Analysis of LTE based an Antenna Design for 5G Communications

As the world progresses towards the next generation of communications networks, new technological solutions, architectures and standards are urgently required. This evolution of communications networks will facilitate numerous convincing business and consumer applications and speed up large investments in network infrastructure, appliances and devices. Wireless technologies of the last generation, 5G networks, promise an era of all-round, secure and powerful radio network. The use of 5G technology extends beyond traditional telecoms, and includes extremely low latencies, high energy efficiency or comprehensive Gbps. This paper also accurately includes 5G requirements and antenna categorization accompanied by a comparative study of various antenna designs. The various researchers have previously suggested several 5G antenna designs, but an exhaustive examination using their performance improvement system of the various types of 5G antenna has not yet been completed. We thus tried to examine the various types of 5G antenna design, their mechanisms for improving performance, comparisons and possible worldwide breakthroughs

Design of 5G Communication MIMO Based Advanced Antenna System

Radio wires are a basic piece of all flexible correspondence structures. Over the most recent five years or something along those lines, the worth of the specific bits of removed receiving wires have been refined to meet the present higher limit necessities. For instance, cross enchanted sending parts feed affiliations, variable stage shifters for electrical down tendency, and etcetera. To this end, how much shows in a base station radio wire have developed comprehensively without loosening up the RF or mechanical nuances of the receiving wires. Throughput is reached out to the client by exploiting MIMO and transporter blend with a high port count radio wire. Plus, a solitary or sets of high port count radio wire can diminish how much radio wires specialties on a pinnacle. In a perfect world, the pinnacle essentials will be remained mindful of by keeping the weight and wind heap of the new receiving wires something practically indistinguishable or not the very receiving wires they remove. Not all high port count radio wire can keep this last liabilit

Elucidation of Short Linear Motif-Based Interactions of the FERM Domains of Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin, and Merlin

The ERM (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) family of proteins and the related protein merlin participate in scaffolding and signaling events at the cell cortex. The proteins share an N-terminal FERM [band four-point-one (4.1) ERM] domain composed of three subdomains (F1, F2, and F3) with binding sites for short linear peptide motifs. By screening the FERM domains of the ERMs and merlin against a phage library that displays peptides representing the intrinsically disordered regions of the human proteome, we identified a large number of novel ligands. We determined the affinities for the ERM and merlin FERM domains interacting with 18 peptides and validated interactions with full-length proteins through pull-down experiments. The majority of the peptides contained an apparent Yx[FILV] motif; others show alternative motifs. We defined distinct binding sites for two types of similar but distinct binding motifs (YxV and FYDF) using a combination of Rosetta FlexPepDock computational peptide docking protocols and mutational analysis. We provide a detailed molecular understanding of how the two types of peptides with distinct motifs bind to different sites on the moesin FERM phosphotyrosine binding-like subdomain and uncover interdependencies between the different types of ligands. The study expands the motif-based interactomes of the ERMs and merlin and suggests that the FERM domain acts as a switchable interaction hub

Thoracic epidural for post-thoracotomy pain: a comparison of three concentrations of sufentanil

Background: The aim of this prospective, double blind, randomised trial was to compare the analgesic and adverse effects of three concentrations of the thoracic epidural sufentanil with bupivacaine in patients undergoing thoracotomy.Methods: We studied 60 (randomised) patients who were to receive a 10 ml bolus dose of sufentanil, 1&mu;g/ml, 2 &mu;g/ml and 3 &mu;g/ml, in bupivacaine 0.125%, via thoracic epidural. Postoperatively, pain at rest, on coughing and with ambulation was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and observer verbal ranking score (OVRS) at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Adverse effects were simultaneously assessed.Results: There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the three groups. The number of patients with episodes of unsatisfactory pain, i.e. a VAS scores &ge; 40 and OVRS &ge; 2, at each of the four assessments postoperatively, was significantly higher with sufentanil 1 g/ml than with sufentanil 2 &mu;g/ml or &mu;3 g/ml (p < 0.05). In the 3 &mu;g/ml sufentanil group, four patients (20%) had a sedation score &ge; 3 compared with one (5%) and no (0%) patients in the 2 &mu;g/ml and 1 &mu;g/ml sufentanil groups, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, 30% patients experienced pruritus in the 3 &mu;g/ml sufentanil group compared with 10% and 5%, respectively, in the 2 &mu;g/ml and 1 &mu;g/ml sufentanil groups. In the sufentanil 3 &mu;g/ml, 2 &mu;g/ml and 1 &mu;g/ml groups, 30%, 20% and 5% patients, respectively, had emetics symptoms (p < 0.05).Conclusions: We conclude that a thoracic epidural bolus of 10 ml sufentanil 2 &mu;g/ml with bupivacaine 0.125% provides the optimal balance between pain relief and side-effects following thoracotomy

ANN-based energy reconstruction procedure for TACTIC gamma-ray telescope and its comparison with other conventional methods

The energy estimation procedures employed by different groups, for determining the energy of the primary $\gamma$-ray using a single atmospheric Cherenkov imaging telescope, include methods like polynomial fitting in SIZE and DISTANCE, general least square fitting and look-up table based interpolation. A novel energy reconstruction procedure, based on the utilization of Artificial Neural Network (ANN), has been developed for the TACTIC atmospheric Cherenkov imaging telescope. The procedure uses a 3:30:1 ANN configuration with resilient backpropagation algorithm to estimate the energy of a $\gamma$-ray like event on the basis of its image SIZE, DISTANCE and zenith angle. The new ANN-based energy reconstruction method, apart from yielding an energy resolution of $\sim$ 26%, which is comparable to that of other single imaging telescopes, has the added advantage that it considers zenith angle dependence as well. Details of the ANN-based energy estimation procedure along with its comparative performance with other conventional energy reconstruction methods are presented in the paper and the results indicate that amongst all the methods considered in this work, ANN method yields the best results. The performance of the ANN-based energy reconstruction has also been validated by determining the energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range 1-16 TeV, as measured by the TACTIC telescope.Comment: 23pages, 9 figures Accepted for publication in NIM

Dissipative Future Universe without Big Rip

The present study deals with dissipative future universe without big rip in context of Eckart formalism. The generalized chaplygin gas, characterized by equation of state $p=-\frac{A}{\rho^\frac{1}{\alpha}}$, has been considered as a model for dark energy due to its dark-energy-like evolution at late time. It is demonstrated that, if the cosmic dark energy behaves like a fluid with equation of state $p=\omega\rho$; $\omega < -1$, as well as chaplygin gas simultaneously then the big rip problem does not arises and the scale factor is found to be regular for all time.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, To appear in Int. J. Theor. Phy

Lyra's Cosmology of Massive String in Anisotropic Bianchi-II Space-time

The paper deals with a spatially homogeneous and totally anisotropic Bianchi II cosmological models representing massive strings in normal gauge for Lyra's manifold. The modified Einstein's field equations have been solved by applying variation law for Hubble's parameter. This law generates two type of solutions for average scale factor, one is of power law type and other is of exponential law type. The power law describes the dynamics of Universe from big bang to present epoch while exponential law seems reasonable to project dynamics of future Universe. It has been found that the displacement actor $(\beta)$ is a decreasing function of time and it approaches to small positive value at late time, which is collaborated with Halford (1970) as well as recent observations of SN Ia. The study reveals that massive strings dominate in early Universe and eventually disappear from Universe for sufficiently large time, which is in agreement with the current astronomical observations.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure