Giant water clusters: where are they from?

A new mechanism for the formation and destruction of giant water clusters described in the literature is proposed. We have earlier suggested that the clusters are associates of liquid crystal spheres (LCS), each of which is formed around a seed particle, a micro-crystal of sodium chloride. In this paper, we show that the ingress of LCS in water from the surrounding air is highly likely. When a certain threshold of the ionic strength of a solution is exceeded (for example, in the process of evaporation of a portion of water), the LCS begin to melt, passing into free water, and the salt crystals dissolve, ensuring re-growth of larger crystals as a precipitate on the substrate. A schematic diagram of the dynamics of phase transitions in water containing LCS during evaporation is proposed.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, 29 reference

Clusters of microparticles in distilled water: a kaleidoscope of versions and paradoxes of nature (Review)

The presence of microparticles (clusters of micron size) of unknown origin in the volume of water, including highly purified water (bidistilled, deionized), has been repeatedly demonstrated by various methods of physical analysis. Various assumptions have been made about the nature of these microparticles, but none of them has become generally accepted. The review analyzes the literature data and the results obtained by the authors using optical and electron scanning microscopes. The composition and phase state of distilled water deposits at the bottom of glassware after evaporation of free water are considered. The structure of the microdispersed phase of distilled water and the mechanism of phase transitions of its components in the process of natural evaporation, the end products of which are gel-like water and sodium chloride crystals, are proposed

Conservation Laws, Hodograph Transformation and Boundary Value Problems of Plane Plasticity

For the hyperbolic system of quasilinear first-order partial differential equations, linearizable by hodograph transformation, the conservation laws are used to solve the Cauchy problem. The equivalence of the initial problem for quasilinear system and the problem for conservation laws system permits to construct the characteristic lines in domains, where Jacobian of hodograph transformations is equal to zero. Moreover, the conservation laws give all solutions of the linearized system. Some examples from the gas dynamics and theory of plasticity are considered

Explicit Formulas for Solutions Of Maxwell’s Equations in Conducting Media

A new explicit presentation of the fundamental solution of the time-dependent Maxwell’s equations in conducting isotropic media is derived by Hadamard techniques through the fundamental solution of the telegraph operator. This presentation is used to obtain explicit formulas for generalized solutions of the initial value problem for Maxwell’s equations. A new explicit Kirchhoff’s formula for the classical solution of the initial value problem for the Maxwell equations in conducting media is derived. The obtained explicit formulas can be used in the boundary integral method, Green’s functions method and for computation of electric and magnetic fields in conducting media and materials