Effects of shading and covering material application for delaying harvest on gray mold disease severity

To delay the harvest of Sultani Cekirdeksiz grape variety and to reduce pre and post-harvest botrytis bunch rot severity, shading and covering material application were tested in 2009 to 2010 growing periods. In this study, grape vines were shaded with shading materials which had three different shading densities (35, 55, and 75% shading density) from veraison period to harvest. The grape vines were also covered with four different covering materials (transparent polyethylene, mogul, polypropen cross-stich and lifepack) before rainfall, at the end of August until harvest. The gray mold severity was recorded three times (before shading at unriped grape stage, veraison period, shortly after shading and twice at 20 day interval) during growing period. Based on the results of this study, the highest gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) severity was obtained in the control (uncovered and unshaded) treatment and the lowest disease severity was observed in lifepack treatment with or without shading. Since gray mold disease of grape was the main factor affecting harvest date of the crop lifepack, + 35 or 55% shading could be recommended to delay harvest and reduce the gray mold severity of grape in Manisa province-Turkey.Key words: Sultani seedless, table grape, shading, cover material, delaying harvest disease severity, Botrytis cinerea

Evaluation of Free Breathing Versus Breath Hold Diffusion Weighted Imaging in Terms Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) Values for Solid Abdominal Organs.

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of normal abdominal parenchymal organs and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements in the same patients with breath hold (BH) and free breathing (FB) diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). MATERIAL/METHODS: Forty-eight patients underwent both BH and FB DWI. Spherical region of interest (ROI) was placed on the right hepatic lobe, spleen, pancreas, and renal cortices. ADC values were calculated for each organ on each sequence using an automated software. Image noise, defined as the standard deviation (SD) of the signal intensities in the most artifact-free area of the image background was measured by placing the largest possible ROI on either the left or the right side of the body outside the object in the recorded field of view. SNR was calculated using the formula: SNR=signal intensity (SI)((organ))/standard deviation (SD)((noise)). RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in ADC values of the abdominal organs between BH and FB DWI sequences (p>0.05). There were statistically significant differences between SNR values of organs on BH and FB DWIs. SNRs were found to be better on FB DWI than BH DWI (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Free breathing DWI technique reduces image noise and increases SNR for abdominal examinations. Free breathing technique is therefore preferable to BH DWI in the evaluation of abdominal organs by DWI

Parietal Bone Metastasis of Rectal Adenocarcinoma as an Initial Diagnosis of Recurrence: Case Report CASE REPORT Open Access

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a most common and lethal disease of the gastrointestinal tract [1]. CRC can usually spread by lymphatic and hematogenous routes. The most common metastatic sites are the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and peritoneum [1]. Uncommon metastasis of CRC were described such as skin, muscles, skull and thyroid [2][3] A 44-year old man had diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the rectum as a result of colonoscopic biopsy in July 2009. Fluoropyrimidine-based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy had performed. &quot;Low Anterior Resection&quot; was held in September 2009 and after surgery 4 cycles adjuvant chemotherapy had admitted. The patient was followed in remission until February 2012. He had presented with a mass approximately 6 cm in diameter located his temporoparietal region in February 2012. The mass had grown rapidly in 4 or 5 months. Because of tumour diameter and pain, he had applied to Neurosurgery Department. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a 6.0x4.0 cm mass, extending from bottom of scalp and epidural space Parietal Bone Metastasis of Rectal Adenocarcinoma as an Initial Abstract Keywords: Skull metastasis; Parietal bone metastasis; Metastatic colorectal cance

Effects of leptin on the epithelial cell proliferation from the small intestine and nitric oxide (NO) production in rats

Leptin encoded by the obese gene exhibits various functions, especially in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. The aims of this study are to investigate some specific intestinal roles of leptin, i.e. the regulation of epithelial cell proliferation and the nitric oxide (NO) production in the small intestine from rats. A total of 32 male, 3 month old, Swiss albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups: animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of the recombinant leptin (200 mu g/kg) in the group 1 and of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (30 mg/kg), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, in the group 2. Rats of the group 3 were treated by L-NAME (30 mg/kg) 15 minutes before the leptin injection (200 mu g/kg) and, in the group 4, rats received saline and served as controls. One hour after the last injection, blood samples were collected for the determination of plasma NO concentrations. After slaughtering, small intestines were harvested and treated for histological observations and immunohistochemistry in order to evaluate NOS expression and cell proliferation via proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining. Significant morphological changes of epithelial cells evidencing by enlargement of cellular height and a marked increase of epithelial cell proliferation compared to the controls were induced by treatment with leptin alone or in combination with L-NAME. Furthermore, in leptin-treated rats, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) synthesis was enhanced in goblet cells from the Lieberkuhn glands leading to a slight increase of plasma NO concentrations whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression remained unchanged. Although L-NAME alone or injected before leptin depressed plasma NO concentrations, modifications of epithelial cell chacteristics, a strong intensity of epithelial cell proliferation, as well an increased eNOS expression were also observed in the groups 2 and 3. These results demonstrate that leptin acts as a mitogene factor on epithelial cells of the small intestine and would have some medical indications. But even if eNOS was up-regulated in parallel, the molecular mechanisms leading to cell proliferation seem to be NO independent

Is it necessary to perform eye examination for patients with cutaneous atypical nevi?

PubMed: 331420032-s2.0-85096771463Regular dermatological examination for patients with dysplastic nevi is indicated. However, the literature on whether those patients should also be examined by ophthalmologists or not regarding a relation between suspicious lesions for ocular melanoma and cutaneous dysplastic nevi is limited. In this study, we aimed to compare the findings of a single ophthalmologic examination between the group of patients with multiple atypical nevi with at least one histopathologically proven dysplastic nevus and another group without atypical nevi. We examined the eyes of 110 patients with multiple atypical nevi with at least one histopathologically proven dysplastic nevus (47 had the diagnosis of dysplastic nevus syndrome type A, B, C, D1 or D2) for any lesion and compared the results with a control group consisted of 110 gender, age and skin-type matched patients without atypical nevi no ocular melanoma was detected in any of the groups. The frequency of the conjunctival nevi, iris nevi, choroidal nevi and conjunctival acquired melanosis were similar in both groups. Iris freckles were detected more frequently in the study group. Conjunctival racial hyperpigmentation was detected more frequently in the control group (P <.05). In this study, any significant difference in the distribution of the ocular lesions with any risk of malignancy in the study and control groups was not observed. However, considering the limitations of the study, there may still be a need of regular ophthalmic examination for the patients with atypical nevi in case of having high risk factors for developing melanoma. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC