. Patients with AF in combination with HT and comorbid extracardiac diseases have a more rapid AF progression

COMPARISON OF ENALAPRIL AND PERINDOPRIL IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND LEFT VENTRICLE SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION

Aim. To compare efficacy of enalapril and perindopril in patients with arterial hypertension (HT) and left ventricle systolic dysfunction.Material and methods. Patients (n=51) with HT and left ventricle systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction&lt;45%) were included in the prospective open randomized comparative study. Patients were randomized into 2 groups of therapy with enalapril 10-20 mg BID (n=25) or with perindopril 4-8 mg OD (n=26). Hydrochlorothiazide (12,5-25 mg OD) was added in case of ineffective therapy. Routine clinical examination, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring, an electrocardiogram, an echocardiography were performed in all patients.Results. The 24-hour and night antihypertensive effect of enalapril was more prominent than this of perindopril. Target BP level was reached in 21 patients (84%) of enalapril group and in 20 patients (76,9%) of perindopril group. 8 (30,8%) patients of perindopril group did not reach night target BP level vs 3 (12%) patients of enalapril group. Similar improvement of the left ventricle systolic function was observed in both groups.Conclusion. Enalapril and perindopril demonstrated comparable antihypertensive and cardioprotective effect