Therapeutic potential of an edible macro-fungus: Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst

702-713A range of dietary products has been used in Asia as a common remedy to prevent or cure various diseases. The extracts from medicinal mushrooms (stem, butt and root rot) are utilized for the treatment of multiple diseases. As we know that mushroom is an abundant source of various minerals such as vitamins, fiber and different type of amino acids along with low in fat, cholesterol and calories. Carbohydrates and protein of proteoglycans are in 11.5:1 ratio. In addition, major 03 monosaccharides were present in carbohydrates i.e., D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose in the molar concentration of 3:1:1. The edible mushroom fungus, Ganoderma lucidum reportedly introduces many compounds as well as triterpenoids, polysaccharides, proteoglycans or glycopeptides, sterols, steroids and fatty acids with a role in prevention or cure for various diseases like that immunomodulation, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, chemo-preventive, antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, anti-diabetic, anti-fibrotic, hepatoprotective, anti-androgenic, anti-herpetic, anti-angiogenic, antioxidative, free radical-scavenging, anti-aging, hypoglycemic along with estrogenic activity properties. This review summarizes the cultivation and biologically active compounds of G. lucidum with various therapeutic applications

RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND EBASTINE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Objective: A new simple, accurate, precise, robust, reproducible and economic RP-HPLC method was developed for Phenylephrine Hydrochloride and Ebastine in marketed tablet dosage form. Methods: The Chromatographic separation was achieved on Thermo BDS Hypersil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at ambient temperature. Mobile phase consist of Methanol: Phosphate buffer (30:70v/v), pH 4.0±0.05 was pumped at a flow rate was 1.0 ml/ min and Quantification was achieved with photodiode array (PDA) detection at 215 nm. Results: The method was linear over the concentration range of 5-15 µg/mL (r2 = 0.9994) for Phenylephrine Hydrochloride (PHE) and 5-15 µg/mL (r2 = 0.9947) for Ebastine (EBS). The percentage content for PHE and EBS was found to be 101.08±0.74% and 99.11±0.52%, respectively in the marketed formulation. The LOD and LOQ values for PHE were 0.46 and 1.12 mg/ml, respectively and these values for EBS were 1.41 and 3.41 mg/ml, respectively. These values indicate the sensitivity of method. Percent recovery was 99.69% for PHE and 96.60% for EBS reflects the good accuracy of the method. The developed method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness as per ICH guideline. Conclusion: A simple, precise, accurate, linear and rapid RP-HPLC method was developed and validated as per ICH guidelines. The results suggest that the developed can be applicable in routine analysis for tablets in the pharmaceutical industry

Estimation of avoidable yield losses in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) due to mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) in Rewari district, Haryana, India

The Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a significant oilseed crop in India. The sap-sucking pest, mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) emerged as a major threat to this crop, which can harshly reduce yield. The research experiment was carried out during the Rabi seasons, 2019-20 and 2020-21 at Rewari, Haryana to comprehend the influence of L. erysimi infestation on different yield parameters of B. juncea in the field. The two cultivars of B. juncea namely, RH 725 and RB 50 were raised in a paired plot design with two different sets viz., protected and unprotected and thirteen replications each set were kept. The protected set was sprayed with insecticide Dimethoate 30 EC @ 625 ml ha-1 one time only, whereas unprotected set was kept free from insecticidal application for natural infestation of the pest. The present investigation revealed that under unprotected conditions,  the yield parameters viz., weight of 100 siliquae, 100 siliquae husk, 10 main apical shoots (10 cm) and 1000 seeds, as well as seed yield, were significantly (P<0.01) affected by the L. erysimi infestation, while parameter, seed germination percentage influenced non-significantly (P>0.01). The maximum seed yield losses were registered in genotype RH 725 (26.25 %) when compared with RB 50 (25.92 %). All other yield parameters exhibited the same pattern except for three parameters i.e. weight of 100 siliquae, 100 siliquae husk and 10 main apical shoots (10 cm). In conclusion, this research highlights the colossal yield losses inflicted by L. erysimi infestation in B. juncea in unprotected conditions and the utility of insecticidal application in the enhancement of crop yield by management of this insect pest in protected conditions

Seasonal incidence and efficacy of botanical insecticides against Painted bug, Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea genotype RH 725)

Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) is a serious pest of Brassica crops in the North-Western region of India, inflicting crop yield losses. Therefore, the present study was conducted on seasonal incidence and management of B. hilaris in Brassica juncea genotype RH 725 at farmer’s field, Kolana village, Aravalli Hills Region, Rewari, Haryana, India during Rabi, 2019-20 and 2020-21. This study laid out the trial in a randomized block design with three replications and six treatments viz., Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) @ 7%, Nimbecidine @ 0.03%, Neem oil @ 5%, NSKE @ 5%, Neem oil @ 7% and control (unsprayed). Observations on the incidence of B. hilaris showed that it appeared from 5th Standard Meteorological Week (SMW) (0.34 bugs plant-1) and attained peak during 10th SMW with 5.77 bugs plant-1. The incidence of B. hilaris exhibited significant positive correlation with maximum (r=0.852, p<0.05) and minimum (r=0.900, p<0.05) temperature, rainfall (r=0.763, p<0.05) and wind velocity (r=0.959, p<0.05). Spray of Neem oil @ 7% (83.01 %) was the most effective in reducing the B. hilaris population over control followed by NSKE @ 7% (81.48 %), while NSKE @ 5% (68.85 %) confirmed least effective. Seed yield in different treatments varied from 1440.5 kg ha-1 (NSKE @ 5%) to 1590 kg ha-1 (Neem oil @ 7%) against 1216 kg ha-1 in control. The highest incremental cost-benefit ratio was registered with NSKE @ 7% (1: 7.70) followed by Nimbecidine @ 0.03% (1: 7.41) and NSKE @ 5% (1: 6.25). The present investigation signified that the study on the seasonal incidence of B. hilaris in relation to weather parameters could provide information for planning pest control and management strategies. The botanicals could be used as eco-friendly and economical substitutes for chemical insecticides at farmer’s fields against this insect pest

Therapeutic potential of an edible macro-fungus: Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst

A range of dietary products has been used in Asia as a common remedy to prevent or cure various diseases. The extracts from medicinal mushrooms (stem, butt and root rot) are utilized for the treatment of multiple diseases. As we know that mushroom is an abundant source of various minerals such as vitamins, fiber and different type of amino acids along with low in fat, cholesterol and calories. Carbohydrates and protein of proteoglycans are in 11.5:1 ratio. In addition, major 03 monosaccharides were present in carbohydrates i.e., D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose in the molar concentration of 3:1:1. The edible mushroom fungus, Ganoderma lucidum reportedly introduces many compounds as well as triterpenoids, polysaccharides, proteoglycans or glycopeptides, sterols, steroids and fatty acids with a role in prevention or cure for various diseases like that immunomodulation, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, chemo-preventive, antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, anti-diabetic, anti-fibrotic, hepatoprotective, anti-androgenic, anti-herpetic, anti-angiogenic, antioxidative, free radical-scavenging, anti-aging, hypoglycemic along with estrogenic activity properties. This review summarizes the cultivation and biologically active compounds of G. lucidum with various therapeutic applications

Unusual metastatic sex cord stromal tumor - staging and response assessment

Metastatic sex cord stromal tumor (SCST) is rare and contributing <1% of ovarian tumors. A 42-year-old female presented with lower abdominal pain for 2 months. Ultrasonography revealed masses in the abdominal and pelvic. USG guided biopsy from the pelvic mass revealed SCST. For staging, whole body F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography was performed and revealed heterogenous mildly FDG avid retroperitoneal and bilateral pelvic masses with lung nodules. To confirm the nature of the lung nodule; PET-CT guided biopsy performed and revealed metastatic SCST. After three cycle of chemotherapy, clinical, biochemical and imaging show partial response to treatment

Study on genetic combining ability estimates for yield and related traits in linseed (Linum usitatissiumu L.)

Abstract Combining ability studies helps in selection of appropriate parents for a cross and also indicates suitable breeding procedure for handling a cross to develop a cultivar. In the present investigation, combining ability estimates for yield and related traits have been analyzed in 45 F 1 and 45 F 2 progenies derived from 10 parent half diallel mating design. The analysis of variances showed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied. Significant differences have been found for general combining ability (GCA) effects among the parents as well as specific combining ability (SCA) effects among the hybrids for all the studied traits. The GCA and SCA components of variance were significant for all the traits. However, the magnitude of GCA variance was higher than SCA suggested the preponderance of additive gene action for most of the traits. The GCA:SCA ratio revealed predominance of additive gene effects in both the generations except seed weight in F 1 and husk weight and oil content in F 2 generation. Among all the parents, EC-1392, JLS-9 and JWR-17 were the best general combiners for branches/plant, capsules/plant and seeds/capsule and average to high combiners for other traits in both the generations. Most of the specific crosses for yield related traits as well as oil content involved high/average, average/average and average/poor general combiners. These crosses combinations could be utilized for further use in breeding program in combination with the parents having good general combining ability for improvement in yield of linseed

Series splutions for initial-value problems of time fractional generalized anomalous diffusion equations

In this paper, we formulate an initial-value problem of generalized anomalous diffusion equation consisting second order in two dimensional space and fractional order in time derivatives and then solve it by applying a series involving bilinear Eigen functions. Also, we evaluate a numerical approximation formula of this solution and also discuss its some special cases

Inclusion Complexation in Sulfobutyl Ether Beta Cyclodextrin and Dispersion in Gelucire for Sustained Release of Nifedipine Employing Almond Gum

In the present research investigation, the utility of employing high dissolving forms of nifedipine for sustained release from matrix tablets with almond gum as major release retardant is explored. A poorly soluble BCS class II drug nifedipine is chosen as a model drug. Efforts were made to alter the dissolution characteristics of the drug before it is entrapped in the polymer matrix of almond gum. Inclusion complexation in sulfobutyl ether beta cyclodextrin or solid dispersion in gelucire (50/13) resulted in enhanced dissolution of nifedipine. The high dissolving forms are characterized by x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and infra-red spectroscopy. The matrix tablets prepared employing the high dissolving forms exhibited satisfactory characteristics such as hardness, friability, swelling index. The drug release is found to be slow and spread over a period of 12 hours and the release could be modified with changes in nature of high dissolving form and the proportion of almond gum as the major release retardant. Employing high dissolving forms in matrix tablets of almond gum is found to be a novel approach in obtaining slow and complete release of poorly soluble drug such as nifedipine. Keywords: &nbsp;sulfobutyl ether beta cyclodextrin, solid dispersion, nifedipin

Assessment of phenotypic developmental traits and hybrid vigour in Arabidopsis thaliana

102-112The Don-0 and Col-0 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana showed significant phenotypic diversity for several quantitative traits. The phenotypic data taken on hybrid derived from Col-0 x Don-0 and parental lines provides the information of their continuous developmental pattern throughout the life cycle. The developmental data exhibits heterosis for most of the traits (specifically biomass related traits) due to supplementary genetic contributions of both parents. Consequently, the hybrid was found to be more vigorous in comparison to both the parents in terms of all the traits except yield trait. Moreover, higher and lower performance of hybrid causes due to constructive (hybrid vigor) and deleterious epistatic interactions of loci (necrosis: hybrid incompatibility), respectively. The present study also concluded that Don-0 is a slow growing, delayed flowering and high biomass containing ecotype. The shoot and root biomass at initial stage was found to be less in Don-0 than the Col-0 but high at maturity. The present investigation provides the preliminary information which could be utilized for future genetic studies to understand the heterotic phenomenon in Arabidospsis