Strategy-Proof Spectrum Allocation among Multiple Operators

To address the demand of exponentially increasing end users efficient use of limited spectrum is a necessity. For this, spectrum allocation among co-existing operators in licensed and unlicensed spectrum band is required to cater to the temporal and spatial traffic variations in the wireless network. In this paper, we consider multiple operator spectrum allocation problem via auctions. The classical Vickrey-Clarke-Grooves (VCG) approach provides a strategy-proof and social welfare maximizing auction at the cost of high computational complexity which makes it intractable for practical implementation. We propose a sealed bid auction for spectrum allocation, which is computationally tractable and can hence be applied as per the dynamic load variations of the network. We show that the proposed algorithm is strategy-proof. Simulation results are presented to exhibit the performance comparison of the proposed algorithm and the VCG mechanism

Cellular oxido-reductive proteins of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii control the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Elucidation of molecular mechanism of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) biosynthesis is important to control its size, shape and monodispersity. The evaluation of molecular mechanism of biosynthesis of SNPs is of prime importance for the commercialization and methodology development for controlling the shape and size (uniform distribution) of SNPs. The unicellular algae <it>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii </it>was exploited as a model system to elucidate the role of cellular proteins in SNPs biosynthesis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The <it>C. reinhardtii </it>cell free extract (<it>in vitro</it>) and <it>in vivo </it>cells mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles reveals SNPs of size range 5 ± 1 to 15 ± 2 nm and 5 ± 1 to 35 ± 5 nm respectively. <it>In vivo </it>biosynthesized SNPs were localized in the peripheral cytoplasm and at one side of flagella root, the site of pathway of ATP transport and its synthesis related enzymes. This provides an evidence for the involvement of oxidoreductive proteins in biosynthesis and stabilization of SNPs. Alteration in size distribution and decrease of synthesis rate of SNPs in protein-depleted fractions confirmed the involvement of cellular proteins in SNPs biosynthesis. Spectroscopic and SDS-PAGE analysis indicate the association of various proteins on <it>C. reinhardtii </it>mediated <it>in vivo </it>and <it>in vitro </it>biosynthesized SNPs. We have identified various cellular proteins associated with biosynthesized (<it>in vivo </it>and <it>in vitro) </it>SNPs by using MALDI-MS-MS, like ATP synthase, superoxide dismutase, carbonic anhydrase, ferredoxin-NADP⁺reductase, histone etc. However, these proteins were not associated on the incubation of pre-synthesized silver nanoparticles <it>in vitro</it>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Present study provides the indication of involvement of molecular machinery and various cellular proteins in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. In this report, the study is mainly focused towards understanding the role of diverse cellular protein in the synthesis and capping of silver nanoparticles using <it>C. reinhardtii </it>as a model system.</p

Physico-chemical studies of water quality in Banganga (Small River) of Shri Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra, J & K

Banganga is the first major station for a yatries when they undertake their on-foot journey from Katra to Bhawan (Shri Mata Vaishno Devi). The pilgrims reach a small bridge under which flows Banganga, the legendary river associated with the miracles and legends of Mata Vaishno Devi. There is water in the river all through the year. Various physico-chemical and biological parameters were taken into consideration during the course of study, these includes colour, temperature, DO, BOD, COD, pH, total hardness, total suspended solids and  Total dissolved solids. Based on the results of this study it has concluded that slight increase of pollutants in downstream of the river was observed in comparison to the upstream, hence it is an alarming position of increasing pollution load in the river

Bimatoprost loaded nanovesicular long-acting sub-conjunctival in-situ gelling implant: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

Primary treatment for glaucoma relies on chronic instillation (daily) of intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering eye drops. Present study tends to develop and assess a novel sustained release bimatoprost loaded nanovesicular (BMT-NV) - thermosensitive in-situ gelling implant (BMT-NV- GEL-IM), for subconjunctival delivery. BMT-NVs developed using novel composition and method of preparation, (IPA/700/DEL/2014) and industrially viable methodology were characterized and evaluated comprehensively for ocular suitability. Their incorporation into an in-situ gelling formula was safe (in vitro and in vivo) and stable upon sterilization. Autoclavability was an important consideration, as a preservative-free, single-use BMT-NV- GEL-IM will avoid side- effects associated with repetitive application of drops containing preservatives like benzalkonium chloride (BAK). An extended in vitro release of BMT (80.23%) was observed for 10 days while the IOP lowering effect extended over 2 months with single subconjunctival injection of BMT-NV-GEL-IM in rats. No clinical signs of irritation, inflammation, or infection were observed in any injected eye, throughout the study, as also confirmed by histology. Furthermore, single administration of BMT-NV-GEL as topical drop lowered the IOP over 5 days. Presence of significant diffuse fluorescence in confocal microscopy of internal eye tissues post-in vivo application, as subconjunctival implant, even after 2 month and eye drops upto1 week provide direct evidence of successful sustained delivery. We thus provide an improved modality for antiglaucoma medication in patients who are challenged to adhere to a regimen of daily eye drops

In search of a theory of supercooled liquids

Despite the absence of consensus on a theory of the transition from supercooled liquids to glasses, the experimental observations suggest that a detail-independent theory should exist.Comment: Commentary. 3 pages 2 figure