The Liver Tumor Segmentation Benchmark (LiTS)

In this work, we report the set-up and results of the Liver Tumor Segmentation Benchmark (LITS) organized in conjunction with the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2016 and International Conference On Medical Image Computing Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) 2017. Twenty four valid state-of-the-art liver and liver tumor segmentation algorithms were applied to a set of 131 computed tomography (CT) volumes with different types of tumor contrast levels (hyper-/hypo-intense), abnormalities in tissues (metastasectomie) size and varying amount of lesions. The submitted algorithms have been tested on 70 undisclosed volumes. The dataset is created in collaboration with seven hospitals and research institutions and manually reviewed by independent three radiologists. We found that not a single algorithm performed best for liver and tumors. The best liver segmentation algorithm achieved a Dice score of 0.96(MICCAI) whereas for tumor segmentation the best algorithm evaluated at 0.67(ISBI) and 0.70(MICCAI). The LITS image data and manual annotations continue to be publicly available through an online evaluation system as an ongoing benchmarking resource.Comment: conferenc

Acute clouding of trifocal lens during implantation: a case report

Abstract Background Intraoperative IOLs clouding of several kinds of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) have been reported due to temperature changes. This phenomenon reported previously occurred in cold countries and during the winter months. However, no clinical case was reported about trifocal IOL opacification during operation. We report a case in which acute opacification of the optical region occurred simultaneously when AT LISA tri 839mp(Carl Zeiss) was implanted into the eye. Case presentation A 79-year-old woman with a cortex and nucleus cataract was scheduled to undergo right eye phacoemulsification assisted by femtosecond technique. The trifocal lens (AT LISA tri 839mp), which is made of hydrophilic acrylic (25%) with hydrophobic surface properties, was chosen for implantation. As the IOL was implanted into the eye, it became cloudy immediately. Then it was replaced by another AT LISA tri 839mp, which was transferred from lens company outside, the same phenomenon was observed. These two lenses underwent the same temperature fluctuation from cold outside to operating room. Finally, a ZCB00 (Allergan) was implanted. Conclusions The acute intraoperative clouding of trifocal lens(AT LISA tri 839mp) results from fluctuation of temperature should be noticed

Comparison of Anterior Segment Biometric Measurements between Pentacam HR and IOLMaster in Normal and High Myopic Eyes.

To compare the anterior chamber depth (ACD), keratometry (K) and astigmatism measurements taken by IOLMaster and Pentacam HR in normal and high myopic (HM) eyes.A prospective observational case series.Sixty-six normal eyes and 59 HM eyes underwent ACD, keratometry and astigmatism measurements with both devices. Axial length (AL) was measured on IOLMaster. The interdevice agreement was evaluated using the Bland-Altman analysis and paired t-test. The correlations between age and AL & ACD were analyzed. Vector analysis was used to compare astigmatism measurements.The ACD from IOLMaster and Pentacam HR was different for the normal group (P = 0.003) but not for the HM group (P = 0.280). IOLMaster demonstrated higher steep K and mean K values than Pentacam HR for both normal and HM groups (P<0.001 for all). IOLMaster also have higher flat K values for the HM groups (P<0.001) but were statistically equivalent with Pentacam HR for the normal group (P = 0.119) IOLMaster and Pentacam HR were different in astigmatism measurements for the normal group but were statistically equivalent for the HM group. For the normal group, age was negatively correlated with AL, IOLMaster ACD and Pentacam HR ACD (r = -0.395, P = 0.001; r = -0.715, P < 0.001; r = -0.643, P < 0.001). For the HM group, age was positively correlated with AL but negatively correlated with IOLMaster ACD and Pentacam HR ACD (r = 0.377, P = 0.003; r = -0.392, P = 0.002; r = -0.616, P < 0.001).The IOLMaster and Pentacam HR have significant difference in corneal power measurements for both normal and HM groups. The two instruments also differ in ACD and astigmatism measurement for the normal group. Therefore, a single instrument is recommended for studying longitudinal changes in anterior segment biometric measurements. Age should be considered as an influencing factor for both AL and ACD values in the normal and HM group

Anterior lens capsule and epithelium thickness measurements using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Abstract Background To investigate the anterior lens capsule and epithelium thickness (defined as anterior lens capsular complex: ALCC) in normal Chinese subjects using spectral-domian optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and examine the factors that may influence the ALCC, such as age, gender, pupil diameter (PD) and signal strength index (SSI). Methods A prospective observational case series. One-hundred-thirty-four normal subjects (134 eyes) were included. The ALCCs were determined manually via SD-OCT. Using the pupil center as a reference position, the central ALCC (CALCC), nasal 1-mm ALCC (NALCC), temporal 1-mm ALCC (TALCC) and PD were measured manually. Results The mean CALCC, NALCC and TALCC were 33 ± 6 μm, 36 ± 7 μm and 34 ± 6 μm, respectively. The NALCC was significantly thicker than the CALCC (P < .001) and TALCC (P < .001). Moreover, CALCC was significantly thinner than TALCC (P = 0.013). Age was positively correlated with the CALCC (r = 0.292, P < .001), NALCC (r = 0.400, P < .001) and TALCC (r = 0.521, P < .001). PD, gender and SSI were not significantly correlated with the three ALCC parameters. Conclusions The SD-OCT can be used to demonstrate the ALCC thickness, and age is positively correlated with the ALCC in the central, nasal and temporal sides

Association of a TNIP1 Polymorphism with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome but Not with Ocular Behcet's Disease in Han Chinese

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the association of TNFa-induced protein 3 interacting with protein 1 (TNIP1) gene polymorphisms with Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) syndrome and Behcet’s disease (BD) in a Han Chinese population. Methods: A total of 656 BD patients, 961 VKH syndrome patients and 1534 healthy controls were included in this two-stage case control study. Seven SNPs, including rs17728338, rs7708392, rs10036748, rs3762999, rs999556, rs4958881 and rs3792783, belonging to TNIP1 were genotyped and analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The data were analyzed by using the x2 or Fisher’s exact test and corrected for multiple comparisons by the Bonferroni method. Results: A significantly increased frequency of the GG genotype and a decreased frequency of the AG genotype of rs17728338 were found in VKH patients (Pc = 0.038 OR = 1.934, 95 % CI = 1.438,2.601). No significant difference was noted in allele or genotype frequencies of rs7708392, rs10036748, rs3762999, rs999556, rs4958881 and rs3792783, between VKH patients and healthy controls (Pc.0.05). No significant difference was noted in allele or genotype frequencies of the tested 7 SNPs between BD patients and healthy controls. Analysis of extraocular clinical findings, did not reveal an association of the TNIP1 gene polymorphisms with BD or VKH syndrome subgroups

Anterior chamber depth, anterior corneal keratometry and astigmatism data comparison between IOLMaster and Pentacam HR in the normal group and high myopia group.

<p>D = diopter; I = IOLMaster; K = keratometry; P = Pentacam HR.</p><p>*Paired two-tailed t-test.</p><p>^# Statistical significant using the significance level at 5% for either normal or HM group.</p><p>Anterior chamber depth, anterior corneal keratometry and astigmatism data comparison between IOLMaster and Pentacam HR in the normal group and high myopia group.</p

Primer sequences and restriction enzymes used for RFLP analysis of the <i>TNIP1</i> gene.

<p>Primer sequences and restriction enzymes used for RFLP analysis of the <i>TNIP1</i> gene.</p

Assessment of trachoma in suspected endemic areas within 16 provinces in mainland China.

BACKGROUND:China used to be among the countries with a high prevalence of trachoma. At the launch of The Global Elimination of Trachoma (GET) 2020 campaign by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1996, China was placed on the list of countries endemic for trachoma based on historical data. However, empirical observation and routinely collected eye care data were suggesting that trachoma was no longer a public health problem. To determine whether the GET 2020 goals had been met in P. R. China, we conducted a targeted assessment with national scope. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING:Province assessment teams, trained in WHO Trachoma Rapid Assessment (TRA) methodology and in WHO simplified trachoma grading system, carried out assessments in 16 provinces (among them, 2 provinces conducted pilot assessment). Based on the published literature, including national and international reports, suspected trachoma-endemic areas within each province were identified. Within these areas, trachomatous inflammation- follicular (TF) assessments were carried out in at least 50 grade-one children in primary schools serving villages with the lowest socio-economic development. Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) and corneal opacity (CO) assessments were conducted among persons aged 15 and over in villages within the catchment area of the selected schools. Of 8,259 children examined in 128 primary schools in 97 suspected trachoma endemic areas, only 16 cases of conjunctivitis were graded as TF. 38 cases with TT were found among the 339,013 examined residents in villages surrounding the schools. Among these 97 suspected trachoma endemic areas in only three was the prevalence of TT more than 0.2%. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:This large study suggested that trachoma was not a public health problem in 16 provinces that had been previously suspected to be endemic. These findings will facilitate planning for elimination of trachoma from PR China