New fungal sources for α-L-Rhamnosidase: an important enzyme used in the synthesis of drugs and drug precursors

Two fungal strains were isolated and tentatively identified as Penicillium VY and Aspergillus VY. All the isolated species show the maximum production on third day in a liquid culture media. The pH optimum was found to be 10.0 for Penicillium VY and 11.0 for Aspergillus VY. The temperature optima were 50ºC in both the cases. The enzyme produced by Penicillium VY was found to be stable in the pH range 3.0-7.0 and 3.0–6.0 in case of Aspergillus VY. The enzyme does not loose activity up to 40º C in case of Penicillium VY and 40ºC in case of Aspergillus VY if exposed for 1 h.
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Anti-Oxidant potential of Herbal formulation (Sahaj Vati) Modulating Leptin, Insulin activity

Obesity increased at alarming rate considered as serious health risks and World Health Organization wish to halt rise of obesity. Therefore, search for treatment, dietary interventions is necessary to attenuate and/or prevent the obesity. Sahaj Vati was prepared by Shilajeet, Curcuma longa, Plumbago zeylanica, Commiphora mukul and might be reduces obesity. Twenty four albino rats were randomized into four equal groups were selected as control, positive control, as standard (orlistate) and Sahaj Vati treated group, respectively. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) was administered at dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for 10 days and Sahaj Vati & orlistate was administered orally at dose of 200 and 10 mg/kg body weight respectively for four week. After four week, body weight of animals, serum leptin, insulin, total oxidant, total antioxidant and oxidative stress index were estimated. It was observed that body weight was significantly increased by MSG whereas body weight, was significantly decreased by orlistat and Sahaj Vati. Sahaj Vati significantly increased insulin concentration, total anti-oxidant status and decreased total oxidant status & oxidative stress and significantly decreased leptin concentration.  Thus, Sahaj Vati decreases body weight by modulating leptin & insulin concentration as well as total oxidant status, total anti-oxidant status & oxidative stress.

Quality control measure of Jeeva Rasa Avaleha: a male sexual stimulant

In spite of numerous Vajeekarana formulations being available in the market, the prevalence erectile dysfunction is increasing irrespective of race or economic status. The aim of the present study was to measure the quality control parameters of Jeeva Rasa Avaleha used as male sexual stimulant. It was prepared by using seven drugs, namely Shuddha Hingula, Shuddha Shilajatu, with powders of roots of five herbs viz., Aakarakarabha, Ashwagandha, Shweta Mushali, Shatavari and tuber of Vidarikanda. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of JRA such as reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, fat content, water soluble extractive, pH, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were performed. It was observed that 9.8% moisture content and 15.12% water-soluble extractive were in JRA, respectively. EDX and AAS study showed that formulation had heavy metals within permissible limit except mercury which is an ingredient of JRA. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis of JRA indicates safety of formulation and therefore it may be prescribed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction

Oxidative stress and anti-obesity approach in behavior of COVID-19: A Review

Chronic low grade inflammation and oxidative stress is major pathological process that takes part in obesity and it restrict ventilation, impairs immune responses. Oxidative stress may be liable for the alveolar harm, thrombosis and RBC dysregulation and leptin  might be the connection high pervasiveness as a comorbidity of the SARS-CoV-2 contamination. In current situation, obesity with hyper leptin, is a perceived hazard factor for clinical results of SARS-CoV-2. Conventional spices from assorted topographical areas and different territories are considered as likely wellsprings of new medications for treatment of viral contaminations. Spices like Curcuma longa Shilajeet Commiphora mukul and Plumbago zeylanica independently and alongside its mix is useful in decrease of  oxidative stress as well as leptin concentration. Thus we can assume might be useful in avoidance of corpulence and seriousness of SARS-CoV-2 contaminatio

Fingerprinting of Sahaj Vati, additive for natural lovastatin production

The lovastatin has been used in hypercholesterolemia and heart diseases for therapeutic as well as preventative purposes and it is naturally obtained from filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus through biotechnological approach. The additives in fungal media which enhances the fungal growth should also increase the production of lovastatin. Finger printing of Sahaj Vati, a herbo-mineral formulation comprising mixture of Plumbago zeylanica, Curcuma longa, Shilajeet, Commiphora mukul and Clerodendrum phlomidis powder to be added in medium for fungal growth. The fungal growth activity of both batches of Sahaj Vati was tested for fungal isolate of A. flavus by contact measure through hyphal development restraint test utilizing Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and SMKY medium followed by chromatographic and different techniques for standardization. Sahaj Vati has lower antifungal index & increased the fungal biomass and separation of compound was higher in mobile phase Benzene: Ethyl acetate: Pyridine: 5:4.9:0.1 & Hexane: Chloroform: Pyridine: 2.7:1. Sahaj Vati increased the growth and biomass of A. flauvs which may be used for natural production of lovastatin

Fingerprinting of Sahaj Vati, additive for natural lovastatin production

505-510The lovastatin has been used in hypercholesterolemia and heart diseases for therapeutic as well as preventative purposes and it is naturally obtained from filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus through biotechnological approach. The additives in fungal media which enhances the fungal growth should also increase the production of lovastatin. Finger printing of Sahaj Vati, a herbo-mineral formulation comprising mixture of Plumbago zeylanica, Curcuma longa, Shilajeet, Commiphora mukul and Clerodendrum phlomidis powder to be added in medium for fungal growth. The fungal growth activity of both batches of Sahaj Vati was tested for fungal isolate of A. flavus by contact measure through hyphal development restraint test utilizing Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and SMKY medium followed by chromatographic and different techniques for standardization. Sahaj Vati has lower antifungal index & increased the fungal biomass and separation of compound was higher in mobile phase Benzene: Ethyl acetate: Pyridine: 5:4.9:0.1 & Hexane: Chloroform: Pyridine: 2.7:1. Sahaj Vati increased the growth and biomass of A. flauvs which may be used for natural production of lovastatin

Anti obesity mechanism of Curcuma longa L.: An Over view

Chronic low grade inflammation is one important reason for the development of obesity and the inflammation is initiated by excess nutrient from metabolic cell and is characterized by increasing TNFα, interlukins, cytokinines, etc. Besides this, genetic, social, behavioural and environmental factors alone or interaction with each other influences diet, physical activity by affecting complex hypothalamic neuro-circuitry. These increase leptin level, inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which positively correlate with obesity. Curcuma longa L., commonly known as Haridra have been used for treatment of obesity and diabetes since ancient time in Ayurveda, the Indian traditional system of medicine. From current research, it has been observed that C. longa inhibit secretion of leptin, pro-inflammatory mediators and over production of ROS, whereas it increases secretion of insulin, adiponectin in plasma. Increased serum adiponectin insulin and decreased production of ROS negatively correlate with obesity. In addition to these, C. longa inhibit early growth response (Egr-1) gene, which is related to development of obesity. It is clear that by affecting leptin, adiponectin, inflammatory mediators, ROS, regulating nutritional environment and Egr-1 gene, lipogenic gene and ob gene, C. longa may be affirmative for management of obesity

Standardization of Brahmi Ghrita with Special reference to its Pharmaceutical Study

Brahmi Ghrita is a preparation of Brahmi (Bacopa monneri), Vacha (Acorus calamus), Kushtha (Sassurea lappa), Shankhapushpi (Convolvulos pluricalis) and Purana Ghrita. This preparation is used for the treatment of Apasmara and prepared by Sneha Paka process as mentioned in classical text books of Ayurveda. Three samples of this Ghrita were prepared and each sample of Brahmi Ghrita, containes Brahmi in Swarasa form as a drava dravya. Kalka was prepared with fine powder of Vacha, Kushtha, Shankhapushpi and Brahmi by triturating with Brahmi Swarasa. Murchhana of Ghrita was done as per procedure before using the Ghrita as Sneha dravya. By using all drugs, Brahmi Ghrita was prepared on mild heat for three day and during the manufacturing process temperature as well as Siddhi lakashana mentioned in Ayurveda was recorded. &nbsp

<span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-US">Anti-obesity mechanism of <i>Curcuma longa</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic"> L. - An over view</span></span>

99-106Chronic low grade inflammation is one important reason for the development of obesity and the inflammation is initiated by excess nutrient from metabolic cell and is characterized by increasing TNFα, interlukins, cytokinines, etc. Besides this, genetic, social, behavioural and environmental factors alone or interaction with each other influences diet, physical activity by affecting complex hypothalamic neuro-circuitry. These increase leptin level, inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which positively correlate with obesity. Curcuma longa L., commonly known as Haridra have been used for treatment of obesity and diabetes since ancient time in Ayurveda<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic">, the Indian traditional system of medicine. From current research, it has been observed that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">C. longa inhibit secretion of leptin, pro-inflammatory mediators and over production of ROS, whereas it increases secretion of insulin, <span style="background:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" lang="EN-GB">adiponectin in plasma. Increased serum <span style="background:white; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" lang="EN-GB">adiponectin<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US" lang="EN-US"> insulin and decreased production of ROS negatively correlate with obesity. In addition to these, C. longa inhibit early growth response (Egr-1) gene, which is related to development of obesity. It is clear that by affecting leptin,<span style="background:white;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> adiponectin, inflammatory mediators, ROS, regulating nutritional environment and Egr-1 gene, lipogenic gene and ob gene, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">C. longa may be affirmative for management of obesity. </span

Classical and contemporary methods for conversion of toxic unstable mercury to safe and stable mercury

514-518<span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" "times="" roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">Different nations of world are trying to eradicate use of mercury from the world because of its harmful effect on ecosystem that ultimately affect on human and wildlife, but there is problem of disposal because of its liquid nature. For this purpose various processing technologies were developed to convert it in to compound formulations which are stable at normal temperature and pressures as well as non-toxic in nature. In this sequence different technologies were developed by ancient and contemporary researchers for physical and chemical stabilization of mercury. Physical stabilization is done by amalgamation process that converts mercury in to solid form and less toxic in comparison to liquid mercury. This physical stabilization methodology is closely resembles <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Parad Bandh which is quoted in classical literature of Rasa Shastra. In chemical stabilization, mercury is converted in to non toxic compound mainly by chemical reaction with sulphur by Mayasa and DELA technology and resulting in formation of black and red colour mercury sulphide. These technologies are quite comparable to pharmaceutical technology of Parpati and Kupi <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">pakwa developed by ancient researchers of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Ayurveda. And these preparations are indicated for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and disorders starting from acute disorders to chronic nature. In this way we can say that contemporary science can develop stabilization technology of mercury only for mercury disposal while Ayurvedic researchers developed expertise to convert these disposed mercury for the benefit of humanity since 12th century.</span