A Novel Approach to IoT Based Smart Car

A rising number of novice rash drivers, indiscreet driving, and postponed admittance to emergency treatment to casualties has been a significant reason for passings. Instances of provocation, burglary in taxis are ascending with additional individuals utilizing cur-rent taxi administrations. Driver weariness checking, mishap anticipation measures, GPS-based area and closest clinic ready, savvy slowing mechanisms, brilliant airbags, and so forth are a portion of the highlights presently executed in a couple of the very good quality  extravagance level vehicles. There hasn't been an expense proficient model produced for the low-end financial plan vehicles. It is vital to give open wellbeing measures in the vehicle to limit the endanger of death toll. This undertaking plans to foster an expense productive brilliant vehicle framework that can assist with helping not many of the causes. This research paper is written to take care for all such things and come up with a novel idea

Extraction and Identification of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Synthesized by Rhizospheric Microorganism

IAA is a key regulator of plant growth and development. The growth regulation is mainly dependent of the change of free Indole 3 acetic acid levels in the target tissues, quantification of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the most abundant natural auxin, is indispensable in the study of auxin action. Currently; spectrophotometry techniques like HPLC are technically the best methods to measure Indole 3 acetic acid, due of high sensitivity and specificity. However, its high cost for setting and maintenance makes it difficult for daily use in ordinary laboratory. Therefore, establishment of a standard method to quantify IAA based on different spectrophotometric techniques, ensure the specificity and concentration of auxins like indole 3 acitic acid

A Parametric Study on the Bixin Oil Suspensions Produced Using Annatto Seeds (Bixia Orella) and Its Potential Application in Coloring Margarine Products

Bixin obtained from Annatto seeds (Bixinella orella), has been used by the food industry as a source for natural color for a long time due to its low toxicity and high colorific value. Given its potential applications in dairy and meat industry to obtain a desired reddish - orange hue, a method was sought, which would quickly extract the desired pigment from the seed coat at low cost and allow for its direct application in the desired product. The bixin mass was extracted using demineralized water (D.M.W), sunflower oil or methanol and was then re-suspended in sunflower oil to a bixin strength of 10%. A study of the extraction process, viscosity and color hue (L*a*b value) of the 10% formulated product in margarine at low doses of 0.1% was carried out. Data indicated that methanol extraction provided the desirable reddish hue in margarine and yielded a product with lowest viscosity

Effect of Electromagnetic Field on Antimicrobial Activity and Novel Antimicrobial Compounds

The objective of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils and effect of electromagnetic field on the activity. To find out antimicrobial activity of essential oils (Thyme, Clove, Lavender), against test organisms disc diffusion assay was performed. MIC of all essential oils were determined under electromagnetic field and non-electromagnetic field. Both studies confirmed the antimicrobial activity of oils and effect of electromagnetic field. However, time killing experiment was conducted to calculate rate of inhibition for essential oils, lavender oil and thyme oil showed higher rate as compared to that of clove oil. This study provides evidence to antimicrobial activity of essential oils, and also confirmed the effect of electromagnetic field on the activity. The proposed mechanism for antimicrobial activity is inhibition of metabolic enzymes which has supported with Analytical Profile Identification (API 20NE)

Federated learning enables big data for rare cancer boundary detection.

Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise across disciplines, out-of-sample generalizability is concerning. This is currently addressed by sharing multi-site data, but such centralization is challenging/infeasible to scale due to various limitations. Federated ML (FL) provides an alternative paradigm for accurate and generalizable ML, by only sharing numerical model updates. Here we present the largest FL study to-date, involving data from 71 sites across 6 continents, to generate an automatic tumor boundary detector for the rare disease of glioblastoma, reporting the largest such dataset in the literature (n = 6, 314). We demonstrate a 33% delineation improvement for the surgically targetable tumor, and 23% for the complete tumor extent, over a publicly trained model. We anticipate our study to: 1) enable more healthcare studies informed by large diverse data, ensuring meaningful results for rare diseases and underrepresented populations, 2) facilitate further analyses for glioblastoma by releasing our consensus model, and 3) demonstrate the FL effectiveness at such scale and task-complexity as a paradigm shift for multi-site collaborations, alleviating the need for data-sharing

Author Correction: Federated learning enables big data for rare cancer boundary detection.

10.1038/s41467-023-36188-7NATURE COMMUNICATIONS14

Federated Learning Enables Big Data for Rare Cancer Boundary Detection

Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise across disciplines, out-of-sample generalizability is concerning. This is currently addressed by sharing multi-site data, but such centralization is challenging/infeasible to scale due to various limitations. Federated ML (FL) provides an alternative paradigm for accurate and generalizable ML, by only sharing numerical model updates. Here we present the largest FL study to-date, involving data from 71 sites across 6 continents, to generate an automatic tumor boundary detector for the rare disease of glioblastoma, reporting the largest such dataset in the literature (n = 6, 314). We demonstrate a 33% delineation improvement for the surgically targetable tumor, and 23% for the complete tumor extent, over a publicly trained model. We anticipate our study to: 1) enable more healthcare studies informed by large diverse data, ensuring meaningful results for rare diseases and underrepresented populations, 2) facilitate further analyses for glioblastoma by releasing our consensus model, and 3) demonstrate the FL effectiveness at such scale and task-complexity as a paradigm shift for multi-site collaborations, alleviating the need for data-sharing

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Hygiene and Sanitation among population of selected districts in Province No. 2, Nepal

Proper hygiene and inadequate sanitation has direct effect on health of individual, family, communities and nation as a whole. Provision of accessible, affordable and acceptable safe drinking water facility, optimum hygiene and sanitation to each and every individual of the world regarding to caste, ethnicity, gender, socio-economic status and geographical location is essential. Thus, the objective of this study was designed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of hygiene and sanitation on population of selected districts of Province No. 2 in Nepal. Methods This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from April to June 2019 in selected districts of Province No. 2, Nepal. 450 study participants were enrolled. Convenient sampling method was applied by designing standard structured questionnaire. Data was entered in SPSS 18 and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The results of this study reflect 82.22% respondents had knowledge that most of the diseases are caused by the lack of sanitation whereas 51.11% were familiar that the disease are caused by the collection of water around house. 92% respondents had disagreed about open defecation, 96% respondents had agreed about hand should be washed after defecation and 82% respondents had agreed on nail should be trimmed at regular interval. All respondents had brushing habit, 67.78% respondents used brush in their brushing habit, 33.56% had daily bathing habit, 20% washed clothes daily and only 15.55% used soap for washing hands after handling cattle dung. Association between education and using toilet facilities was found to be significant (p-value <0.05) but correlation between using toilet facilities and type of family among community people was statistically insignificant (p- value > 0.05). Conclusion The overall knowledge, attitude and practice on hygiene and sanitation among study participants were better, good and satisfactory respectively. Environmental sanitation program, development of household wastes, water treatment procedures and safe water storage should be done in community system and awareness programs should be carried on a regular basis

Sero-Prevalence and Risk Factors associated with Visceral Leishmaniasis

Background and Objectives: The epidemiological studies, clinical presentation and pathogenesis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are reviewed along with the current control strategies and research challenges to launch a regional VL elimination programme. VL causes considerable morbidity and mortality both in terms of geographical spread and incidence. Combinations of different risk factors are responsible for leishmaniasis. However, a disease control strategy is still unpractical because the reservoir host, the ecology and behaviour of the vector have not been fully clarified yet. Therefore, this sero-epidemiological study was designed to analyze socio- economic status, Socio-behavioural and environmental factors associated with the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis. Materials and Methods: The descriptive cross sectional study based on non-experimental design among 300 study subjects were carried out at Bindhi Village of Dhanusha district in the central development region of Nepal. Data were collected using close type of questionnaire; direct personal interview, observation and Statistical analysis were performed using the DBASE IV and EPI-INFO version 6 STATA. The direct agglutination test was performed for screening the population. Results: The prevalence and sero- prevalence of the disease was found to be 1% at the initial screening and 13.4 % respectively. The ratio of clinical disease to sero-positive was 1:13.3 in the initial examination. Based on the past history, the majority of the cases were among the age group 5-35, years in male, farmers, students, housewives, labour and others. More of the cases were among the illiterate, having primary education and less in higher educated person. Conclusion: Poverty, thatched roofed houses and not using mosquito nets were found to be risk factors. The sensitivity and specificity of the DAT was satisfactory for field application. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for both individual patients and for the community

Evaluation of Changes in Maternal Blood Sugar and Renal Function Tests during Gestational Period

Background and Objectives The direct effects of altered maternal glucose metabolism and renal impairment from early pregnancy onwards with complications on mother as well as fetal growth and the risks of adverse birth outcomes. It is crucial to understand the biochemical changes to appropriately interpret common laboratory tests for evaluating renal disease and hyperglycemia in women during pregnancy. Thus, the study was focused to estimate the variability in blood glucose and renal functions as well as its association with BMI during pregnancy in Southern Terai of Province No. 2, Nepal. Materials and Methods Fasting blood glucose was determined by enzymatic (GOD/POD) method, Serum Urea by Urease-Bertholet’s Method, Serum creatinine by Jaffe’s Reaction Method, and Uric acid by Uricase method. All the biochemical parameters were analyzed using semi-automatic biochemical analyzer (Humalyzer 3500). Statistical analysis of the collected data was carried out using SPSS version 20. The p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The  mean with standard deviation for  fasting blood glucose (94.01+30.88; 99.71+23.97; 104.77+21.37) urea (23.22+7.89; 18.22+8.98; 20.64+9.09), creatinine (0.68+0.24; 0.65+0.20; 0.58+0.28), uric acid level with (3.14+0.93, 3.74+0.95, 3.95+0.85) was depicted in 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy.  Glucose and BMI were positively correlated and highly significant (r=0.191; p<0.01). BMI with urea was negatively correlated and was found to be highly significant(r= -0.196; p<0.01). Also, there was a negative correlation between BMI and Creatinine and was found to be significant (r=-0.132; p<0.01).  But, the association of uric acid was positively correlated and statistically insignificant. Conclusion Blood glucose and uric acid gradually start increasing trimester-wise with the advancement of the gestational period. But, the mean urea level was decreased in the 2nd trimester as compared to the 1st and 3rd trimester. Also, small variation for creatinine level was found in different trimesters of pregnancy.  The association of Glucose, uric acid, and BMI were positively correlated and statistically insignificant whereas Urea and BMI was negatively correlated and highly significant. Also, there was a negative correlation between BMI and Creatinine and was found to be significant