Assessment of temporary overvoltages during network lines re-energization

Power system blackouts are very infrequent, but they have a Brobdingnagian effect on the system performance and devices. The present research work offers remarkable techniques for the assessment of temporary overvoltages all through the re-energization of network lines. The main goal of this research work is to first-rate and reenergize the network lines for the purpose of restoration. In the later stage, the magnitudes and durations of the Temporary Overvoltages (TOVs) that occurred during the energization of unloaded transformer are estimated.The assortment and re-energization of network lines is done on the basis of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and conceptual method respectively. The assessment of TOVs is done on the basis of MATLAB/Simulink and Feed Forward Neural Networks (FFNNs). The proposed models are verified on IEEE 30 bus test system for the analysis purpose. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (%MAPE) obtained through various forecasting methods is examined to check the robustness of the proposed approaches. The simulation and FFNN results presented in this research work helps in designing the exact withstand voltage rating for various network components employed at the moment of re-energization

OVERLAPPED CLUSTERING APPROACH FOR MAXIMIZING THE SERVICE RELIABILITY OF HETEROGENEOUS DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT For distributed computing system (DCS) where server nodes can fail permanently with nonzero probability, the reliability of the system can be defined as the probability that the system run the entire tasks successfully assign on it before all the nodes fail. In heterogeneous distributed system where various nodes of the system have different characteristics, reliability of the system is highly dependent on the tasks allocation strategies. So, this paper presents a rigorous framework for efficient tasks allocation in heterogeneous distributed environment, with the goal of maximizing the system reliability. Reliability of the system is characterized in the presence of communication uncertainties and topological changes due to node's failure. Node failure has adverse effects on the system reliability. Thus, one possible way to improve reliability is to make the communication among the tasks as local as possible. For this, an overlapped clustering approach has been used. Further, we calculate the reliability of each node of the DCS to determine the actual capabilities of each node. Here, our purpose is to assign the more costly task to more reliable node of the DCS. Then we utilize the load balancing policies for handling the node's failure effect as well as maximizing the service reliability of the DCS. A numeric example is presented to illustrate the importance of incorporating overlapping cluster and load balancing on the reliability study

Evaluation of the effects of FYM and gypsum on onion (Allium cepa L.) production under sodic water irrigation

A field experiment was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of FYM and gypsum on onion (Allium cepa L.) production under sodic water irrigation. Treatments comprised of three levels of farm yard manure (FYM) (F0- no FYM, F1- 10 t/ha and F2- 20 t/ha FYM) and three levels of gypsum (G0- nogypsum, G1- 50% neutralization of RSC and G2- 100% neutralization of RSC) in addition to control (irrigation with sodic water and no FYM and no gypsum F0G0). Results of the study showed that the seedling mortality was maximum (77.50 %) in control (F0G0) treatment, while minimum number of seedlings mortality (18.17 %) was observed in (F2G2) treatment followed by (25.17 %) (F2G1) treatment. There was significant increase in growth and yield of onion with application of FYM and gypsum. Moreover, maximum bulb yield (180.83 q/ha) was recorded in (F2G2) followed by F2G1 (152.22 q/ha) where 100% sodicity of water was neutralized by the application of gypsum and 20 t/ha FYM. Under sodic water conditions, increasing level of gypsum and FYM help in reducing the sodicity of irrigation water and thereby, increasing the yield of onion. The study concluded that in present situation of scarcity of good quality water for agricultural purposes, use of amendments like FYM and gypsum were best alternative for the best possible use of poor quality ground water and simultaneously sustain the yield of vegetable crops like onion which are sensitive to sodic water

A study on innovativeness and regulating conflicts between the fishers and farmers in the Balua wetland

Wetlands store ground and surface water even when the rainfall is erratic. However, the rising demand for water and land to sustain the ever increasing population has manifested in many kinds of conflicts in wetlands. In the study area, Balua Chaur (wetland) in Bihar state of India, 16 conflicts emerged when the flooded lands offarmers was accessed by the fishers to fish. Such conflicts had further marginalized the already indigent fishers. Factor analysis, to reduce the socioeconomic and psychological variables of the fishers that were associated with innovativeness and further analysis of ANOVA and regression was used. In case of fishers, two major groups of interrelated variables that accounted for 60.6 % of the total variance were identified through this method. Factor 1 accounted for 34.8 % of the total variance that included innovativeness, income, education, mass media exposure, extension contact, livestock ownership, land ownership, mobile use collaborating and competing style of conflict management and named as innovative factors. The ANOVA table and stepwise multiple regression model exhibited that the nuclear family type and livestock have significant impact on the innovativeness of fishers with R2 value 0.255. In this paper, peace and prosperity model based upon the analysis of primary information collected from the fishers, farmers and key informants is proposed to foster innovativeness to enhance the productivity of wetland and resolve conflict to mobilize the resources in efficient and judicial manner

OVERLAPPED CLUSTERING APPROACH FOR MAXIMIZING THE SERVICE RELIABILITY OF HETEROGENEOUS DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT For distributed computing system (DCS) where server nodes can fail permanently with nonzero probability, the reliability of the system can be defined as the probability that the system run the entire tasks successfully assign on it before all the nodes fail. In heterogeneous distributed system where various nodes of the system have different characteristics, reliability of the system is highly dependent on the tasks allocation strategies. So, this paper presents a rigorous framework for efficient tasks allocation in heterogeneous distributed environment, with the goal of maximizing the system reliability. Reliability of the system is characterized in the presence of communication uncertainties and topological changes due to node's failure. Node failure has adverse effects on the system reliability. Thus, one possible way to improve reliability is to make the communication among the tasks as local as possible. For this, an overlapped clustering approach has been used. Further, we calculate the reliability of each node of the DCS to determine the actual capabilities of each node. Here, our purpose is to assign the more costly task to more reliable node of the DCS. Then we utilize the load balancing policies for handling the node's failure effect as well as maximizing the service reliability of the DCS. A numeric example is presented to illustrate the importance of incorporating overlapping cluster and load balancing on the reliability study

Power Forecasting in Photovoltaic System using Hybrid ANN and Wavelet Transform based Method

Solar energy is a sustainable, renewable energy which is a part of latest industry standards of operation in line with industry 4.0. Solar power variability leads to fluctuation and uncertainty in Photovoltaic (PV) output power. It is a significant issue with regard to the high penetration of PV power generation. The solar irradiance is affected by weather conditions, and varies with geographical locations. Accurate PV power output forecasting is essential for the planning and scheduling alternate sources of conventional power. In this paper we propose a frequency domain approach for forecasting of short-term PV output power. The wavelet transform allows identification of periodic components with time localization, whereas the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique allows us to model the non-linearities in the PV time series. In this paper, PV power data for the city Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh is forecasted. Numerical simulations show that the proposed forecasting method for PV power output, shows a significant increase in accuracy over other similar methods. The root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Error for the proposed method are also calculated and compared with state-of-the art methods for PV power forecasting

Economic analysis of trout feed production in Jammu and Kashmir, India

The Present study is an attempt to understand the economics of trout feed production in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Trout feed production is capital intensive business which requires high initial capital investment. The results revealed that major fixed investment required in trout feed production was feed mill itself which accounted about 71.44 percent of the total investment. The cost and return analysis showed that the variable cost accounts 59.16 percent whereas fixed cost accounted 40.84 percent of the total cost respectively. Among the variable cost raw material was found out to be single most important factor which accounted about 56.37 percent of the total cost which was about 95.28 percent of the total variable cost. The average cost of production of trout feed was Rs.84.33/kg which ranged from Rs.78.45/kg in Kokarnag trout feed mill to Rs.90.2/kg in Manasbal trout feed mill but government has fixed selling price at Rs.73/Kg for the feed to maintain reasonable price level for private trout farmers. The availability and high price of raw material were found to be major constraints faced by feed producers. Economics analysis revealed that both the feed mills are operating at suboptimal level and there is need to utilize the feed mill to its full potential and export the surplus production to neighbouring state of Himachal Pradesh and other Himalayan states like Sikkim and Arunachal which will help the state fisheries department to generate extra income which can be used in other developmental activities

QuadBase: genome-wide database of G4 DNA—occurrence and conservation in human, chimpanzee, mouse and rat promoters and 146 microbes

Emerging evidence indicates the importance of G-quadruplex motifs as drug targets. [Stuart A. Borman, Ascent of quadruplexes—nucleic acid structures become promising drug targets. Chem. Eng. News, 2007;85, 12–17], which stems from the fact that these motifs are present in a surprising number of promoters wherein their role in controlling gene expression has been demonstrated for a few. We present a compendium of quadruplex motifs, with particular focus on their occurrence and conservation in promoters—QuadBase. It is composed of two parts (EuQuad and ProQuad). EuQuad gives information on quadruplex motifs present within 10 kb of transcription starts sites in 99 980 human, chimpanzee, rat and mouse genes. ProQuad contains quadruplex information of 146 prokaryotes. Apart from gene-specific searches for quadruplex motifs, QuadBase has a number of other modules. ‘Orthologs Analysis’ queries for conserved motifs across species based on a selected reference organism; ‘Pattern Search’ can be used to fetch specific motifs of interest from a selected organism using user-defined criteria for quadruplex motifs, i.e. stem, loop size, etc. ‘Pattern Finder’ tool can search for motifs in any given sequence. QuadBase is freely available to users from non-profit organization at http://quadbase.igib.res.in/

Determination of proper gamma radiation dose for creating variation in Indian garlic varieties

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) an important neutraceutical crop. It is used as traditional medicine to aid digestion, respiration, parasitic infestation and to treat leprosy and various other diseases. But biologically garlic is sterile in nature hence for creating variation; traditional breeding methods are not applicable. Further clonal propagation method leads garlic more prone for various seed and soil borne diseases including virus infection. And natural genetic variation in morphological as well as biochemical traits is limited in garlic. Considering this is in view, among various methods of creating variation, treating bulbs with radiation is simple and easy technique. Main activity of mutation breeding using gamma radiation is to determine optimum dose (LD-50). Hence in present experiment, two garlic varieties were subjected to gamma radiation treatments (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 gray). Aim of this experiment is to identify LD-50 dose and then generate variation in garlic like increase in bulb size, bulb shape, high neutraceutical compounds like allicin etc. In results, both treated varieties recorded 50 percent germination at dose 10 grays as LD-50. Further on basis of survival of plantlets and final matured plants count, optimum gamma radiation dose of 5 gray for Bhima Omkar and in between 5 to 10 gray for Bhima Purple is identified as LD-50 respectively. In case of Bhima Purple, there is further need to screen the population for exact dose value of LD-50. All other morphological traits in both varieties recorded decreasing trend with increase in radiation doses. However no significant alterations observed visually in any treatment. This optimized radiation dose will be helpful for subjecting other genotypes for getting mutants and generating diversity in garlic which may have high neutracutical compounds and would suitable for processing and export